Reginald B. Blaylock’s research while affiliated with University of Southern Mississippi and other places

Eggs of Acartia tonsa and Parvocalanus crassirostris were contaminated with ciliates (Euplotes sp.) and exposed to five concentrations of sodium hypochlorite (25, 55, 105, 205, and 405 ppm) for 15 sec, 5 min, 15 min, or 30 min to assess the efficacy of household bleach for removing the ciliates. Eggs from each exposure treatment were incubated for 40 h (A. tonsa) or 12 h (P. crassirostris) to assess hatch. The presence of living ciliates was evaluated after incubation and copepod egg hatch rate (%) was estimated for each treatment and in controls. Exposure to 105 ppm total chlorine for 15 s killed all ciliates and reduced the copepod‐hatch rate by less than 26 % with respect to controls in both species. Exposure to 55 ppm for 15 min or 25 ppm for 30 min also killed ciliates and achieved a mean copepod hatch rate of 38.5% and 58.1% of the control groups hatch rate, respectively, in A. tonsa. Treatments for 5 min or longer reduced hatch rate for P. crassirostris eggs by at least 76% at all concentrations tested.

Culture models and facilities for large-scale, commercial production of popular Gulf of Mexico species are unavailable. The spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus) is one of the most popular recreational fishes in the Gulf of Mexico. Seatrout culture techniques were adapted from red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) protocols developed in the 1970s. Broodstock husbandry, spawning, and extensive pond rearing techniques using fertilized and bloomed brackish ponds were well-established by the 1980s. By 2018, approximately 80 million 25–30-day old seatrout had been produced, mainly for stock enhancement. Cannibalism and poor nutrition hindered intensive tank culture. Between 2005 and 2015, an intensive tank-rearing protocol that reduced cannibalism and intracohort variability and increased average survival to almost 50% was developed using algal concentrate, rotifers, brine shrimp (Artemia sp.), and microencapsulated feeds. Preliminary results suggested that a 500 g fish could be produced in approximately 10 months. Nevertheless, interest in commercialization has remained low. Zootechnical performance throughout the latter stages of culture, the economics of production, consumer preferences/perceptions, and market capacity must be documented to complete the assessment of the spotted seatrout as a species for commercial aquaculture. The optimization of aquafeeds specific for seatrout and a domestication program is warranted to further facilitate industry growth.

How to sustainably and equitably reverse global warming by 2150 Energies journal publishes a comprehensive analysis of how to restore the world's climate to pre-industrial levels while supporting UN Sustainable Development Goals. Addressing the multiple crises of rising atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide rise, increasing global temperatures, and growing global poverty is the challenge for a recent article in the open-access journal Energies. The peer-reviewed study published September 22 presents: (1) building floating flexible fishing reef ecosystems with nutrient recycling to achieve many Sustainable Development Goals, such as producing half a billion tonnes of seafood per year; (2) building initially coal-fired electricity power plants (that produce sequestration-ready CO2) and facilities converting trash into biocrude oil; (3) sequestering the electricity CO2, replacing the coal with biomass, and harvesting seaweed-for-biofuel from the reef ecosystems. Lead author Mark E. Capron of OceanForesters announced, "This paper looks at quantities and costs for the full range of needed processes, from collecting solid and liquid wastes to growing and refining biofuels to producing carbon negative bio-oil and bio-electricity to safe, permanent sequestration. It gives nations and communities a range of options from high biofuels to high bio-electricity." Michael D. Chambers, aquaculture researcher and associate professor at the University of New Hampshire and co-author, confirmed the plans for growing massive quantities of seaweed for biofuels were consistent with his team's projections under a contract with the U.S. Department of Energy.

This document provides additional supporting Information for the main publication, "Restoring pre-industrial CO2 levels while achieving Sustainable Development Goals" (https://doi.org/10.3390/en13184972). It lists abbreviations used in this supplementary document and in the main publication. It also contains 24 figures and 1 table in addition to the 3 figures and 5 tables in the main publication. It also provides more details and discussion of the analyses in the main publication. It also has 139 references, some of which are in addition to the 171 references in the main publication. Note this PDF is in addition to the Supplemental Spreadsheet.

Unless humanity achieves United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030 and restores the relatively stable climate of pre-industrial CO2 levels (as early as 2140), species extinctions, starvation, drought/floods, and violence will exacerbate mass migrations. This paper presents conceptual designs and techno-economic analyses to calculate sustainable limits for growing high-protein seafood and macroalgae-for-biofuel. We review the availability of wet solid waste and outline the mass balance of carbon and plant nutrients passing through a hydrothermal liquefaction process. The paper reviews the availability of dry solid waste and dry biomass for bioenergy with CO2 capture and storage (BECCS) while generating Allam Cycle electricity. Sufficient wet-waste biomass supports quickly building hydrothermal liquefaction facilities. Macroalgae-for-biofuel technology can be developed and straightforwardly implemented on SDG-achieving high protein seafood infrastructure. The analyses indicate a potential for (1) 0.5 billion tonnes/yr of seafood; (2) 20 million barrels/day of biofuel from solid waste; (3) more biocrude oil from macroalgae than current fossil oil; and (4) sequestration of 28 to 38 billion tonnes/yr of bio-CO2. Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) costs are between 25–33% of those for BECCS with pre-2019 technology or the projected cost of air-capture CDR.

The AdjustaDepth TechnoEconomic Analysis was prepared by Mark E. Capron PE, Co-PI, under the direction of Kelly Lucas, PhD, PI and submitted April 3, 2019 to U.S. Department of Energy ARPA-E under Phase 1 Contract DE-AR0000916. Its 33 tabs present the cost and yield projections for growing Gracilaria tikvahiae in the Gulf of Mexico. It can be adapted for projections for other species and locations.

A framework is presented with examples of technologies capable of achieving carbon neutrality while sequestering sufficient CO2 to ensure global temperature rise less than 1.5°C (after a small overshoot), then continuing to reduce CO2 levels to 300 ppm within a century. Two paths bracket the continuum of opportunities including dry, sustainable, terrestrial biomass (such as Miscanthus, paper, and plastic) and wet biomass (such as macroalgae, food, and green waste). Suggested paths are adaptable, consistent with concepts of integral ecology, and include holistic, environmentally friendly technologies. Each path addresses food security, marine plastic waste, social justice, and UN Sustainable Development Goals. Moreover, oceanic biomass-to-biofuel production with byproduct CO2 sequestration simultaneously increases ocean health and biodiversity.