Rachmad Hermawan’s research while affiliated with IPB University and other places

South Tangerang has green open spaces currently widely used for community recreation, namely City Park 1 BSD and City Park 2 BSD. Recreational activities can contribute to environmental impacts. Life Cycle Assessment is an approach used to trace the impact of each recreational activity. This research aims to inventory inputs and outputs, calculate the magnitude of emissions based on impact categories, and formulate impact control scenarios for recreational activities in green open space, South Tangerang. The main data collected were the characteristics and activity patterns of visitors. At each recreational activity stage, the input type is identified, and the magnitude of emissions is calculated using the basic formula: Emissions = activity data x emission factor. The next stage is interpreting the results by formulating impact control scenarios. The identified inputs are gasoline and diesel fuel, electrical energy, urine, soap, and organic and inorganic solid waste. Emissions of transportation activities are CO2, N2O, CH4, SO2, and NO2; emissions of organic waste processing are N2O and CH4; emissions of inorganic waste processing are CH4; emissions of electricity use are CO2, SO2, and NO2; as well as emissions of using toilets and soapy water are CH4 and PO43–. Recreational activities in City Park 1 BSD produce greater emissions than in City Park 2 BSD, with hotspots in visitor transportation. Impact control can be carried out using two scenarios: limiting motorized vehicles' use and reducing plastic waste.

Hybrid eucalyptus (E. grandis × E. urophylla) plays an important role in the global carbon cycle because it grows so fast that it is necessary to know how much biomass and carbon are produced. This study aims to develop an allometric equation for estimating the biomass and carbon content stored in Eucalyptus stands. Data were obtained through destructive sampling of 75 trees, then dried in an oven and analyzed to get the most appropriate biomass value and allometric model. The study results showed that the developed polynomial model correlated well with DBH to predict biomass with an R-squared of 97.50. Age 1 with an average diameter of 3.23 cm = 2.50 tons C/ha or 9.17 tons of CO2e, age 2 with an average diameter of 9.33 = 21.30 tons C/ha or 78.16 tons CO2e, age 3 with an average diameter of 9.49 cm = 22.50 tons C/ha or 82.57 tons CO2e, age 4 with an average diameter of 11.62 cm = 38.61 tons C/ha or 141.68 tons CO2e, age 5 with an average diameter of 12.63 cm = 46.42 tons C/ha or 170.37 tons CO2e. The carbon stock results show that as the age of the stand increases, the carbon reserves stored also increase. Keywords: allometric model, biomass, carbon stock, hybrid eucalyptus

Urban forest is a form of green open space in the urban area. The use of information and communication technology based on smart tourism is an important factor in providing facilities for recreational areas. This research aims to formulate smart tourism-based development at PSBUF for recreation based on resources, management and preferences of visitors and the surrounding community. Data collection methods used were literature studies, field observation, questionnaires, and interviews. The data analysis used were qualitative, quantitative descriptive, and SWOT. Pesanggrahan Sangga Buana Urban Forest (PSBUF) has the potential to develop smart tourism-based facilities for recreation. Standard recreational facilities are available in the form of prayer rooms, toilets, gazebos, jogging tracks, parking lots, badminton courts and football fields. Urban forest management is carried out by EFG Sangga Buana with supervision by the DKI Jakarta Parks and Urban Forest Service. EFG Sangga Buana strives to preserve the environment in the DKI Jakarta area with facilities that do not disturb the surrounding ecosystem. The existence of jogging tracks and sports fields is still lacking. The biggest motivation for visiting the urban forest is to refresh the mind from daily boredom. Public facilities that are really needed are rubbish bins. Respondents need for smart tourism facilities in the form of CCTV is the highest. Recommendations for the development of facilities are optimizing potential, maximizing management cooperation, increasing PSBUF promotions, and optimizing coordination between managers.

Coal mining plays a vital role in Indonesia's economic growth. However, these activities negatively impact the environment. To minimize this, the Indonesian government requires ex-mining land to be reclaimed, with one of the success criteria being canopy cover. Until now, there has been no measurable method that can determine the success rate of canopy cover on reclaimed land. This research was conducted to develop a measurement method based on remote sensing data using the Forest Canopy Density (FCD) Model, which is applied in Company X, Kutai Kertanegara. The FCD Model consisted of four biophysical indices, including AVI, BSI, SI, and TI, obtained from Landsat 8 OLI TIRS imagery from 2013–2021. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test was performed before testing the relationship between FCD values and canopy cover using linear regression to obtain the canopy cover success value based on the FCD value. The FCD showed an increasing trend yearly, especially in the first two years after planting. Regression analysis showed a strong relationship between FCD values and canopy cover values, with R2=0.775, and revealed that 75.35 is the FCD value threshold for a successful canopy cover in the reclamation area. This study shows that the FCD approach can be applied to determine the success rate of reclamation in post-mining areas.

Setu Subdistrict, Bekasi Regency is an area designated as urban forest development for providers of cultural environmental services. The purpose is to identify the community's perceptions, motivations, and preferences around the urban forest. Primary data collection by questionnaire to 31 people was determined purposively and analyzed quantitatively using a 4-point Likert Scale. Calculation of air temperature and humidity, thermal comfort, biomass with allometric methods, and CO2 absorption to support recommendations for attractions. The results show that community knowledge, benefits, and functions of urban forests are well known. People visit urban forests because they provide comfort and good air quality so that they are physically and mentally healthy. Community preferences are in the form of harvesting honey and developing urban forests together so that they can participate further. The potential of the urban forest in cultural environmental services can be developed through the provision of massive information and counseling, the development of tourist attractions in the form of forest healing, educational, and culinary tourism, also panoramic and landscape attractions. With the relative humidity of 60% and the thermal comfort of 25.2 oC, categorized as quite comfortable, the development of health therapy tourism can be considered.

Environmental problems and their solutions must be introduced to students from an early age through Environmental Education (PLH). One of PLH’s implementations is the Adiwiyata Program. The success of the Adiwiyata Program can be measured by examining differences in knowledge, positive attitudes, and positive behavior towards environmental problems and solutions. This study aimed to analyze quantitatively and qualitatively differences in knowledge, positive attitudes and positive behavior regarding the environment in school that has participated and that who has not participated in the Adiwiyata Program. Data were analyzed using a Likert scale with three categories: 1) good, 2) quite good, and 3) not good. Mann-Whitney U Test analysis was conducted to test the significance of the difference between the two groups of respondents. There was a difference in knowledge, attitudes, behavior and PLH scores in school that has participated in the Adiwiyata Program and that who has not. There was also a difference in student knowledge but not significant between schools participating in the Adiwiyata Program and not participating in the program. Students who participated in the Adiwiyata Program had better PLH scores than those who did not follow the Adiwiyata program

The first incidence of the novel coronavirus or Covid-19 was reported in late 2019, and in the following year, the disease was declared a global pandemic. In Indonesia, the first case was reported in early March, 2020, and ever since, the government has appealed to the public to reduce outdoor activities in order to curtail the spread of the virus. Consequently, many companies and institutions implemented the 'Work from Home' (WFH) policy. At the end of April, the provincial government of Jakarta issued large-scale social restrictions, locally called PSBB. These restrictions were later implemented in other cities such as Surabaya. Jakarta was the epicenter of the spread of the virus in Indonesia, followed by Surabaya, the second-largest city in the country. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the Thermal Humidity Index (THI) of both cities, before and during the pandemic. Data were obtained from the MODIS Terra Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity 8-Day Global 1km, from the 1st to 14th May 2019 (before the pandemic), and during the same period the following year (during the pandemic). Furthermore, data analysis was carried out using Google Earth Engine (GEE), a cloud-based platform for geo-spatial data analysis. The hypothesis in this study was that the social restriction policy caused a difference in the THI before and during the pandemic. Therefore, this hypothesis was proven by the results, as the policy caused a decrease in the THI during the pandemic.

Oil palm is a strategic mainstay product with a crucial role in the national economy, and it can also be carbon sink to mitigate the negative impact of global warming when managed in environmentally friendly manner. Therefore, management and surrounding community need to have an understanding of the environment, and pro-environmental attitude and behaviour. Action research, which aimed at mitigating global warming through the local action of environmental education (EE), was conducted toward oil palm plantation employee and surrounding community. The EE programme was expected to be able to shape understanding and pro-environmental attitude and behaviour in the target group. Rapid observation and interview were carried out in collecting data for EE programme development. A needs assessment was conducted in developing the EE subject; based on local environmental problems and gap of target group’s perception of the problems. Global warming-related environmental problems found in the location included air temperature increase, drought and difficulty in determining planting season. Spatial analysis based on 1989 and 2014 satellite imagery showed a decrease of the water body, tree vegetated land and open areas, and an increase in non-tree vegetated land and built land, accompanied by an increase in areas with higher temperature range. Both employees and the community had a good knowledge of the environment, but less in conservation. The environmental education provided for them had been able to increase their perception on environmental conservation. However, repetition and intensive assistance are still needed to strengthen the perception