Ralph L. Rosnow’s research while affiliated with Temple University and other places

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Publications (105)


The Oxford Handbook of Quantitative Methods in Psychology, Vol. 1
  • Article
  • Full-text available

March 2013

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323 Reads

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215 Citations

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Brian D. Haig

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Ralph L. Rosnow

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[...]

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Stanley Wasserman

Research today demands the application of sophisticated and powerful research tools. Fulfilling this need, this two-volume text provides the tool box to deliver the valid and generalizable answers to today's complex research questions. The Oxford Handbook of Quantitative Methods in Psychology aims to be a source for learning and reviewing current best-practices in quantitative methods as practiced in the social, behavioral, and educational sciences. Comprising two volumes, this text covers a wealth of topics related to quantitative research methods. It begins with essential philosophical and ethical issues related to science and quantitative research. It then addresses core measurement topics before delving into the design of studies. Principal issues related to modern estimation and mathematical modeling are also detailed. Topics in the book then segway into the realm of statistical inference and modeling with articles dedicated to classical approaches as well as modern latent variable approaches. Numerous articles associated with longitudinal data and more specialized techniques round out this broad selection of topics.

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"Effect sizes for experimenting psychologists": Correction to Rosnow and Rosenthal (2003)

June 2009

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130 Reads

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7 Citations

Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology

Reports an error in "Effect sizes for experimenting psychologists" by Ralph L. Rosnow and Robert Rosenthal (Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology/Revue canadienne de psychologie expérimentale, 2003[Sep], Vol 57[3], 221-237). A portion of the note to Table 1 was incorrect. The second sentence of the note should read as follows: Fisher’s ʐr is the log transformation of r, that is, ½ loge [(1 + r)/(1 - r)]. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2003-08374-009.) [Correction Notice: An erratum for this article was reported in Vol 63(1) of Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology/Revue canadienne de psychologie expérimentale (see record 2009-03064-004). Correction for Note in TABLE 1 (on page 222): The second sentence should read as follows: Fisher’s zr is the log transformation of r, that is, 1⁄2 loge[(1 + r)/(1 − r)].] This article describes three families of effect size estimators and their use in situations of general and specific interest to experimenting psychologists. The situations discussed include both between- and within-group (repeated measures) designs. Also described is the counternull statistic, which is useful in preventing common errors of interpretation in null hypothesis significance testing. The emphasis is on correlation (r-type) effect size indicators, but a wide variety of difference-type and ratio-type effect size estimators are also described. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)


An Integrative Overview

May 2009

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8 Reads

This book is really three-books-in-one, dealing with the topic of artifacts in behavioral research. It is about the problems of experimenter effects which have not been solved. Experimenters still differ in the ways in which they see, interpret, and manipulate their data. Experimenters still obtain different responses from research participants (human or infrahuman) as a function of experimenters' states and traits of biosocial, psychosocial, and situational origins. Experimenters' expectations still serve too often as self-fulfilling prophecies, a problem that biomedical researchers have acknowledged and guarded against better than have behavioral researchers; e.g., many biomedical studies would be considered of unpublishable quality had their experimenters not been blind to experimental condition. Problems of participant or subject effects have also not been solved. Researchers usually still draw research samples from a population of volunteers that differ along many dimensions from those not finding their way into our research. Research participants are still often suspicious of experimenters' intent, try to figure out what experimenters are after, and are concerned about what the experimenter thinks of them. That portion of the complexity of human behavior that can be attributed to the social nature of behavioral research can be conceptualized as a set of artifacts to be isolated, measured, considered, and, sometimes, eliminated. This book examines the methodological and substantive implications of sources of artifacts in behavioral research and strategies for improving this situation.


Situational Determinants of Volunteering

May 2009

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14 Reads

This book is really three-books-in-one, dealing with the topic of artifacts in behavioral research. It is about the problems of experimenter effects which have not been solved. Experimenters still differ in the ways in which they see, interpret, and manipulate their data. Experimenters still obtain different responses from research participants (human or infrahuman) as a function of experimenters' states and traits of biosocial, psychosocial, and situational origins. Experimenters' expectations still serve too often as self-fulfilling prophecies, a problem that biomedical researchers have acknowledged and guarded against better than have behavioral researchers; e.g., many biomedical studies would be considered of unpublishable quality had their experimenters not been blind to experimental condition. Problems of participant or subject effects have also not been solved. Researchers usually still draw research samples from a population of volunteers that differ along many dimensions from those not finding their way into our research. Research participants are still often suspicious of experimenters' intent, try to figure out what experimenters are after, and are concerned about what the experimenter thinks of them. That portion of the complexity of human behavior that can be attributed to the social nature of behavioral research can be conceptualized as a set of artifacts to be isolated, measured, considered, and, sometimes, eliminated. This book examines the methodological and substantive implications of sources of artifacts in behavioral research and strategies for improving this situation.


A Preface to Three Prefaces

May 2009

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22 Reads

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117 Citations

This book is really three-books-in-one, dealing with the topic of artifacts in behavioral research. It is about the problems of experimenter effects which have not been solved. Experimenters still differ in the ways in which they see, interpret, and manipulate their data. Experimenters still obtain different responses from research participants (human or infrahuman) as a function of experimenters' states and traits of biosocial, psychosocial, and situational origins. Experimenters' expectations still serve too often as self-fulfilling prophecies, a problem that biomedical researchers have acknowledged and guarded against better than have behavioral researchers; e.g., many biomedical studies would be considered of unpublishable quality had their experimenters not been blind to experimental condition. Problems of participant or subject effects have also not been solved. Researchers usually still draw research samples from a population of volunteers that differ along many dimensions from those not finding their way into our research. Research participants are still often suspicious of experimenters' intent, try to figure out what experimenters are after, and are concerned about what the experimenter thinks of them. That portion of the complexity of human behavior that can be attributed to the social nature of behavioral research can be conceptualized as a set of artifacts to be isolated, measured, considered, and, sometimes, eliminated. This book examines the methodological and substantive implications of sources of artifacts in behavioral research and strategies for improving this situation.


Implications for the Interpretation of Research Findings

May 2009

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15 Reads

This book is really three-books-in-one, dealing with the topic of artifacts in behavioral research. It is about the problems of experimenter effects which have not been solved. Experimenters still differ in the ways in which they see, interpret, and manipulate their data. Experimenters still obtain different responses from research participants (human or infrahuman) as a function of experimenters' states and traits of biosocial, psychosocial, and situational origins. Experimenters' expectations still serve too often as self-fulfilling prophecies, a problem that biomedical researchers have acknowledged and guarded against better than have behavioral researchers; e.g., many biomedical studies would be considered of unpublishable quality had their experimenters not been blind to experimental condition. Problems of participant or subject effects have also not been solved. Researchers usually still draw research samples from a population of volunteers that differ along many dimensions from those not finding their way into our research. Research participants are still often suspicious of experimenters' intent, try to figure out what experimenters are after, and are concerned about what the experimenter thinks of them. That portion of the complexity of human behavior that can be attributed to the social nature of behavioral research can be conceptualized as a set of artifacts to be isolated, measured, considered, and, sometimes, eliminated. This book examines the methodological and substantive implications of sources of artifacts in behavioral research and strategies for improving this situation.


Empirical Research on Voluntarism as an Artifact-Independent Variable

May 2009

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10 Reads

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1 Citation

This book is really three-books-in-one, dealing with the topic of artifacts in behavioral research. It is about the problems of experimenter effects which have not been solved. Experimenters still differ in the ways in which they see, interpret, and manipulate their data. Experimenters still obtain different responses from research participants (human or infrahuman) as a function of experimenters' states and traits of biosocial, psychosocial, and situational origins. Experimenters' expectations still serve too often as self-fulfilling prophecies, a problem that biomedical researchers have acknowledged and guarded against better than have behavioral researchers; e.g., many biomedical studies would be considered of unpublishable quality had their experimenters not been blind to experimental condition. Problems of participant or subject effects have also not been solved. Researchers usually still draw research samples from a population of volunteers that differ along many dimensions from those not finding their way into our research. Research participants are still often suspicious of experimenters' intent, try to figure out what experimenters are after, and are concerned about what the experimenter thinks of them. That portion of the complexity of human behavior that can be attributed to the social nature of behavioral research can be conceptualized as a set of artifacts to be isolated, measured, considered, and, sometimes, eliminated. This book examines the methodological and substantive implications of sources of artifacts in behavioral research and strategies for improving this situation.


Characteristics of the Volunteer Subject

May 2009

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16 Reads

This book is really three-books-in-one, dealing with the topic of artifacts in behavioral research. It is about the problems of experimenter effects which have not been solved. Experimenters still differ in the ways in which they see, interpret, and manipulate their data. Experimenters still obtain different responses from research participants (human or infrahuman) as a function of experimenters' states and traits of biosocial, psychosocial, and situational origins. Experimenters' expectations still serve too often as self-fulfilling prophecies, a problem that biomedical researchers have acknowledged and guarded against better than have behavioral researchers; e.g., many biomedical studies would be considered of unpublishable quality had their experimenters not been blind to experimental condition. Problems of participant or subject effects have also not been solved. Researchers usually still draw research samples from a population of volunteers that differ along many dimensions from those not finding their way into our research. Research participants are still often suspicious of experimenters' intent, try to figure out what experimenters are after, and are concerned about what the experimenter thinks of them. That portion of the complexity of human behavior that can be attributed to the social nature of behavioral research can be conceptualized as a set of artifacts to be isolated, measured, considered, and, sometimes, eliminated. This book examines the methodological and substantive implications of sources of artifacts in behavioral research and strategies for improving this situation.


1 Introduction

May 2009

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3 Reads

This book is really three-books-in-one, dealing with the topic of artifacts in behavioral research. It is about the problems of experimenter effects which have not been solved. Experimenters still differ in the ways in which they see, interpret, and manipulate their data. Experimenters still obtain different responses from research participants (human or infrahuman) as a function of experimenters' states and traits of biosocial, psychosocial, and situational origins. Experimenters' expectations still serve too often as self-fulfilling prophecies, a problem that biomedical researchers have acknowledged and guarded against better than have behavioral researchers; e.g., many biomedical studies would be considered of unpublishable quality had their experimenters not been blind to experimental condition. Problems of participant or subject effects have also not been solved. Researchers usually still draw research samples from a population of volunteers that differ along many dimensions from those not finding their way into our research. Research participants are still often suspicious of experimenters' intent, try to figure out what experimenters are after, and are concerned about what the experimenter thinks of them. That portion of the complexity of human behavior that can be attributed to the social nature of behavioral research can be conceptualized as a set of artifacts to be isolated, measured, considered, and, sometimes, eliminated. This book examines the methodological and substantive implications of sources of artifacts in behavioral research and strategies for improving this situation.


7 Summary

May 2009

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2 Reads

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1 Citation

This book is really three-books-in-one, dealing with the topic of artifacts in behavioral research. It is about the problems of experimenter effects which have not been solved. Experimenters still differ in the ways in which they see, interpret, and manipulate their data. Experimenters still obtain different responses from research participants (human or infrahuman) as a function of experimenters' states and traits of biosocial, psychosocial, and situational origins. Experimenters' expectations still serve too often as self-fulfilling prophecies, a problem that biomedical researchers have acknowledged and guarded against better than have behavioral researchers; e.g., many biomedical studies would be considered of unpublishable quality had their experimenters not been blind to experimental condition. Problems of participant or subject effects have also not been solved. Researchers usually still draw research samples from a population of volunteers that differ along many dimensions from those not finding their way into our research. Research participants are still often suspicious of experimenters' intent, try to figure out what experimenters are after, and are concerned about what the experimenter thinks of them. That portion of the complexity of human behavior that can be attributed to the social nature of behavioral research can be conceptualized as a set of artifacts to be isolated, measured, considered, and, sometimes, eliminated. This book examines the methodological and substantive implications of sources of artifacts in behavioral research and strategies for improving this situation.


Citations (78)


... El diseño experimental puro se caracteriza por la creación de un inventario de tratamientos, los cuales están asentados con el debido rigor científico; lo anterior permite evaluar la medida en el impacto positivo de las intervenciones sobre la población (Zurita-Cruz et al., 2018). No obstante, el 38% de los estudios contaban con un grupo control que no tenía un tratamiento, lo cual puede ser un sesgo en el muestro por parte del experimentador (Nezu & Nezu, 2007). De acuerdo a lo anterior, se recomienda que en futuros estudios se incluyan intervenciones alternativas en los grupos de control y, con ello, evaluar intervenciones y evitar un sesgo. ...

Reference:

Comparación metodológica de ocho intervenciones eficaces para la atención de la violencia familiar: revisión sistemática
Evidence-Based Outcome Research: A practical guide to conducting randomized controlled trials for psychosocial interventions
  • Citing Article
  • September 2007

... This refinement is based on the assumption that EFA is an abductive method of theory generation that is subsequently evaluated by CFA. 157,158 Consequently, the four dimensions provide a new conceptual model for patient participation in NBH (Figure 2). These dimensions are consistent with the three-step process described by Thórarinsdóttir and Kristjánsson, 159 for patient participation in healthcare: 1) Human Connection, 2) Information Processing, and 3) Action. ...

The Oxford Handbook of Quantitative Methods in Psychology, Vol. 1

... These t's correspond to d's ranging from 0.78 to 1.10, which are all considered medium to large effect sizes. We did not use an omnibus F test since apriori focused T tests for 3 variables are better than an omnibus unfocused F test, as argued by Rosnow & Rosenthal (1992). ...

Focused tests of significance and effect size estimation in counseling psychology.
  • Citing Chapter
  • January 1992

... The dimensional effect of the detected differences was quantified by calculating Rosenthal's rank correlation (r), providing an estimate of the practical magnitude of the differences between groups. The interpretation of r follows these thresholds: 0.10 ≤ r < 0.24 is considered a small effect, 0.24 ≤ r < 0.37 is a medium effect, and r ≥ 0.37 is a large effect [40]. The analysis was developed in R [41] and the significant value was set to 0.05. ...

Contrasts and Effect Sizes in Behavioral Research: A Correlational Approach
  • Citing Book
  • December 1999

... Even when it comes to 'measuring' career prospects, there may be parallels (to citationbased numbers such as h-indices and JIFs) -at least historically in disciplines such as psychology. As Rosnow and Rosenthal (1989) point out, "It may not be an exaggeration to say that for many PhD students, for whom the .05 alpha has acquired almost an ontological mystique, it can mean joy, a doctoral degree, and a tenure-track position at a major university if their dissertation p is less than .05. ...

Statistical procedures and the justification of knowledge in psychological science.
  • Citing Chapter
  • January 1992

... For example, Weekers et al. (2024b) examined the effect of assigning patients to different assessment procedures on perceived clinical utility. More studies of this type, ideally with larger sample sizes, are needed to provide stronger evidence for effects that are likely to be subtle.A limitation of the study is the voluntary nature of participation, which may have influenced the results of the consumer survey through sampling bias (e.g.,Rosenthal, 1965). Participants with more positive views of dimensional approaches may have been more likely to complete the survey, potentially leading to an overestimation of mean perceptions of clinical utility. ...

The Volunteer Subject
  • Citing Article
  • February 1977

Journal of Marketing Research

... A final strength of the study is that, contrary to previous studies, independent outcome measures (BSI and Q45) were provided instead of using the feedback measure (ORS) itself as an outcome measure. Providing outcome information to patients may result in 'demand characteristics' (patients responding to incidental hints about the therapists' expectations) that favour the feedback condition [32,33]. In line with this, Janse [34] has recently argued that, although PCOMS is a useful feedback instrument, its validity is limited and therefore other instruments should be added to corroborate progress. ...

The nature and role of demand characteristics in scientific inquiry.
  • Citing Article
  • October 2002

Prevention & Treatment

... Some examples we find useful to compare are those attributed to conspiracy theorists, beliefs enforced by missionaries, heretics, and those deemed to have 'psychotic' delusions. When taken this widely, there are many ideas and views about what is going on, but as mentioned above, they closely mirror the academic discourses about both the origins of radicalized extremist beliefs and what to do about them (Adorno, Frenkel-Brunswick, Levinson & Sanford, 1969;Bentall, 2018;Billig, 1992;Briggs, 1996;Christie-Murray, 1976;Dobbin, 2012;Febvre, 1986;Festinger, Riecken & Schachter, 1956;Fraser & Gaskell, 1990;Georgaca, 2004;Guerin, 2023;Janet, 1898;Lamont, 2013;Lewis, 1988;Mannheim, 1936;Moscovici, 2008;Rosnow & Fine, 1976;Sizgorich, 2009;Tönnies, 2000). ...

Rumor and Gossip: The Social Psychology of Hearsay.
  • Citing Article
  • December 1977

Social Forces

... Hitherto, studies focusing on the life stages of rumors tend to focus more on socio-psychological processes, focusing more on rumor content while ignoring the nature of the medium [8,9]. As a result, the complex interactions between rumor statements and the medium-specific features like the possibility of easy sharing of messages have not received enough attention. ...

Rumor
  • Citing Article
  • January 2000

... Heckling might act as a simple negative reinforce? that is either classically conditioned to the speaker (Staats, 1968) or exhibits a "spread of effect" over the contiguously occurring events (Rosnow, 1968). Similarly, audience members might be forced to move in a negative direction if they viewed the heckler as an attractive peer-group member toward whose attitude they must shift to maintain cognitive balance and consistency (Heider, 1958). ...

A “Spread of Effect” in Attitude Formation
  • Citing Article
  • December 1968