Rajaraman Durai’s research while affiliated with South London Healthcare NHS Trust and other places

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Publications (87)


Practical Application of Using Local Anaesthetics : Surgical Perspectives
  • Article

April 2013

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14 Reads

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1 Citation

Acta Chirurgica Belgica

R Durai

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With reduction in surgical training, surgical trainees may find it difficult deal with local anaesthetic agents because of lack of exposure and knowledge. We have summarised the common usage of local anaesthetics in various situation. The trainees need to gain competence by understanding the basics and practising them under supervision.


Figure 1 Construction of T-shaped mesh
Figure 1 Figure 1 A) Before feeding the suture through the loop B) Passing the suture through the loop C) Completed knot with 6 throws
How to avoid bulky knots when using loop sutures
  • Article
  • Full-text available

January 2013

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146 Reads

Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England

Download



Role of computed tomography in elderly patients with small bowel obstruction

April 2012

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11 Reads

British Journal of Hospital Medicine

Rajaraman Durai

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Ahmad El Gaddal

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Chu Yiu

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[...]

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An 84-year-old woman presented with recurrent vomiting. There was no significant past medical history. Clinical examination revealed minimal abdominal distension and a non-tender abdomen. Blood tests including liver function were unremarkable. Plain X-ray of the abdomen revealed paucity of gas in the intestines. Her condition deteriorated. A computed tomography scan was performed. It revealed small bowel obstruction caused by a gall-stone in the mid small bowel. The patient underwent a laparotomy and enterotomy to remove the gall-stones after which her condition improved.


Figure 1 Schematic representation of the procedure (a = anterior stomach wall; b = staple line; c = internal buried bumper; d = anterior abdominal wall; e = external flange; f = percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube)
Figure 1 Supraclavicular lymph node that was removed using figure of 8 stitch. Subset shows diagrammatic illustration of the same.
Figure 1 Corkscrew and distal fragment construct with (clockwise from top left) proximal fragment, distal locking bolt, set screw and lag screw
Figure-of-eight 'iceberg stitch' facilitates easy removal of supraclavicular lymph nodes

March 2012

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47 Reads

Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England

We describe a novel ‘iceberg stitch’ to facilitate easy removal of supraclavicular lymph nodes. The skin and platysma are incised over the lymph node. Using an artery clip, the fat pad is opened up. Once the lymph node is seen, a figure-of-eight stitch is applied on the visible part of it, using 3/0 monofilament polypropylene with a small atraumatic round body needle. The stitch is used as a stay so that the node can be dissected all around. A figure of eight makes the suture less likely to cut through. The overall risk of tumour seeding is minimised compared to using a tissue holding forceps and rupturing the capsule. Figure 1 Supraclavicular lymph node that was removed using figure of 8 stitch. Subset shows diagrammatic illustration of the same.


Necrotising fasciitis following a caesarean section

January 2012

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25 Reads

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4 Citations




Figure 1 of 1
Laparoscopic retroperitoneal/mesenteric lymph node sampling: A safe and effective technique

October 2011

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172 Reads

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6 Citations

Singapore Medical Journal

Needle aspiration and core biopsies are commonly used to assess retroperitoneal lymph nodes. However, the tissue obtained by this method is insufficient to define and type the tumour. This article demonstrates the feasibility and safety of the laparoscopic approach in obtaining an adequate volume of lymph node tissue for typing. Laparoscopic retroperitoneal lymph node biopsy was performed on 12 patients over a period of five years. A pneumoperitoneum was induced with a Veress needle, and an initial 10-mm trocar was inserted in the sub-umbilical region in order to carry a 30-degree telescope. Two or more 5-mm ports were inserted into the targeted areas under laparoscopic guidance to achieve optimal triangulation in order to access the nodal tissue. The procedure was successful in 11 out of the 12 patients. An average volume of 1.7 cm3 of tissue was harvested for each patient. In one patient with preoperatively undiagnosed portal hypertension, laparoscopy was converted to an open procedure due to bleeding. In all patients, the histology was adequate and contributed to the diagnosis, allowing rapid institution of treatment. The diagnosis was reactive lymphadenopathy in three patients and sarcoidosis in one patient. Seven others suffered from various conditions, including lymphoma, leukaemia, secondary from unknown origin and Castleman's disease. Laparoscopy allows access to perihepatic and perisplenic areas, and is a procedure of choice when needle biopsy is not possible or fails to provide an adequate sample.


Citations (42)


... There are many types of atypical presentations for appendicitis such as hyper-amylasia and testicular pain mimicking pancreatitis or testicular torsion presentations. In Durai et al. study [2], Renu kumar et al. reported a 26-day-old patient pain of representing testicular torsion with associated UDT that finally diagnosed with appendicitis by using of nuclear scintigraphy [3]. indeed, perforated appendix may lead to intraabdominal abscess that may extend to pelvic and presenting scrotal pain [4]. ...

Reference:

Suppurative appendicitis presenting acute scrotal pain: a rare condition may confuse surgeons
Acute Appendicitis Presenting as Hyper-Amylasemia and Testicular Pain
  • Citing Article
  • January 2012

Acta Chirurgica Belgica

... Post birth wound infection can lead to serious abdominal or remote necrotising fasciitis (NF) [1,44,[87][88][89][90][91][92] and STSS [41,43]. NF refers to infection causing necrosis of the superficial and/or deep fascia and subcutaneous tissue [42,45] and has been reported to occur in 1.8 per thousand caesarean births [91]. ...

Necrotising fasciitis following a caesarean section
  • Citing Article
  • January 2012

... Advancements in percutaneous and endoscopic techniques allow diagnosis through minor ambulatory procedures. Laparoscopic abdominal and retroperitoneal lymph node biopsy was previously proven to be feasible and safe in the diagnosis of lympho-proliferative diseases [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] . Biopsy of celiac nodes or hepatic nodes though has been described occasionally in the literature. ...

Laparoscopic retroperitoneal/mesenteric lymph node sampling: A safe and effective technique

Singapore Medical Journal

... As one of the leading causes of nosocomial infection, Clostridioides difficile (formerly Clostridium difficile) infection (CDI) is associated with various clinical outcomes, from mild symptoms to life-threatening colitis and diarrhea 1,2 . The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) mentioned an incidence of approximately 200,000 infections and almost 13,000 fatalities in the US per year in 2019 3 . The main virulence factors of C. difficile, an anaerobic, Gram-positive bacterium, are two toxins, termed TcdA and TcdB 4 . ...

Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Management of Clostridium difficile Infection
  • Citing Article
  • November 2007

Digestive Diseases and Sciences

... On the basis of the NOS scoring system, 14 nonrandomized studies were judged as of a medium quality (NOS score <7), 28,32,34,37,49,[52][53][54][55][57][58][59]62,70 whereas the remaining nonrandomized studies were of a high methodological quality (Table 1 and more details are provided in Table S1, Supplemental Digital Content 1, http://links.lww. com/SLE/A339). ...

Duodenal Ulcer Perforation: A District Hospital Experience
  • Citing Article
  • January 2011

Acta Chirurgica Belgica

... Our patient had a neutrophil of 83.6 and a lymphocyte of 10.9, resulting in an NLR of 7.7, above this threshold. A separate study evaluated patients with acute cholecystitis through retrospective cohort analysis and the development of empyema of the gallbladder [15]. They developed a scoring system, named Lewisham Scoring System, to help diagnose empyema. ...

'Lewisham Scoring System' to Facilitate the Clinical Diagnosis of Empyema
  • Citing Article
  • November 2010

Acta Chirurgica Belgica

... 14 Grekova et al also documented that addition of topical metronidazole in those patients whose swab revealed presence of anaerobic bacteria, lead to rapid relief of spasm of anal sphincter and pain along with enhanced fissure healing (95.6 % healing rate compared with 70.8 % in the control group, p = 0.048). 15 In our study healing rate in participants receiving local antibiotic was 89.7% compared to that without antibiotic 75%. ...

Novel use of povidone iodine in fissure-IN-ANO
  • Citing Article
  • October 2010

Singapore Medical Journal

... A later paper by Durai and Ng [10] demonstrated the feasibility of their novel procedure in a patient who suffered from a perirectal abscess following stapled hemorrhoidopexy; in our case, due to a persistent vacuum loss, the Redivac drainage system was switched to a J-VAC (Ethicon Inc., Somerville, NJ, USA)/VAC sponge combination, where the vacuum can be easily recreated without requiring to change the reservoir. When the presence of a severe inflammation involving tissues is noticed, it is not advisable to stitch the mucosal defect in the rectum, and the only way to keep the rectal wound dry is a constant, low negative pressure therapy [10]. ...

Novel combination Combining J-VAC® and VAC® sponge for draining a rectal wound
  • Citing Article
  • June 2010

Acta Chirurgica Belgica

... Laparoscopic appendicectomy can be difficult in retrocaecal subhepatic appendicitis where dense adhesion or fibrosis is present. To increase the success rate of such difficult laparoscopic appendicectomy, a few helpful technical tips are listed as follows [8]: ...

Successful laparoscopic subhepatic appendicectomy: How to avoid conversion to open in visceral malrotation
  • Citing Article
  • June 2010

ANZ Journal of Surgery

... However, it is often limited to the dermis with epidermal involvement much less frequently seen. [6][7][8] Melanoma is the most common tumor to show epidermotropic cutaneous metastasis. Other solid tumors, such as epithelioid sarcoma and primary lung carcinoma have also been reported. ...

Sister Joseph nodule from a colon cancer in a paraumbilical hernial sac
  • Citing Article
  • May 2010

ANZ Journal of Surgery