Régis Mollard's research while affiliated with Paris Descartes University and other places
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Publications (111)
Connected operators of future factories will interact with different devices to be ready to acknowledge any request to intervene or to take back control. The paper studies this ability by proposing a heartbeat-based alarm monitoring system to study human attention when acknowledging a request for action. Request to intervene is done via alarms from...
The paper discusses about human-systems inclusion as a new way to take into account human factors on systems engineering. This process applies not only principles from human-supported by automation but also those on automation-supported by human to improve autonomy between humans and machines and autonomy between people. The main concern of human-s...
Ce livre est le fruit d’une collaboration entre universitaires et industriels, rythmée par des rencontres régulières au cours des congrès et des workshops « Ergo’IA » (Ergonomie et Informatique Avancée) et par les enseignements du Master d’Ergonomie de l’Université de Paris. Le lecteur est amené vers des problématiques issues de divers domaines d’a...
This paper studies the synchronization between dynamic events with heartbeats and its impact on non-conscious errors in the control of dynamic events. It proposes a methodology to compare two groups of subjects: a group for which alarms are synchronized with the heartbeats of the subjects and a group for which they are not. Quantitative and subject...
The concept of dissonance, generated voluntarily or involuntarily, with or without the knowledge of its real or possible consequences, responds to this problem. The occurrence of a dissonance can be associated with physiological measurements of pain, stress, boredom or fasting. Attentional dissonances can be evaluated by applying different methods...
The paper proposes an original architecture to control human-machine symbiosis by using Heart-Computer Synchronization Interfaces (HCSI). This symbiosis depends on the limits of three autonomy prerequisites: the knowledge required to treat a situation, the availability of the human and technical resources when achieving tasks, and the possibilities...
Depuis quelques années, de nouveaux systèmes d’interaction sont proposés comme des tablettes tactiles, les dispositifs Kinect ou Leap Motion (reconnaissance des mouvements des mains). L’aéronautique s'intéressant de plus en plus à ces nouvelles technologies d'interaction, cette étude propose de comparer l'utilisabilité et l'acceptabilité de différe...
L’Ocean Living Lab (OLL) est le premier Living lab européen dédié à l’océan, la glisse, au nautisme et aux sports aquatiques. L’objectif de OLL est de réaliser des tests fiables sur de nouveaux matériels et d’analyser les besoins des utilisateurs. Dans cette optique, une expérimentation centrée utilisateur a été menée avec des outils classiquement...
Les postures induites par les activités de pilotage des aéronefs sont susceptibles de créer un inconfort postural qui peuvent conduire à une mauvaise utilisation de l’environnement de travail, voire être la cause de troubles musculo-squelettiques. La caractérisation des différentes positions adoptées en fonction des tâches à réaliser peut toutefois...
Dans un monde où la continuité de service est impérative, la qualité et la rapidité des interventions en maintenance deviennent des éléments clés. Pour conserver leur compétitivité, les industriels recherchent activement des solutions pour améliorer l’efficacité et la productivité des opérations de maintenance tout en préservant un très haut niveau...
RESUME La tunnelisation attentionnelle correspond à une baisse de l'attention à un moment donné, impliquant que l'opérateur fixe un élément en oubliant son environnement (Dehais et al., 2010). Elle peut ainsi constituer un facteur contributif à la survenue d'accidents. Salomon et al. (2016) ont montré que lorsqu'une image clignote de manière synchr...
The postures induced by the piloting activities of aircraft are likely to create postural discomfort that can lead to a misuse of the working environment, or even be the cause of musculoskeletal disorders. The characterization of the different positions adopted according to the tasks to be performed may, however, be difficult depending on the const...
Attentional tunneling corresponds to a decrease in attention at a specific moment, implying that the operator fixes an element while forgetting his environment (Dehais et al., 2010). It can thus be a contributing factor to the occurrence of accidents. Salomon et al. (2016) have shown that when an image blinks synchronously with the heart rhythm, th...
Modern complex systems are interactive, distributed and heterogeneous. Professional and operational working environments involve multiple user profiles in collaborative contexts, multiple technologies and all kinds of organisational processes. In addition, biomedical and behavioural data have never been so easy to collect and can now take a part in...
Technological evolution opens up new ways of interacting and broadens the design perspectives for the use of multi-modality in the future cockpit. The use of adaptive multimodality is expected to provide more natural and intuitive interactions and should increase pilots' physical and cognitive performance within a given context. But this augmented...
The field of aeronautic maintenance is more and more demanding and complex. There is a rising demand for systems to help operators in their activities. Augmented reality is a recurring solution, allowing to display virtual content (e.g. documentation) over a real scene. We conceived the TAC system (Collaborative Remote Assistance), which uses augme...
Depuis quelques années, nous assistons à une demande de l’industrie aéronautique de nouveaux systèmes d’aide à la maintenance. L’avènement de la réalité augmentée et des nouvelles technologies d’interaction permet d’apporter des solutions à ce besoin, la réalité augmentée permettant d’afficher du contenu virtuel (une aide documentaire par exemple)...
The aim of this study is to present an approach allowing the exploration of different viewpoints in a military context (French Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle – UAV – operators) and to understand the moments of fatigue during missions. These viewpoints which are studied through cognitive-discursive analysis (CDA) and Geometric-Data Analysis (GDA) should...
This research aimed at developing new types of Human-Computer interaction for future Airbus aircraft cockpit. Touch interaction needs to be studied because it brings some advantages for pilots. However, it is necessary to redefine pilot’s workspace to optimize touch interaction according to pilot population characteristics and human physical capabi...
The context of this paper is movement and gesture-based interaction for natural user interaction (NUI) design. Naturalness is not an intrinsic but a perceived quality; and although movement seems an ideal candidate for NUIs, it bears its own limitations. Although experience can be drawn from other interaction styles (e.g. WIMP, touch), we advocate...
Innovative technologies have pervaded out lives in recent years. They are increasingly integrating the business world and are arousing greater interest in terms of both academic and industrial research as they encourage new forms of interaction: human-human, human-machine and human-systems. New usages for usual and common platforms (computers, mobi...
Innovative technologies have pervaded out lives in recent years. They are increasingly integrating the business world and are arousing greater interest in terms of both academic and industrial research as they encourage new forms of interaction: human-human, human-machine and human-systems. New usages for usual and common platforms (computers, mobi...
This research aimed at developing new types of Human-Machine interaction for future Airbus aircraft cockpit. Touch interaction needs to be studied because it brings some advantages for pilots. However, it is necessary to redefine pilot's workspace to optimize touch interaction according to pilot population characteristics and human physical capabil...
In this poster we present an exploratory bottom-up experiment to assess the user's choices in terms of bodily interactions when facing a set of tasks. 29 subjects were asked to perform basic tasks on a large screen TV in three positions: standing, sitting, and lying on a couch, without any guidance on how to perform them. As such, we obtained spont...
Harfang UAV is a high value asset in french intelligence arena. Since the initial operational capability (IOC), it has been deployed and involved in NATO operations. Its long endurance capability can lead operators to drowsiness and misunderstanding among crewmembers. Oftenly involved in high value point of interest surveillance but sometimes in «...
The aim of this study was to define the physical ergonomics needs to optimize the integration of touch interaction in the future cockpit concept. A sample of 9 subjects were retained to cover the range of variability for Forward Reach ensuring that both small (5%) and large pilots (95%) are able to reach the controls from their seated position. A m...
NEXTER Systems has been working for over thirty years to optimize the design of its military ground platforms. Meanwhile, military systems have become increasingly complex. It raises the question of improving the interfaces shared between human and system, in order to meet the just need of the crew. This article presents the principles of an evalua...
This paper presents a platform for the evaluation of user experience pertaining to innovative concepts in evolutionary socio-technical systems. Developing a system involves performing formative evaluations (during the design phase) and summative evaluations (at the end of the design phase). Designing or redesigning systems is creating new human-hum...
Development of an adaptable and customizable evaluation platform for the study of emotional behavior in situations of multiple solicitations
This paper presents a platform for the evaluation of user experience pertaining to innovative concepts in evolutionary socio-technical systems. Developing a system involves performing formative evaluations (du...
This paper describes research that aims to provide the overall scientific basis for implementation of a Fatigue Risk Management System (FRMS) for French regional airlines. The current research has evaluated the use of different tools and indicators that would be relevant candidates for integration into the FRMS. For the Fatigue Risk Management comp...
Hours of work of train drivers are known to be likely to induce fatigue that may impact safety and health. In 2007, the SNCF initiated a comprehensive research on fatigue and sleep of train drivers. The research covers the various operations: high speed, national, regional, freights and maneuver trains. The objective is to evaluate the impact of th...
Because of the development of the 24/7 operations in various industries, human fatigue is today considered as one of the major risk for safety. To date, the prescriptive approach through the regulation of duty hours is the traditional way to prevent fatigue. However, besides the inherent rigidity of regulations from an operational point of view, th...
RESUME La restructuration des bureaux de Poste en « Espace Service Client », actuellement en cours, inclut des « îlots » multifonctions, une « boutique » dédiée non seulement aux produits postaux mais aussi aux produits régionaux, et des guichets pour les opérations bancaires. Ces changements structurels, qui ont pour objectif de passer d"un modèle...
This exploratory study presents the results of an evaluation of human behavior obtained through a first use of the platform PEPSS (Prototyping platform for evaluating and use tests). During tests, subjects were confronted with a work situation characterized by multisollicitations induced by different distractors while performing a monitoring task....
The Project "Customer Service Area" (Espace Service Client - ESC), currently implemented in post offices, resulting in a new configuration of working positions in "Ilots" now involves the position of standing work for the clerks, both for traditional activities (sending mail) or new (management of "boutique" sale of postal products, regional produc...
The new European regulation on Flight Time Limitations for aircrews specifies that an operator may grant reduced rest arrangements or split duties if it demonstrates that its request produces an equivalent level of safety. To reach this objective, France issued a regulation defining the basis of a Fatigue Risk Management System (FRMS). A FRMS is a...
To assess if electrostimulation of lower limbs relieves lower limbs venous insufficiency-related symptoms during pregnancy.
A two-step study was conducted. First, a monocentric prospective preliminary study including 30 pregnant women was conducted to assess the effects of electrostimulation on fetal monitoring and uterine contractions. Then, a mul...
This paper presents the outlines of the STARE project that aims at developing the basis of a Fatigue Risk Management System (FRMS) that will enable the French regional airlines to comply with the new European regulation on flight and duty time limitations. More specifically, the new regulation requires for an operator to implement a FRMS in the cas...
Purpose: To study the effect of the Veinoplus electrostimulation on the physiopathology and the quality of life of the patients presenting a distal venous stasis and a saphenous insuffisancy. Material and methods The study carried out of experimental type is not randomized. The inclusion criteria were to present venous pains with venous insufficien...
Fatigue-related incidents in aviation may be self-reported by pilots in confidential systems. The aim of this study was to clarify what fatigue means to pilots on short- and long-haul flights (SHF and LHF, respectively).
Questionnaires were distributed to pilots through four airlines. Questions concerned the perceived causes of fatigue, its signs a...
Previous studies have shown frequent reductions in aircrew alertness during long-haul flights, even during the critical descent phase. Recommended countermeasures include alternation of crew activity with rest, such as cockpit napping. However, a method of monitoring the alertness level of the active and napping pilots should be considered.
The Ele...
The survey realized in 1992 on a military population allowed to collect anthropometric data on 688 males and 328 females. Among 73 measurements and 3 index, 26 of them have been retained for the comparison with previous surveys.
Generally used for dimensioning human body models these data represent somatic measurements of reference, as weight and s...
A survey was made in an administrative school area, composed of rural and urban zones, giving initially the best probabilities to get the full morphological variability representative of the national general school population. A total number of 532 boys and 524 girls aged from 4 to 18 were measured with 18 anthropometric dimensions. The survey was...
Eight Air Traffic Controllers carried out four TRACON II exercises using a graphic and a keyboard interface in low and high traffic. An iView head-mounted eye-tracking device was used. Electroencephalograms, (EEG), Electro-oculograms (EOG) and Electrocardiograms (EKG) were also measured, and on-line observations recorded using the Noldus Observer S...
After preliminary small-scale trials, selected psychophysiological and self-assessment measures were applied to a Real-Time simulation of a revised interface for adjacent Swedish and Danish Air Traffic Control (ATC) sectors. (Because the Real Time simulation involved radical change in displays and operating methods, it was important to establish th...
Eight Air Traffic Controllers carried out exercises using a TRACON II ATC Simulator. After a training and familiarization day, the controller carried out four simulation exercises, two low and two high traffic load. His performance during each exercise was recorded. A self-assessment questionnaire for fatigue and a test of cortical evoked potential...
This study examined the relation between individual sleeping habits, and sensitivity to sleepiness during five simulated night-shifts. Seventeen male volunteers were selected by their features of “morningness–eveningness” and flexibility or rigidity of sleeping habits. Subjective scales of sleepiness and fatigue, mental performance, sleep, attenuat...
ERGODATA was developed to provide basic data in the fields of anthropometry, biomechanics, and more generally ergonomics as well as statistical models of populations, with for instance a prediction of change in morphologies in the next 10-20 years to come. Individual Database (ID) and Aggregate Database (AD) in anthropometry contain worldwide surve...
The present study examines the effects of rest days frequency and duration on bright light circadian adjustment to permanent night work. A sample of 12 subjects, randomly divided into 2 groups (A, B), worked between 2300 and 0700 during 12 days interrupted by 2 days off every 6 days on (system A) or by 1 day off every 3 days on (system B). All subj...
This study presents an automated process for the design of custom made femoral stems. Two software programs have been developed to obtain the inner bone contours from computed tomography scan images and to design the optimal stem that can be inserted into the femur. This process requires only 2 hours of computer use, therefore reducing the price of...
The present study examines the stability of bright light circadian readjustment during two consecutive dim light night-work periods and circadian synchronization during the recovery after a night-shift period. A sample of 10 subjects was divided into 2 groups (control group : 6 subjects; experimental group: 4 subjects). All subjects worked during 5...
Human operators in transport operations are often confronted with monotony, boredom, and irregular work schedules. This situation has become increasingly more acute because of the growing automation of systems. This paper presents methodology and preliminary results for two field studies on the vigilance of train drivers and long-range aircrews. Th...
Under conditions of prolonged space flight, it may be feasible to restore gravity artificially using centrifugal inertial forces in a spinning vehicle. As a result, the motion of the passengers relative to the vehicle is affected by Coriolis forces. The aim of this study is to propose a theoretical method to evaluate the extent of these effects com...
There is a transitional zone between the compact and the cancellous bone in the metaphyseal area of human femur. On CT scan images, this zone appears as a progressive change in the grey-levels, there is no clear interface between the cortex and the medullary canal. During a preliminary study made with six fresh human femurs, we observed that the gr...
Chronobiological studies show that irregular schedules lead to troubles of biological rhythms, especially of sleep-wake cycles, and arousal. The aim of the present research is to evaluate the sleep perturbations due to irregular work schedules in transport operations. The global investigation concerns sleepiness during activity as well as sleep dep...
The study's aim was to identify female and male face shape variability in order to establish typical profiles for the design of masks. A specific data acquisition photogrammetric station was used for this purpose. A preliminary survey using anthropometric techniques was conducted on 301 females and 208 males, randomly selected from the French milit...
In order to be able to evaluate the mechanical properties of cortical and sub-cortical bone from a radiologic acquisition, the authors have researched a link between the X-rays transparency of bone and its hardness. A device for measuring hardness has been developed which allows an almost punctual evaluation of the mechanic value of bone. This valu...
The fluctuations of vigilance and performance for operators working in monotonous conditions were studied in laboratory. Three experimental designs were achieved on 20 subjects:
— one reference condition with a vigilance task of 3 hours 30 during day time, — one experimental condition with interruptions of monotony during the vigilance task by a su...
Although the concept of human force exertion appears a rather simple one, its measurement rises many problems. In a precedent work we have underlined the fact that the result of the effort exertion is widely conditioned by the experimental protocol that is used, including factors as vocal stimulation, visual control feed back, time duration or else...
Human operators in transport operations are often confronted to monotony, boredom and irregular work schedules. This situation seems to be more and more acute because of the growing automation of the systems. This paper presents the method and the first results of two field studies on the vigilance and performance of plane pilots and train drivers....