January 2025
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2 Reads
Journal of Chemical Education
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January 2025
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2 Reads
Journal of Chemical Education
June 2023
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13 Reads
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3 Citations
Journal of Chemical Education
June 2022
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42 Reads
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4 Citations
Journal of Chemical Education
April 2022
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6 Reads
SINET Ethiopian Journal of Science
An exciting classroom activity involving the construction of molecular models and building hybrid orbitals is presented in this paper. Basic molecular geometries were built by connecting different types of vegetables using bamboo skewers. Vegetable of different shapes were used to describe the hybridization of atomic orbitals. This exercise is suitable for high school and undergraduate chemistry students. The activity helps students to apply Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) theory to envisage the basic shapes of molecules and to conceptualize the hybridization of the atomic orbitals
September 2021
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64 Reads
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11 Citations
Journal of Chemical Education
June 2021
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43 Reads
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6 Citations
Journal of Chemical Education
February 2019
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205 Reads
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8 Citations
ACS Omega
Feasibility of performing multiple coulometric titrations in a single course of electrolysis is presented. In these titrations, three pairs of cathode and anode compartments were connected with a network of electrodes and salt bridges. Passage of current through the cell caused concurrent electrolysis in cathode and anode compartments. Electrogenerated reagents produced in these compartments were used as titrants for quantifying the analyte samples. Endpoints of the titrations were determined from the visual color change of an indicator. The charge passing through the cell was monitored and Faraday's laws of electrolysis were applied to assess the quantitative relation between the charge and analyte concentration. Experimentally determined coulombs required to titrate aqueous potassium hydrogen phthalate, MnO 4⁻ , OH ⁻ , and S 2 O 3²⁻ were 0.100, 0.466, 0.103, and 0.0934 C, respectively. These results matched with estimated values of 0.0965, 0.482, 0.0965, and 0.0965 C, respectively. Agreement between the coulombs determined from experimental results and reaction stoichiometry suggests a feasible application of concurrent coulometric titrations. Efficacy of the method was tested for determining the active ingredients in household vinegar and vitamin C dietary supplement tablets. Quantities of acetic acid and ascorbic acid in these products were 5.1% and 980 mg, respectively, agreeing with the quantities determined from volumetric titrations (5.1% and 990 mg) and manufacturer's label (5.0% and 1000 mg).
February 2018
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439 Reads
A gravimetric method for the quantitative assessment of the products of electrolysis of water is presented. In this approach, the electrolysis cell was directly powered by 9 V batteries. Prior to electrolysis, a known amount of potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHP) was added to the cathode compartment, and an excess amount of KHCO 3 was added to the anode compartment electrolyte. During electrolysis, cathode and anode compartments produced OH ⁻ (aq) and H ⁺ (aq) ions, respectively. Electrolytically produced OH ⁻ (aq) neutralized the KHP, and the completion of this neutralization was detected by a visual indicator color change. Electrolytically produced H ⁺ (aq) reacted with HCO 3⁻ (aq) liberating CO 2 (g) from the anode compartment. Concurrent liberation of H 2 (g) and O 2 (g) at the cathode and anode, respectively, resulted in a decrease in the mass of the cell. Mass of the electrolysis cell was monitored. Liberation of CO 2 (g) resulted in a pronounced effect of a decrease in mass. Experimentally determined decrease in mass (53.7 g/Faraday) agreed with that predicted from Faraday’s laws of electrolysis (53.0 g/Faraday). The efficacy of the cell was tested to quantify the acid content in household vinegar samples. Accurate results were obtained for vinegar analysis with a precision better than 5% in most cases. The cell offers the advantages of coulometric method and additionally simplifies the circuitry by eliminating the use of a constant current power source or a coulometer.
February 2016
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190 Reads
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46 Citations
Journal of Chemical Education
Interlocking toy building blocks (e.g., Lego) as chemistry learning modules for blind and visually impaired (BVI) students in high school and undergraduate introductory or general chemistry courses are presented. Building blocks were assembled on a baseplate to depict the relative changes in the periodic properties of elements. Modules depicting the electron configuration of an element and molecular orbital theory were also constructed. Modules were presented as a hands-on learning experience for a group of BVI students followed by a survey. Modules were also presented as classroom demonstration for an undergraduate general chemistry class of sighted students.
February 2015
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12 Reads
Journal of Chemical Education
A guide for instructors and laboratory assistants to prepare several aqueous reagents used in an undergraduate laboratory is presented. Dilute reagents consisting of OH-(aq), Fe2+(aq), and Sn2+(aq) were prepared by electrolytic reduction of the respective precursors at the cathode. Concurrently, water was electrolyzed at the anode. A known mass of anhydrous Na2CO3 (a primary standard) was added to the anode compartment. Electrolytically produced H+(aq) ions were titrated in situ against Na2CO3 using bromophenol blue indicator. The electrolysis was promptly stopped when the indicator changed color from blue to yellow. The amount of H+(aq) produced at the anode was determined from the mass of Na2CO3. Because the same current passed through the electrolysis cell, the stoichiometric relation between the cathode and anode reactions facilitated the determination of the reagent prepared at the cathode. The concentration of reagent prepared at the cathode was independently confirmed by the volumetric titration method. The electrolysis cell, powered by 18 V dc power supply, eliminated the requirement of a coulometer or a constant current power source. Setup of an electrolysis cell and experimental details for preparing reagents are presented.Keywords: General Public; First-Year Undergraduate/General; Analytical Chemistry; Laboratory Instruction; Hands-On Learning/Manipulatives; Acids/Bases; Electrolytic/Galvanic Cells/Potentials
... Specifically, BiOI NSs exhibit large specific area which is beneficial for Ag + adsorption and accumulation on the surface (Fig. S4) [41,42]. The solubility product difference between BiOI (3.3 ×10 − 11 ) and AgI (8.52 ×10 − 17 ) drives the ion exchange reaction between the [BiO] + species in BiOI and surface adsorbed Ag + [43,44], thus generating the new phase of AgI. ...
June 2023
Journal of Chemical Education
... Including this new methods plus learning patterns of students had driven research to find ways of for students to own their knowledge on any science field (Allan et al., 2013;Watson, 2001). Specifically, on chemistry, which many times shows itself as abstract, difficult, monotonous, detach, and far from professional or real life experiences (Gutierrez Mosquera and Barajas Perea, 2019), that is why it becomes necessary to bring modern like gaming (Buendía-Atencio et al., 2022;Jääskä and Aaltonen, 2022;NOURI and Rahimi Meroei, 2021;Porto et al., 2020;Sousa Lima et al., 2019), class Ludic (Maila-Álvarez et al., 2020;Zaragoza Ramos et al., 2016); flipped classroom (Nappa et al., 2021;Peralta-Benítez et al., 2021), video-based learning (Hernández et al., 2014;Londero Balza, 2014); digital content usage (Figueiredo et al., 2016;Liu et al., 2022;Thibaut and Schroeder, 2022), and interactive platforms (Athavan Alias Anand, 2021;Christiansen, 2021;Dabke et al., 2022), that allowed revitalize the learning of concepts as well as to heal the wrong and "a priori" concept of chemistry as a difficult science. ...
June 2022
Journal of Chemical Education
... The opportunities for groups with disabilities to engage with chemistry and in particular practical chemistry are all too rare. Where this has taken place, it has involved, for example, webbased reading, 24,25 the use of QR codes to facilitate knowledge transfer via the spoken word, 26 computational chemistry via talking computers, 27,28 a summer school for preuniversity students, 29 and an undergraduate course where scribes and other guides were used to support a legally blind undergraduate. 30 Health and safety considerations 31,32 are often barriers to prevent such interactions. ...
September 2021
Journal of Chemical Education
... Accordingly, chemists had put significant effort in developing molecular modelling tools, both virtual and physical models in their context to improve students' visualization of three-dimensional (3D) objects such as: VESTA (visualization for electronic and structural analysis) developed for 3D visualization of crystals structures and volumetric data using computers (Momma & Izumi, 2008); 3D structures animated software (Hsin-Kai & Priti, 2004); unit cell visualization tool (Gruber et al., 2020;Rodenbough, Vanti & Chan, 2015); and ball and stick models (Dickenson et al., 2020;Elsworth, Li, & Ten, 2017;Rossi, Benaglia, Brenna, Porta, & Orlandi, 2015;Sow, Udalagama, & Lim, 2013), and they reported context based developed intervention mechanisms were improved students' mental visualization of three-dimensional order of crystals structures, and improved students' metacognitive skills. Besides, Melaku and Dabke (2021) locally constructed (context-based) chemistry teaching matererials by interlocking toy building blocks (e.g., Lego) and used to depict chemistry concepts of Lewis structures, chemical bonding, conjugate acid-base pairs, types of chemical reactions, irregularity in ionization energy trends, and the decay of a radioactive isotope, and they reported that the approach was effective in enhancing students' visualization ability on these concepts. ...
June 2021
Journal of Chemical Education
... Electrochemical titration, a direct method for generating standard solutions, relies on Faraday's law to establish a direct relationship between the charge passing through an electrode and the moles of the analyzed substance reacting [20,58]. This technique, in comparison to conventional titrations, presents advantages such as precise generation of standard solutions without the need for standardized solutions and minimal dilution of the analyzed sample. ...
February 2019
ACS Omega
... 9 Laboratory experiments of an academic interest present coulometric analysis of common household products. 10,11 Several innovative methods demonstrate coulometric devices for inexpensive, rapid, and sensitive analysis. These methods include double-pulse compensation, 14 titration in a liquid drop, 15 application of a paper-based device, 16 and electrode modification with ion-selective membranes. ...
January 2011
... Essa dimensão invisível do conhecimento químico tem potencial para contribuir com a integração dos estudantes com DV em uma classe regular. A proposta é construir modelos de moléculas de aromas conhecidos, como as que estão presentes no pão assado, relacionando com a linguagem simbólica das fórmulas e nomes, conforme ilustrado na Figura 2. Com o tato é possível explorar os conceitos de tabela periódica que estão na Figura 3 usando as representações das magnitudes das propriedades periódicas, que podem ser colocadas em alto relevo com a cola 3 D. O uso de blocos de construção (por exemplo, LEGO) é uma alternativa para o ensino e aprendizagem desses conceitos da Química no ensino médio (MELAKU et al, 2016). Esta atividade é sugerida para ambientes não formais, pois apresenta uma característica lúdica e de metodologia ativa. ...
February 2016
Journal of Chemical Education
... Um exemplo encontrado na literatura e que utilizamos neste roteiro é a determinação do número de transporte do íon hidrônio, H 3 O + , em uma solução aquosa de HCl, utilizando eletrodos de cobre e alaranjado de metila como indicador. 58 Os íons Cu 2+ também migram para o eletrodo de cima, mas como sua mobilidade iônica é menor do que a do íon Vale ressaltar que, como o líquido contido entre os dois eletrodos vai sofrendo alteração, portanto, a resistência desta coluna de eletrólito é alterada e, como o íon hidrônio tem uma mobilidade maior que a do Cu 2+ , a condutância diminui ou a resistência aumenta à medida que o experimento avança. É importante que o experimento seja realizado à corrente constante, então é necessário que a fonte de corrente permita esse ajuste automaticamente, mediante aumento da tensão, já que a resistência aumenta. ...
September 2012
Journal of Chemical Education
... Taking into account the different strengths of the titrants-oxidants, there is the possibility of controlling the selectivity of the target analyte response. Thus, electrogenerated iodine does not oxidize phenolic AOs [55] and retinol [63], while it reacts with thiol-containing AOs [47][48][49][50][51] and ascorbic acid [55,59,60]. On the contrary, hexacyanoferrate(III) ions easily interact with phenolic AOs and ascorbic acid [55] but do not react with S-containing AOs. ...
April 2014
Journal of Chemical Education
... An electrochemical system in which the charge transfer interface is always at equilibrium is called an electrochemically reversible or Nernstian system. 29 A system may show reversible, quasireversible, or irreversible behavior depending on the value of Λ, or experimentally, the scan rate employed (more details 29 In general, the larger the Λ, the more electrochemically reversible is the system: (4) From an experimental data point of view, electrochemical reversibility is reflected in the peak separation (ΔE) of the anodic peak maximum potential (E pa ) and the cathodic peak maximum potential (E pc ) in the cyclic voltammogram. The difference between the anodic and the cathodic peak potentials should be 57 mV for a one-electron redox couple that is chemically and electrochemically reversible at 25°C. ...
August 2012
Journal of Chemical Education