Raghvendra Niranjan’s research while affiliated with Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya Sagar and other places

Knowledge of the endemic parasite fauna in freshwater fish is of great importance. Parasites may work together to stress the health of their hosts. Therefore, the present study aimed to focus on the impact of nematode parasitism on Clarias batrachus (C. batrachus) fish health. The objectives of the present study are to evaluate injury to tissues and oxidative damage due to parasitic infestation, which are indications of disturbance of fish health. According to the results of histological examination, the gut, liver, and gills from C. batrachus, infested with nematode parasites were among the organs severely damaged. Due to tissue injury and oxidative stress, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were increased and disturbed the oxidant/antioxidant ratio. Enzymatic antioxidants like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were significantly increased, but glutathione reductase (GR) and non-enzymatic antioxidant i.e., glutathione content (GSH) was significantly decreased. Thus, due to these histological alterations, antioxidant levels significantly affected the health of C. batrachus. Next, we also observed hematologically that, red blood cell (RBCs) and hemoglobin (Hb) levels and mineral content were decreased but white blood cells (WBCs) levels were increased. In liver, we have observed decreased protein, lipid as well as moisture, and ash content but there was an increase in the dry content and glucose levels. In serum biochemical parameters i.e., protein, albumin, globulin, and Albumin/Globulin (A/G) ratio was significantly decreased except glucose level (mg/dl). The increased glucose level may be due to the increase in the breakdown of liver glycogen or decreased synthesis of glycogen indicating the hyperglycemic condition in the infested fish. In conclusion, nematode species have a significant impact on the health status of the fish in culture practices.

The pathological deformities and systemic inflammatory response induced by infection is considered to be an important feature of the pathophysiology of cestode parasite. In this study, it was aimed to determine histopathology, oxidative status and pathological markers for infection as well as check health status. A sample of thirty Heteropneustes fossilis (H. fossilis) fish was used for this purpose, of which fifteen were healthy and fifteen were naturally infected with cestode parasite. After dissection cestode parasite infection was confirmed during the examination of fish. Infected liver tissue was tested for histopathological deformities, oxidative stress parameter malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidants i.e., superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione content (GSH). We used blood serum for estimation of pathological injury markers i.e., Aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT), acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). For health checkup was perform elemental mapping, hematological analysis and some nutrition related biochemical. We found histopathological changes and Oxidative stress i.e., MDA, SOD, CAT and GPx were increased but GR and GSH was decreased in infected liver of H. fossilis. Pathological markers i.e., AST, ALT, ACP and ALP were also increased which are indicate that liver are infected due to cestode parasite. During health check-up we found that, most of minerals was decreased except sodium (Na) in EDS mapping and white blood cells (WBCs) were increased but level of red blood cells (RBCs) decreased. Serum protein (g/dL) was decreased but glucose was (mg/dL) in infected H. fossilis. It can be stated that, histological injuries, oxidative stress and Pathological damage markers may increase in infected tissue which sing of infection as well as nutritional status decreased in naturally infected fishes with cestode parasite.

In the present communication the authors describe the diversity of freshwater fishes in the Bundelkhand region of India. On the basis of available research there are 93 species of fishes reported in Bundelkhand. These fishes comprised of 6 orders and 18 families. Out of six orders Cypriniformes (55%) is the most abundant order in this region followed by Siluriformes (24%), Persiformes (15%), Synbranchiformes (3%), Osteoglossiformes (2%) and Beloniformes (1%). Out of eighteen families the Cyprinidae is the most prevalent among all families. The Result showed 66 fish species found in district Damoh followed by 50 species in Panna,