Richard Heslin’s research while affiliated with Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis and other places

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Publications (27)


Evaluating Cross-Cultural Training
  • Article

December 1983

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9 Reads

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21 Citations

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Richard Heslin

Meaning of touch: The case of touch from a stranger or same sex person

March 1983

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233 Reads

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112 Citations

Journal of Nonverbal Behavior

Two hundred and eight respondents rated what it means to them if they are touched on various areas of their body by either a stranger or a close friend of the same or opposite sex. Male and female respondents agree that (a) touch from a close friend of the opposite sex is pleasant, and (b) touch from a same sex person is unpleasant. However, touch from an opposite-sex stranger, is considered to be unpleasant by women but quite pleasant by men. For women, the meaning of a touch is primarily influenced by how well they know the other person; for men, the meaning is primarily determined by the other person''s sex. That the intrusiveness of touch depends on acquaintanceship supports the hypothesis that for psychological comfort the level of intimacy of a) nonverbal behavior and b) the social relationship of two people must be congruent.


Issues in the Assessment of Attitudes in Pre- and Marginally Literate Cultures

January 1983

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5 Reads

It has been proposed (e.g., Davidson & Thomson, 1980: Irvine & Carroll, 1980) that the reliability and validity of direct attitude scaling techniques may be problematic for a given culture, especially those that are pre- or marginally literate. Numerical measurement procedures such as direct ratio scaling or numerically anchored category scales demand at least some proficiency with the mathematical system assumed in the technique. Verbally anchored category scales and Likert-type formats not only assume that individuals can conceptualize stimuli on a priori specified dimensions, but also can be invalidated by inappropriate scale anchors.


Perceptions of cross-sex and same-sex nonreciprocal touch: It is better to give than to receive

March 1982

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104 Reads

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86 Citations

Journal of Nonverbal Behavior

Observers'' perceptions of actors engaged in cross-sex and same-sex nonreciprocal touch vs. no-touch interactions were assessed. Touchers were rated significantly higher than recipients on dimensions of status/dominance, instrumentality/assertiveness, and warmth/expressiveness. Furthermore, touchers were rated higher, and recipients were rated lower, on these dimensions than no-touch controls. Female observers rated actors involved in touch interactions as more attractive than those involved in no-touch interactions, whereas male observers did the reverse. Results suggest that nonreciprocal touch conveys several messages, and appears to benefit the toucher more than the recipient. Implications of these results for evaluations of the nonverbal communication patterns of women and men were discussed.



Nonverbal Aspects of Attraction

January 1982

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4 Reads

Why do some people like other people? Vonnegut’s (1965, p. 74) Elliott Rosewater was liked because of his goodness and helpfulness. Other people are liked for different reasons, the major ones being that they (1) satisfy some need of the person who likes them, (2) they are similar to that person, (3) they are desirable or attractive, or (4) they are close at hand. Before we discuss the role of nonverbal behavior, we will first summarize major conclusions from attraction research, as collected into these four categories.


Nonverbal Behavior and the Regulation of Everyday Life

January 1982

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4 Reads

One of the major tasks of any system of interpersonal relations is to insure that people conduct their interpersonal affairs with a minimum of embarrassment and discomfort. When two people meet, whether for business or pleasure, they are guided both by a shared sense of what is expected in that kind of situation and by the cues emitted by the other person. The behavior of the other person is a necessary clue to exactly how to behave because there is some latitude allowed in the interpretation of any situation. Thus, closing a business deal can be either a “strictly business” transaction or a friendly business one.


Design Issues in the Study of Nonverbal Behavior

January 1982

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10 Reads

Planning, executing, and evaluating a research project, whether it is a relatively simple single study or a complicated string of related investigations, can be viewed as a series of related decision processes. The value and impact of the final product is often considerably determined by the early decisions on how to structure a research question. In this chapter we hope not only to show how important these various decisions are but also to provide a general framework for making these decisions. We certainly do not expect that most of the readers will become actively involved in research in nonverbal behavior, but most will be occasionally stimulated to wonder how a research problem develops or question the legitimacy of some of the results and conclusions reported in this volume. We hope that some may even develop their own speculations or hypotheses on various topics throughout this book. It is our belief that exercising this kind of questioning attitude is one of the best ways for the reader to maximize his or her gains from our discussions. The following presentation on design, methodology, and strategies of research should promote a better understanding of the basic decisions in the research process and make it easier to evaluate the merit and importance of various findings in the area of nonverbal behavior.



Theoretical Integrations and Practical Applications

January 1982

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4 Reads

In the previous chapters we examined the role of nonverbal behavior in various social psychological processes. Of necessity, these discussions have tended to be rather focused, and as a result, the commonalities across these various processes may not have been apparent to the reader. Nevertheless, it is possible to provide some theoretical integrations across our earlier divergent concerns. In developing this discussion it may be useful to review briefly several theoretical explanations before describing a new comprehensive approach to nonverbal behavior.


Citations (17)


... The former theory reveals that consumers tend to think that the advertiser tells the truth when there is negative information in the advertisement; this improvement in perceived source reliability will be improved, which reduces consumer resistance (Jones & Davis, 1965;Jones & McGillis, 1976). As for inoculation theory, in the context of advertising research, the theory applies when an enterprise experiences business crises or attacks from its competitors if it continuously plays image advertisements, as its target consumers have already had a "vaccine" against the attacks, which decreases the harm brought by the attacks (Banas & Rains, 2010;Kim, 2012;Szybillo & Heslin, 1973). Theories that mean to resolve the problem of consumer resistance toward certain products must manage to persuade consumers by both providing information for them to deliberate and reducing their resistance to the information and the product. ...

Reference:

One-Sided Advertising: How Does It Overcome Consumer Resistance?
Resistance to Persuasion: Inoculation Theory in a Marketing Context
  • Citing Article
  • November 1973

Journal of Marketing Research

... One notion that figures prominently in new product evaluation is the subjectivity in perceiving a product as 'new' (Hart & Jacoby, 1973;Hetet et al., 2020). It is known that perceived newness has two distinct dimensions; novelty and recency (Blake et al., 1970;Blake et al., 2007;Hart & Jacoby, 1973). To illustrate, consumers may consider both the iPhone 1 and iPhone 14 as new products. ...

Dogmatism and Acceptance of New Products
  • Citing Article
  • November 1970

Journal of Marketing Research

... In observation studies of the effects of touch on behavior, people are more responsive to requests when they are accompanied by touch, such as rating salespersons more highly or providing higher tips to wait staff (Heslin and Patterson, 1982;Joule and Gueguen, 2003;Guegen, 2004). We can assume that such behaviors are guided, at least in part, by oxytocin release, which friendly touch promotes. ...

Nonverbal Behavior and Social Psychology
  • Citing Article
  • January 1982

... Much of Tom Hoyes' empirical research was carried out using the Aston Driving Simulator (ADS), developed by Ray Taylor, and described in various publications Dom, 1992;Dom et al., 1992;, Matthews et al., 1993. The ADS allows over 20 specific behaviours to be constantly monitored, including: mean speed, maximum speed, speed variability (standard deviation), accelerator variability, accelerator mean, brake mean, brake variability, kerb collisions, other vehicle collisions, overtakes, position mean (relative to centre line), position variability, distance to car in front, distance variability, aborted overtakes, other vehicle collisions whilst overtaking, 'risky' overtakes (oncoming vehicle visible at initiation), successful overtakes, overtakes ending in kerb collisions, mean temporal leeway of overtake (time to spare before collision), block -time periods into which each run is divided. ...

Individual and Group Differences in Nonverbal Behavior
  • Citing Chapter
  • January 1982

... To date, with some exceptions that looked at crosscultural management courses and their relative effectiveness (e.g., Brück, 2007;MacNab, 2012), only a limited number of published studies have tested the effects of cross-cultural academic training on students' CQ (Eisenberg et al., 2013). Given that the ultimate objectives of cross-cultural management courses offered by colleges and universities are centered on helping students become culturally-intelligent global human resource (MacNab, 2012), there remains a need for more empirical examination of whether those courses significantly contribute to improving students' crosscultural competence and thus help academic programs achieve the objectives. ...

Evaluating Cross-Cultural Training
  • Citing Article
  • December 1983

... Theoretically, people try to adjust their beliefs to what is commonly accepted in society (Burchell et al., 2013), such as by following the rules, procedures and norms established by an authority (Ketelaar et al., 2015). However, people with a highly dogmatic system of beliefs are able to reduce social pressure (Blake et al., 1970). Religious individuals tend to act in accordance with their religious community to achieve continuity and psychological stability (Konig et al., 2000;Ketelaar et al., 2015). ...

Dogmatism and Acceptance of New Products
  • Citing Article
  • November 1970

Journal of Marketing Research

... was tested because such counter-marketing messages have been widely used in the context of tobacco (e.g., the "truth" campaign [47]), and have been shown to be effective in decreasing smoking among young people. The persuasiveness process behind this message is explained by the inoculation theory, which posits that people can be protected against attempts at commercial manipulation if they are warned against them with counter arguments [48]. Each of the 12 text-format messages was paired with a color pictogram portraying the risk. ...

Resistance to Persuasion: Inoculation Theory in a Marketing Context
  • Citing Article
  • November 1973

Journal of Marketing Research

... We recruited cohabiting couples given that people in close relationships use touch more in day-to-day life (Heslin and Boss, 1980;Smith and MacLean, 2007) and are able to co-elaborate a common understanding of mediated touch (Brown et al., 2009, Park et al., 2013Price et al., 2022). This allowed us to observe many touch behaviours covering a wide range of functions. ...

Nonverbal Intimacy in Airport Arrival and Departure
  • Citing Article
  • June 1980

Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin

... Direct and prolonged eye contact may be a prime indicator of interest and engagement in the subject matter (Blatner, 2009). Touching between friends in particular exhibits feelings of intimacy or closeness (Nguyen, Heslin, & Nguyen, 1975). Looking at a friend in an intimate situation indicates awareness and attachment (Russo,1975). ...

The meaning of touch: Sex and marital status differences.
  • Citing Article
  • January 1976

Representative Research in Social Psychology