Rachel E. Brackenridge’s research while affiliated with University of Aberdeen and other places

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Publications (45)


Fig. 1 Typical VFT and PFT views at the same locality of Bartlett Wash, Utah, USA. The task at this locality is to study the fault and its damage zone and consider the impact on subsurface fluid flow. a View from 2021 VFT: virtual outcrop imported from SafariDB (collected and processed by VOG Group) and viewed in LIME (Buckley et al. 2019) with additional material including 2D panels (e.g. graphs and logs), photos and 360° photo spheres. b View from 2023 PFT of the students being given an illustrated explanation of locality on a whiteboard
Fig. 2 Map illustrating localities visited across the Utah field trips. a The virtual field trip map of localities visited which totalled 60 hypothetical driving distance between localities in the order presented would have resulted in 3998.2 km of driving. b The physical field trip map of localities visited which totalled 44 driving distance over the course of the field trip totalled 2112 km. The virtual field trip localities are more numerous and present a wider geographic spread. Foundation map from Google Maps, Default and Terrain, Map data November 2023
Fig. 3 Daily average of the three main themes of active work, breaks and travel or the VFT and PFT
Fig. 4 Detailed duration analysis across overall field trip including active work, breaks and travel activities
Activity category descriptors for the Utah VFT and PFT
Quantifying Virtual Field Trip Efficiency
  • Article
  • Full-text available

November 2024

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108 Reads

PFG – Journal of Photogrammetry Remote Sensing and Geoinformation Science

J. H. Pugsley

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R. Brackenridge

The efficiency of virtual field trips (VFTs) compared to their physical counterparts, is often regarded as one of their key benefits. Virtual field trips are typically more time, cost and environmentally efficient and logistically easier to plan and execute. This is largely due to the lack of travel, however, the nature of these efficiencies, which is essential for deciding whether a trip should be virtual, physical or blended, have not previously been quantified. Here we present a quantitative evaluation of several measures of efficiency, using data from a like-for-like comparison between 10 day long virtual and physical field trips to Utah, USA, from the University of Aberdeen, UK. For this case study, our results demonstrate that virtual field trips are more efficient across all the categories of time, cost, environmental impact, and logistics. In addition to saved air travel days at the start and end of the physical trip, a further 33.3% of the time on the physical field trip was spent travelling (walking and driving). This time saving allowed an additional 16 localities to be visited on the virtual field trip. The virtual field trip localities also ran in an order that best suited the geological narrative rather than their geographic location which the physical field trip was restricted by. Flights and driven kilometres for the physical trip produced c. 4 t of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO 2 ) per student. The virtual trip produce <1% of the CO 2 and was comparable to a typical teaching week, making it significantly more environmentally efficient. The cost of the virtual trip was negligible compared to that of the physical trip (saving up to £ 3000 GBP per student). These findings were compared to the fulfilment of learning outcomes, quantified primarily through questionnaires, the student responses suggest that the PFT and VFT perceptions of learning outcomes were generally comparable. Efficiency is not the only measure of a successful field trip, with other parameters such as social cohesion and embodiment within the outdoor environment that must also be considered when planning a field trip. Therefore, the authors do not advocate or support an abandonment of physical field trips. Rather, this study aims to provide a first attempt to quantify efficiency to inform decision making when planning field training.

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Citations (23)


... Limited halite and the presence of continuous carbonates implies marginal Zechstein facies in a predominantly platform-slope environment (Smith 1989;Tucker 1991). This is further supported by the presence of thick Z1 Hayton Anhydrite confirming the onshore extension of the Z1 Werraanhydrit Platform (Garland et al. 2023;Houghton et al. 2024). Thickening of the Z1 Cadeby Formation towards well Whenby-1 suggests more platform-associated facies towards the west which is consistent with published Z1 paleogeographical models (Smith 1989;Fyfe and Underhill 2023a, b). ...

Reference:

Basin Transection in the Vale of Pickering, North Yorkshire: Implications for Energy Resources and Geological Storage
The search for “Jenyon’s Channel”: The missing link between the Permian basins in the North Sea

Marine and Petroleum Geology

... Noteworthily, components of the ZSG were repeatedly remobilised throughout the Mesozoic and Cenozoic to form complex salt structures (van Hoorn, 1987;Stewart and Coward, 1995;Geluk, 1999;Underhill, 2003;Peryt et al., 2010;Pharaoh et al., 2010;Grant et al., 2019), which controlled later structural (halokinetic) styles and depositional patterns across a vast portion of the SPB (van Hoorn, 1987;Stewart and Coward, 1995;Stewart, 1996;Stewart, 2007). For these specific reasons, the ZSG of the Southern North Sea has attracted particular scientific attention for carbon storage purposes (Underhill et al., 2009;Brackenridge et al., 2023;Sutton et al., 2024). ...

Late Permian Evaporite Facies Variation in the Forth Approaches Basin, North Sea: Implications for Hydrogen Storage
  • Citing Article
  • May 2023

Geoenergy

... Second, VFTs offer autonomy in terms of spatial and temporal access, freeing students and teachers from external environmental factors (Boyle et al., 2007;Pugsley et al., 2021). Within VLEs, students can move freely, which is especially advantageous for those with physical difficulties, enhancing accessibility (Elleven et al., 2006). ...

Virtual field trips utilizing virtual outcrop: construction, delivery and implications for the future

... Generating synthetic geomechanical logs (Eshkalak et al. 2013;Li et al. 2018;He and Misra 2019), reservoir characterization from performance data (Kulga et al. 2018), rock classification (Ahmadov and Ruse 2022), and petrophysical and geochemical characterization (Xu et al. 2023) are among the example applications for the characterization of shale and tight reservoirs. Physical modeling of logging tools, well and reservoir surveillance, automated data quality control, pseudodata generation, and operational logging/coring guidance are other potential uses of data analytics and machine learning in the area of reservoir characterization (Brackenridge et al. 2022;Xu et al. 2019). ...

Improving Subsurface Characterisation with ‘Big Data’ Mining and Machine Learning

... It contributes significantly to understanding spatial concepts through the provision of a sense of presence in the learning sites (Fitzsimons and Farren, 2016;Zhao et al., 2022). Additionally, it can give the positive opportunities of geological understanding, interpretation, and application through the observation of virtual outcrops (Pugsley et al., 2021). ...

Virtual Fieldtrips: construction, delivery, and implications for future geological fieldtrips

... The finer unit is deposited under very low or absent current control and may also reflect hemipelagic deposition (e.g. Stow and Faugères 2008;Yu et al. 2020). The coarser unit is typically settled from the suspended ...

Contourite porosity, grain size and reservoir characteristics
  • Citing Article
  • April 2020

Marine and Petroleum Geology

... In the UK SNS, the Laramide event is less evident than elsewhere in the Anglo-Polish Basin, but it is seen to coincide with the transition from chalk to mudstone deposition (Fig. 2). Finally, a period of tilt in the Neogene led to a progressive subcropping (and outcropping) of older sequences towards the west (Brackenridge et al. 2020). ...

Structural and Stratigraphic Evolution of the Mid North Sea High Region of the UK Continental Shelf

Petroleum Geoscience

... The activity encompasses the Palu Koro, Walanae, Matano, Hamilton, and Sorong (south Sula-Sorong) faults, as well as subduction troughs represented by North Sulawesi, Sangihe, Tolo, and the Batui and Sula trusts. The Palu Koro fault, the Sulawesi trough, and the Sangihe trough are the predominant tectonic causes contributing to disaster development in the Sulawesi region [6], [7]. ...

Indonesian Throughflow as a preconditioning mechanism for submarine landslides in the Makassar Strait

Geological Society London Special Publications

... This cyclicity is considered to represent repeated sequences of grain size variation at various (orbital) scales. Many studies describe this contouritic seismic cyclicity (e.g., Llave et al., 2001Llave et al., , 2020Vandorpe et al., 2011;Liu et al., 2020), although most do not include a proper spectral analysis, instead inferring the presence of an orbital control by counting the number of visually distinct seismic units within a known time interval. A well-developed cyclostratigraphic pattern has been identified in the Gulf of Cadiz contourite depositional system with spectral analyses on normalized gamma ray logs time-series (Hernández-Molina et al., 2016), showing orbital cyclicity in the range of the Milanković temporal cycles (22 kyr, 23 kyr and 24.5 kyr precession, 44 kyr and 55 kyr obliquity and 85 kyr, 96 kyr, and 105 kyr shortterm eccentricity) and periods of 406 kyr and 420 kyr correlated with long-term eccentricity cycles. ...

Contourites along the Iberian continental margins: conceptual and economic implications
  • Citing Article
  • October 2019

Geological Society London Special Publications

... The circulation of water masses around Iberia leads to the development of bottom currents and rather unknown associated oceanographic processes, some of which impinge upon the seafloor with relatively high velocity and interact along the continental slope. The resulting contourite erosional and depositional features comprise extensive, complex and often poorly known CDSs in various geological settings, consituting valuable sedimentary records of margins evolution (see compilation from Hernandez-Molina et al., 2011;Llave et al., 2015aLlave et al., , 2015b. Therefore, the present work has three main objectives: (1) to combine previous work and new data on describing persistent or intermittent oceanographic processes associated with bottom currents circulation along the Iberia continental margins; (2) to evaluate their role in determining the shape, potential sedimentary products and evolution of the margins; and (3) to propose some future considerations contemplating the implications of these findings. ...

Deep water circulation around the Iberian continental margin: state of art and future implications
  • Citing Chapter
  • January 2014