October 2024
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1 Read
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2 Citations
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Publications (4)
December 2023
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29 Reads
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3 Citations
IEEE Communications Standards Magazine
The 5G new radio (NR) standard has been designed since its initial release - 3GPP Release 15 - to support ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC) requiring one-way down-link (DL) or uplink (UL) user-plane latencies of 1 ms with reliability of at least 99.999 percent. The following releases - Release 16 and 17- have further raised the bar, not only by offering further reduced latencies down to 0.5 ms and increased reliability up to 99.99999 percent, but also by supporting new industrial internet of things (IIoT) use cases demanding - among other things - time synchronization with 1 µs accuracy. This article provides an overview of the latest IIoT and URLLC-related enhancements adopted in the 5G NR standard, with focus on the recently standardized Release 17 features. This includes enhancements to the hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) and channel quality indicator (CQI) feed-back from the UE, propagation delay compensation for more accurate time synchronization, reliability and latency enhancements tailored to deployments on unlicensed bands, and scheduling optimizations taking into account different traffic priorities and higher-layer requirements of the industrial applications. Example performance results show how NR Release 17 offers improved performance over a wider range of deployment scenarios and frequency bands. Finally, an out-look toward expected URLLC and IIoT enhancements in future releases is provided.
November 2023
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1 Read
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9 Citations
April 2022
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2 Reads
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2 Citations
Citations (3)
... For instance, unsupervised learning has been applied to network traffic analysis, facilitating the understanding and segmentation of network behaviors without prior labelling [2]. Additionally, unsupervised graph-based learning methods have been utilized for sub-band allocation in 6G subnetworks, demonstrating the practical applications of these techniques in real-world scenarios [3]. The application of these techniques (unsupervised machine learning and GIS) enables more precise decision-making in resource-constrained environments, such as Burkina Faso, which distinguishes this approach from more traditional, less data-driven methods FTTx networks (Fig. 1) bring the combined advantages of higher transmission rates and lower energy consumption. ...
- Citing Conference Paper
October 2024
... The in-X subnetworks are short-range low-power radio cells at the edge of the 6G network to support localized and seamless wireless connectivity. These can be configured in small-scale entities such as robots, production modules, vehicles, and immersive classrooms to avoid wired infrastructure for communication services that have specific data rates, complexity, latency, and reliability requirements [2]. It is noteworthy that the subnetworks conceptualize dynamic and trusted local connectivity zones defined in the ITU vision for the future development of International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT) for 2020 and beyond [3], and they are also included in the European vision for the 6G Network Ecosystem [4]. ...
- Citing Conference Paper
November 2023
... Another advantage of LWA includes higher throughput gain when integrating these technologies into existing infrastructure, along with smaller impact on the infrastructure during upgrading it to support LWA [118]. Release 17 introduced support for Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communication (URLLC) in the license-exempt spectrum below 7.125 GHz [122]. This included harmonizing the UL data transfer and feedback mechanisms between URLLC and NR-U, alongside channel access improvements, to ensure both LBT capability and low latency [123]. ...
- Citing Article
December 2023
IEEE Communications Standards Magazine