Rasheed Tunde Lawal’s scientific contributions

Morinda lucida is a medicinal plant growing in many Afr West Africa. It is generally used as ingredient for fever teas, which are usually taken for the traditional treatment of malaria in West Africa. This research was conducted to determine the anti ethanolic extract of Morinda lucida of M. lucida was evaluated using modified Lorke's method. The ethanolic extract was evaluated for In vivo antimalaria activity against chl suppressive test and prophylactic modes of antiplasmodial studies were carried out. The oral lethal dose was determined to be ≥5000 mg/kg body weight. The extracts: 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/ dose dependent chemosuppression effect at different levels of the infections which were observed to be 22.33 %, 33.02 %, 37.23 %, and antiplasmodial effect of models. These imply that the plant extract has antiplasmodial properties which when combined with other plant extracts can be used for the treatment of malaria and other ailme Abstract FJPAS Vol 4(1) Available online at www.fuoye.edu.ng Morinda lucida is a medicinal plant growing in many Africa countries and widely used as a medicine in West Africa. It is generally used as ingredient for fever teas, which are usually taken for the traditional treatment of malaria in West Africa. This research was conducted to determine the anti Morinda lucida in P. berghei infected Mice. Oral acute toxicity of the ethanolic extract of M. lucida was evaluated using modified Lorke's method. The ethanolic extract was evaluated for In vivo antimalaria activity against chloroquine sensitive strains of Plasmodium berghei Anka in mice. Four days suppressive test and prophylactic modes of antiplasmodial studies were carried out. The oral lethal dose ≥5000 mg/kg body weight. The extracts: 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/ dose dependent chemosuppression effect at different levels of the infections which were observed to be 22.33 and 26.27 %, 52.97 %, 69.07 % for suppressive and prophylactic respectively. The chloroquine at l0 mg/kg body weight was higher than the extract in all the test models. These imply that the plant extract has antiplasmodial properties which when combined with other plant extracts can be used for the treatment of malaria and other ailments. Abstract

Humanity faces with many infections, including viral, bacterial, and fungal. Medical experts propose that individuals with strong immunity are more likely to survive infections compared to those with weaker immunity. Therefore, people should enhance their immunity through increased intake of fruits and vegetable sorme dictations with immune boosting properties to better withstand unforeseen infections. Cocktail of some herbal extracts which contained leaves of Sorghum biclor, Persea americana, Treculia africana and barks of Deteruim microcarpum were examined for boosting of pack cell volume (PCV) and red blood cell (RBC) of laboratory animals. It was done by feeding the cold extracts of the cocktail to groups of rabbits for 28 days (4weeks) at varied doses. PCV and RBC tests were subsequently carried out on the rabbits to determine the effects of the cocktail on the blood of the rabbits as well as body weights. The results revealed a steady increase in weights for the control rabbits which ranged between 23.69± 2.97 to 26.91± 4.32, PCV ranged between 32.7 to 36.9 and RBC ranged between 4.4x10 6 to 5.4 x10 6 while the treated rabbits experienced slight decreases in their body weights towards the end of the experiment, groups 1, 2 and 3 ranged between 21.73 ± 0.83 to 25.97 ± 3.73, 19.50 ± 1.05 to 24.69 ± 4.82 and 22.70 ± 3.87 to 26.91 ± 4.85 respectively. In addition, the mean PCV of the groups 1, 2 and 3 ranged between 29.7 to 39.1, 34.0 to 36.1 and 30.0 to 36.4 respectively. RBC count recorded for the treated groups, 1, 2 and 3 ranged between 29.7x10 6 /mm 3 to 39.1 x10 6 /mm 3 4.4 x10 6 /mm 3 to 4.5 x10 6 /mm 3 and 4.2 x10 6 /mm 3 to 4.1x10 6 /mm 3 respectively. The results indicated that the cocktail has the capacity to boost the PCV and RBC but should not be used for so long.

The Prism steel rolling mill, Ikirun, Osun State may contaminate well water, the area's main potable water source. This necessitated assessment of physical and chemical properties and possibly hazardous elements in well water samples. Standard methods and Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) were used to analyze physicochemical status and Potentially Toxic Element concentrations (Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn) in ten well water samples. Physicochemical parameters ranged as follows: pH 6.64-7.38, temperature 27.2-29.2°C, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) 0.99-1.60 mg L-1 , Dissolved Oxygen (DO) 1.05-1.65 mg L-1. Heavy metal concentrations decreased in order Cd > Ni > Zn > Cr, with ranges: Cd 0.04-0.31 mg L-1 , Cr 0.09-0.67 mg L-1 , Zn ND-0.04 mg L-1 , Ni ND-0.16 mg L-1. Pb was below detection limits. Non-carcinogenic risk assessment indicated potential adverse health effects and unacceptable risks for local inhabitants from well water consumption. However, carcinogenic risk assessment showed no cancer risk.

This research examined the effects of autoclaved, cooked, and uncooked chickpea flour on animals with uncooked chickpea flour, commercial feed, and basal diets serving as comparisons and histological examination. The seeds of Cicer arietinum were sorted, washed, and sun-dried. The 30 kg of chickpeas were milled into powder using a blender. Three (3) 700 g portions of the powder were separated and placed in a sterile container. The fraction of chickpea flour was autoclaved for 15 minutes and cooked for 1 hour. The mineral and vitamin analysis of autoclaved, cooked, and uncooked chickpea flour was carried out using standard analytical methods. Standard procedures were used to prepare the animal tissue. The results showed that odium ranges from 15.90 to 19.19 mg/kg, potassium from 24.40 to 26.10 mg/kg, magnesium from 2.72 to 4.63 mg/kg, calcium from 3.97 to 5.33 mg/kg, and iron from 0.19 to 0.23 mg/kg in terms of mineral composition, while vitamin analysis ranges from vitamin A, 465.71 +9.27 to 1146.75 +5.63 Unit/g, vitamin B, 0.02 + 0.01, to 0.06 + 0.00 mg/g, and vitamin C, 0.15 + 0.00 to 0.25 + 0.00 mg/g. Raw chickpea flour's mineral and vitamin content was lower than that of cooked and autoclaved chickpea flour. Histological examination reveals that the experimental animals given cooked chickpea flour did not experience any changes in liver histoarchitecture. From this study, it could be concluded that animal consumption of cooked chickpeas could be safe, as it had no negative effects on their liver histology.

The impact of fermentation on the nutritional and vitamin content of fermented mung bean 'iru' as a protein condiment is being investigated. The mung bean was processed into mung bean 'iru' using the local method of producing 'iru' from African locust beans. The mung bean underwent sorting, washing, and boiling for 1 hour. Following the hour-long boiling process, the seeds were dehulled to eliminate the seed coat, and subsequently, they were cleaned. After draining the water and spreading the seed on a sack bag to cool, the mixture was wrapped in enough Musa saplentum banana leaves and placed inside a cleaned plastic container to ferment for five days at room temperature in a warmed environment. For chemical analysis and albino rat feeding, mung bean "iru" was dried in an electric oven set to 50°C for eighteen hours. The mineral and vitamin analysis of fermented mung bean iru was carried out using standard analytical methods. Standard procedures were used for the feeding of experimental animals. The results showed that mineral and vitamin parameters were as follows: Na 48.10, K 18.36, Mg 15.60, Ca 23.00, and Fe 24.20 mg/g, while vitamin A 481.97 and B 0.38 units/g. The albino rats fed fermented mung bean iru were in line with commercial feed in growth response. The histoarchitecture of the liver had no negative effect in rats fed fermented mung bean iru. The fermented mung bean iru shows that it has haematinics properties.

The need for sustainable management of cypermethrin, a widely used synthetic pesticide with significant ecological impact, calls for urgent concerns among environmental stakeholders. Therefore, in this study, the potential cypermethrin-degrading (PCD) bacteria were screened and identified from the soil samples collected from the Cowpea farm of Teaching and Research farm of Kwara State University, Nigeria. The bacterial strains were screened and isolated through enrichment techniques and identified using the standard phenotypic and molecular techniques. The potential for cypermethrin utilisation was determined in the cypermethrin-treated mineral salt medium. The three PCD bacterial strains isolated were PCD1 (Lysinibacillus fusiformis), PCD2 (Bacillus sonorensis), and PCD3 (Achromobacter sp.). Molecular characterization confirmed the identities and revealed high sequence similarity with known species. The accession numbers for these strains are MF973057 (PCD1), MF973058 (PCD2), and MF973059 (PCD3). The growth-dependent utilization of cypermethrin using the optical density values (OD 600 nm) showed the highest OD value on day six (PCD2: 0.60 and PCD3: 0.65) and day nine (PCD1: 0.80) respectively. The observed increases in optical density (OD 600 nm) affirmed their potential for cypermethrin degradation. While the strains exhibit promise in metabolizing cypermethrin, further research is needed to assess their suitability for bioremediation.