Ravindra V. Adivarekar’s research while affiliated with ICT University and other places

The overwhelming emergence of nanotechnology, encompassing nanoparticles, nanofibers, nanotubes, and more, is evident. Nanotechnology revolves around materials with dimensions ranging from 1 to 100 nm. The transformation of materials into their nanoform yields distinct properties, offering added functionalities and increased benefits. Among the most ancient and essential industries in society lies the textile sector. While this industry continually advances, integrating nanotechnology into its realm can yield significant advantages. This chapter dives into the incorporation of nanotechnology pertaining to coating and finishing sectors of the textile industry. It subsequently expands to cover synthesis methods like electrospinning, chemical vapor deposition, and various characterization techniques, providing a comprehensive overview. Nanotechnology has already propelled textiles to the forefront commercially, manifesting as finishes with antimicrobial, anticorrosion, flame-retardant properties, and more. However, the research and commercial adoption of these materials still lack the necessary momentum. The discussion further explores diverse application areas where nanomaterial coating and finishing play a central role. Ultimately, the chapter concludes by outlining anticipated future trends and overarching considerations.

Over the generations, the textile industry has built a reputation as one of the world’s biggest water consumers and polluters. Today, the shift in environmental and social awareness impacts textile markets and production techniques. This paper describes a unique way to reduce the intake of freshwater for the dyeing process in the textile industry. Efforts have been made to utilize reactive, basic, and direct dye-bath effluents directly as liquor in polyester dyeing for 0.5, 2, and 4% shade of primary colors. The obtained result shows that the fabric dyed in effluents has acceptable color strength and color difference as that of the conventional dyeing process with freshwater. The fastness properties of all the dyed fabrics were good to excellent. Thus, this process can effectively reduce the intake of freshwater by about 30,000 L/ton. Also, it has an economic benefit and can save 450 Rs/ton. Thus, the findings prove that effluents generated from the cotton dyeing unit can be used directly for polyester dyeing.

This study attempts a successful synthesis of a cellulose‐based adsorbent using orthophosphoric acid as a chemical activating agent followed by pyrolysis. A detailed characterization of synthesized adsorbent in terms of its morphology, material crystallinity, and surface area was studied. Batch studies were performed to remove reactive blue 19 dye from its simulated wastewater. The impact of various adsorption parameters such as adsorbent dosage (A: 0.1 to 0.5 g), initial dye concentration (B: 100 to 500 mg/L), contact time (C: 10 to 180 min), pH (D: 2 to 10), temperature (E: 35 to 60 °C) were examined and optimized using on Box‐Behnken method with Response Surface Methodology. The experimentally obtained adsorption data were fitted to different isotherms and kinetic models. The findings prove that more than 96 % of 400 mg/L of RB19 dye removal is possible with 4 g/L dosage in 18.5 min at 50 °C with its original pH of 6.8. Also, three cycles of regenerability and reusability of CBA gives 51.88 % of RB19 dye removal. Moreover, the possibility of using spent adsorbent in the boiler as a fuel was explored. Consequently, this research will contribute to SDG6 by maintaining circularity and sustainability in the entire process.

This study focuses on the development of an advanced chemical protective filter material to be used in Nuclear, Biological and Chemical (NBC) protective gears. The NBC protective clothing mainly consists of three layers- outer, middle, and inner layers. Specific features like flame retardancy, oil repellency, water repellency, and antistaticity are imparted in the outer layer, while the innermost layer, which remains close to the body consists of features providing comfort and safety. The middle layer is a filter layer made of adsorbent material. Activated Carbon Fabric (ACF) is a versatile textile material owing to its high surface area, meso and microporosity, flexibility, and ease of lamination onto various substrates. However, due to its fragility, lamination of ACF onto a substrate is recommended to provide strength to it. In the present work, a coating of poly (diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride) (PDDA) was developed onto the ACF surface using the dip coating method to improve the tensile strength of the fabric without sacrificing its comfort and chemical properties. Polymer-coated ACF (PDDA@ACF) samples were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analyser. Samples were tested for tensile strength and air permeability. The performance evaluation of the developed coated fabric was determined as per IS 17377 against Sulphur Mustard (HD), a chemical warfare agent. The analysis confirmed the successful introduction of PDDA onto the surface of ACF. Tensile and air-permeability test results revealed improvements in mechanical and comfort properties, respectively. A marginal reduction in BET surface area was observed which may be attributed to the presence of polymer over the structure of ACF. The chemical protection performance was found as per the requirement of NBC protective clothing (BTT > 24h).

The present research work deals with the preparation of semi-synthetic leather using fruit vegetable waste, acrylic polymer resin, and additives. Glycerol and polyvinyl acetate were used as additives to improve the flexibility and crack resistance properties. The leather film was prepared by pouring a mixed solution containing fruit vegetable waste powder, acrylic resin, and additives into the aluminium mold and drying in the oven at 120 °C for 4 h. Optimization of the concentration of acrylic resin, polyvinyl acetate, glycerol, as well as the powdered fruit vegetable waste, was studied. The characterization was performed to analyze mechanical properties and structural analysis using standard testing methods and instruments. The findings disclose that the optimized specimen with a recipe of 40% acrylic resin, 5% fruit vegetable waste powder, 5% polyvinyl acetate, 5% glycerol, and 45% water exhibits tensile strength of 112.1 N, elongation of 91%, tear strength of 15.06 N, and flexural rigidity of 62.44 mg.cm. It was also observed that the concentration of the acrylic resin, powdered fruit vegetable waste, and additives have a significant correlation with the mechanical properties. The abrasion resistance of the film was excellent for 20,000 abrasion cycles. FTIR analysis confirmed no alteration in the chemical structure after film preparation.