Raymund F Wack's research while affiliated with University of California, Davis and other places
What is this page?
This page lists the scientific contributions of an author, who either does not have a ResearchGate profile, or has not yet added these contributions to their profile.
It was automatically created by ResearchGate to create a record of this author's body of work. We create such pages to advance our goal of creating and maintaining the most comprehensive scientific repository possible. In doing so, we process publicly available (personal) data relating to the author as a member of the scientific community.
If you're a ResearchGate member, you can follow this page to keep up with this author's work.
If you are this author, and you don't want us to display this page anymore, please let us know.
It was automatically created by ResearchGate to create a record of this author's body of work. We create such pages to advance our goal of creating and maintaining the most comprehensive scientific repository possible. In doing so, we process publicly available (personal) data relating to the author as a member of the scientific community.
If you're a ResearchGate member, you can follow this page to keep up with this author's work.
If you are this author, and you don't want us to display this page anymore, please let us know.
Publications (30)
Red pandas (Ailurus fulgens) are a globally endangered small carnivoran species and subjects of a robust ex situ conservation effort that includes animals housed in zoos. In 2018, red panda amdoparvovirus (RPAV) was discovered by metagenomics analyses of tissues from two geriatric red pandas, and in one case it was associated with significant lesio...
A recently characterized fungal pathogen, Emydomyces testavorans, has been associated with ulcerative shell disease and significant morbidity in Western pond turtles. Voriconazole is a second-generation triazole antifungal medication that prevents fungal growth through disruption of ergosterol synthesis, causing abnormalities in the fungal cell mem...
Case description:
A 14-year-old 120-kg (264-lb) sexually intact male Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae) and its 10-year-old 130-kg (286-lb) sexually intact male offspring were housed separately and evaluated independently after experiencing weeks of ongoing malaise, weight loss, and anorexia.
Clinical findings:
Both animals were immobiliz...
Increasing numbers of populations of threatened and endangered plants and animals occur in environments altered by human activity. Life history traits may vary among populations in natural and human-dominated environments, and therefore, management strategies may need to be tailored to different environments to promote persistence. The primary obje...
Live-stranded pinnipeds often present to rehabilitation centers systemically debilitated with dehydration and poor perfusion. In many terrestrial mammals, blood lactate elevation has been correlated with global tissue hypoxia and decreased circulating blood volume. Serial blood lactate measurements in companion animals and humans have been used to...
Aleutian mink disease virus is the type species in the genus Amdoparvovirus, and in mink and other Mustelidae can cause either subclinical disease or fatal chronic immune stimulation and immune complex disease. The authors describe a novel amdoparvovirus in the endangered red panda (Ailurus fulgens), discovered using viral metagenomics. The authors...
A 25-year-old, Male mealy Amazon parrot (Amazona farinose) with a history of polycythemia, hepatomegaly, and epistaxis was evaluated for progressive lethargy and anorexia. Clinical laboratory testing revealed severe polycythemia (71%), hypophosphatemia (1.6 mg/dL), and mild hypokalemia (2.8 mEq/L). Radiographs showed marked hepatomegaly and loss of...
An 11-year-old female Chinese crocodile lizard (Shinisaurus crocodilurus) with presumed seizures was examined. Complete blood count, plasma biochemistry and MRI did not identify a cause of seizures and thus cryptogenic epilepsy was diagnosed. Electroencephalogram (EEG) was performed on the affected lizard and a healthy conspecific, revealing a lack...
Hematology and plasma biochemistry parameters were determined for 34 captive-born California tiger salamanders (Ambystoma californiense). The animals were manually restrained for general examination and venipuncture. This is the first comprehensive report of hematology and plasma biochemistry parameters in apparently healthy California tiger salama...
A five-year-old male greater hedgehog tenrec (Setifer setosus) presented with an oral mass and osteolysis of the mandible. Histopathology characterised the mass as a squamous cell carcinoma with extension into the alveolar bone. The patient was treated with intralesional bleomycin, clindamycin, meloxicam and enrofloxacin. After seven weeks of treat...
Protein electrophoresis has recognized applications in determining the health status of various species. While reference intervals for electrophoresis have been determined for psittacine and raptor species, there are none reported for Phoenicopteriformes species. Reference intervals for haptoglobin and protein fractions obtained by electrophoresis...
Information regarding analgesics in pinnipeds is limited. This study aimed to establish the pharmacokinetic parameters of a single subcutaneous dose of sustained release buprenorphine (Buprenorphine SR) in juvenile northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) with regard to its potential to provide long-lasting analgesia that requires infreque...
A 15-year-old, 113 kg intact male Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae) was evaluated for weight loss, polydipsia, and intermittent hematuria. The tiger was immobilized for diagnostic testing including blood work, urinalysis, and abdominal ultrasound. Laboratory testing demonstrated macro- and microhematuria, azotemia, and an increased urine pr...
Intraocular pressure was measured using rebound tonometry in American flamingos (Phoenicopterus ruber), with the head in an upright standing position and when lowered in a feeding position, to establish a reference range. Mean +/- standard deviation (SD) (range) intraocular pressure for flamingos with the head in an upright position was right eye (...
A 22-year-old captive Brazilian rainbow boa (Epicrates cenchria cenchria) gave birth to four offspring after being housed with a vasectomized male. Sexual reproduction as a result of failed prior vasectomy, recanalization of the vas deferens, or prolonged sperm storage was ruled out using the clinical history, histopathology, and gross necropsy. Sh...
A captive 19-yr-old female Pacific gopher snake (Pituophis catenifer) presented for evaluation after keeper staff noticed a midbody swelling. Physical examination revealed a 6.6 × 3 × 3-cm slightly mobile mass approximately midway between the head and tail. Distension of the gallbladder was diagnosed using radiographs, ultrasonography, and fine nee...
This study evaluated selected bacteriologic and nutritional components of a commercially prepared ground raw horsemeat diet as part of a raw meat safety program. Six lots of meat were analyzed in triplicate. Frozen meat samples were thawed for 44 hr at 5°C. Meat samples were tested at three times during thawing (t = 0, 24, 44 hr) for selected bacte...
Capture myopathy and associated death have been reported with capture and restraint of greater flamingos (Phoenicopterus ruber roseus) and lesser flamingos (Phoeniconaias minor). In chickens (Gallus gallus), blood lactate concentration levels have been used as indicators of muscle damage. Lactate has also been used to predict survival in humans and...
To determine the minimum anesthetic concentration (MAC) of sevoflurane in thick-billed parrots (Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha) and compare MAC obtained via mechanical and electrical stimulation.
15 healthy thick-billed parrots.
Anesthesia was induced in each parrot by administration of sevoflurane in oxygen. An end-tidal sevoflurane concentration of 2...
Hematology and plasma biochemistry parameters are useful in the assessment and management of threatened and endangered species. Although reference ranges are readily available for many mammalian species, reference ranges for snakes are lacking for most species. We determined hematology and plasma biochemistry reference ranges for giant garter snake...
A 19-yr-old intact male Coquerel's sifaka (Propithecus coquereli) was evaluated for a crusting facial dermatopathy. Fungal culture and histopathology of skin biopsies were consistent with dermatophytosis caused by Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and treatment with the antifungal medication terbinafine was initiated. After 1 mo of treatment, all clinic...
Fatal abomasal impaction, often combined with omasal impaction, was diagnosed in 11 bongo (Tragelaphus eurycerus) from five different zoologic collections in the United States between 1981 and 2009. Nine of 11 cases occurred in young females (10 mo-7 yr old) and typical clinical signs prior to diagnosis or death included partial or complete anorexi...
Surgical procedures of the wing are commonly performed in companion, captive, and wild avian species. To develop a clinically applicable brachial plexus nerve block technique for perioperative analgesia in birds, 8 adult female mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) were anesthetized and used in several local anesthetic trials with bupivacaine (2 or 8...
Clinical chemistry tests are essential for the diagnosis and monitoring of disease in birds. The small volume of blood that can be obtained from many avian species limits the use of routine in-house chemistry analyzers. The aim of this study was to examine the accuracy and precision of avian plasma chemistry values obtained by use of a benchtop ana...
To develop a clinically applicable technique for recording cord dorsum potentials (CDPs) following stimulation of the radial and ulnar nerves and establish reference values for radial and ulnar sensory nerve conduction velocities (SNCVs) in the wings of ducks.
8 clinically normal adult female mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos).
Radial and ulnar com...
To determine the minimum anesthetic concentration (MAC) of isoflurane in thick-billed parrots (Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha).
15 healthy thick-billed parrots.
Anesthesia was induced and maintained with isoflurane in oxygen. In the first bird that was anesthetized, end-tidal isoflurane concentration was maintained at 1.0% for 15 minutes. After this pe...
Physical examination of an asymptomatic 20-yr-old intact female spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta) revealed a midabdominal mass. A complete blood count (CBC) revealed peripheral lymphocytosis. Abdominal ultrasonography and laparoscopy confirmed severe splenomegaly. Cytologic examination of a bone-marrow core and histologic examination of spleen and li...
An adult male black-necked swan (Cygnus melanocoryphus) was evaluated for a routine physical examination and West Nile virus vaccination. Nine days later, the swan was hospitalized for weakness, dehydration, tremors, and leukocytosis. Gradual clinical improvement was seen over a 2-wk course of supportive care. However, the animal became acutely wea...
Citations
... To the authors' knowledge serial lactate concentrations have not been evaluated as prognostic indicators in emydid and chelydrid turtles, although they have been evaluated in mammalian and fish medicine. 5,6,15,18,21 This analysis indicated that an increase in lactate in a 24 h period, when the initial lactate concentration was greater than 5 mM/L, was also significant as a poor prognostic indicator. This result is similar to a finding in Kemp's ridley sea turtles that related death to an increase in lactate over the study period. ...
... We had previously established that RPAV was detectable in the gastrointestinal tissues and feces of animals in a single zoo cohort. 1 Fecal samples were collected from 104 red pandas representing 37 zoological collections in 23 states. Each zoo submitted samples from one to eight red pandas (mean = 2.8). ...
![[object Object]](https://i1.rgstatic.net/ii/profile.image/272588303761443-1442001525017_Q64/Linlin-Li-18.jpg)
![[object Object]](https://i1.rgstatic.net/ii/profile.image/272357734481920-1441946552097_Q64/Patricia-Pesavento.jpg)
... In a sulfur-crested cockatoo (Cacatua galerita) carcinoma of the ventriculus had metastasized to the lungs [134]. In two free flying species of geese a multicentric lipomatosis and fibromatosis including the lungs, has been found [135]. A backyard chicken was presented to the first author, demonstrating an osteosarcoma of the ribs. ...
... There are ∼800 captive crocodile lizards globally. However, in recent years, they have been affected by various diseases, such as cutaneous granuloma, skin ulceration, early death in newborns, malformation, incomplete absorption of yolk, and seizure (21)(22)(23), thus impeding conservation programs and increasing the risk of transmission to the wild population. Among these, the most widespread and serious are skin diseases. ...
![[object Object]](https://i1.rgstatic.net/ii/profile.image/272477301506073-1441975059683_Q64/Tara-Harrison-2.jpg)
... No biochemistry ranges have been published for the tiger salamander, so available data from related species from the same family were used. Plasma biochemistry results (Table 1) were interpreted using the Californian Tiger Salamander (Ambystoma Californiense)) [14] and hematology results (Table 2) using the Californian Tiger Salamander and the captive Eastern Tiger Salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum) [15]. Hematology results revealed anemia with a packed cell volume of 16% (33 64%), leukocytosis 6.4 (0 1.29 × 103/µL) [14] with a relative monocytosis (22.5% [0 12%]) and lymphocytosis (61.2% [8 27%]) [15]. ...
![[object Object]](https://i1.rgstatic.net/ii/profile.image/282130463641604-1444276552520_Q64/Philip-Kass.jpg)
... Older captive nondomestic felids are most affected compared with younger animals globally. CKD often occurs with age-related comorbidities, including degenerative diseases [17,18]. ...
... As previously mentioned, EPH is a valuable tool because this test assesses the entire acute phase response, reported as groups of APPs, in contrast to measuring individual APPs which may require species-specific reagents. This evaluation also includes albumin, a wellconserved negative APP across taxa [2,7,10,22] which has also previously been identified as a negative APP in baboons [17,18]. Mean serum concentrations in albumin in this study were lower in acutely ill hamadryas baboons than healthy baboons, but this difference was not statistically significant after adjustment of p values for multiple comparisons. ...
![[object Object]](https://i1.rgstatic.net/ii/profile.image/272427754192897-1441963246295_Q64/Carolyn-Cray.jpg)
... There is little information on the use of analgesics in pinnipeds. Existing research is limited to a few preliminary pharmacokinetic studies, for example with tramadol in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) (Boonstra et al., 2013) and butorphanol and buprenorphine in elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) (Molter et al., 2015;Nutter et al., 1998). Buprenorphine is known to provide relatively effective, long-lasting analgesia in domestic dogs and cats (Lamont and Mathews, 2007) and is therefore suggested to be a reasonable choice for use in seals (Molter et al., 2015). ...
![[object Object]](https://i1.rgstatic.net/ii/profile.image/11431281116274236-1675211438148_Q64/Lorraine-Barbosa-2.jpg)
![[object Object]](https://i1.rgstatic.net/ii/profile.image/273630965792793-1442250114683_Q64/Shawn-Johnson-4.jpg)
... Currently, the clinical use of plasma bile acid concentrations to assess hepatobiliary function in the leopard gecko is not described. Yet, it has been shown relevant in cases of cholangiocarcinoma and pseudocarcinomatous biliary hyperplasia in green iguanas (Wilson et al., 2004) and in a case of mycobacterial cholecystitis in a Pacific gopher snake (Pituophis catenifer; Kinney et al., 2013). ...
... Ocular disorders bear signi cance for survival and self-sustainment. Thus, ocular examination, which not only enables the collection of basic medical data and the protection of the health of animals under professional care, but also constitutes an integral part of the monitoring of wild animals, is of major importance [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Pygoscelis penguins are found mostly in the higher latitudes of the sub-Antarctic and the Antarctic. ...
![[object Object]](https://i1.rgstatic.net/ii/profile.image/278966687551490-1443522249247_Q64/Steven-Hollingsworth.jpg)
