R.W.D. Bell’s scientific contributions

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Publications (3)


Letter to the editor (multiple letters) [6]
  • Article

January 1997

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1 Read

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K.T. Rahman

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R.W.D. Bell

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[...]

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R.F.M. Gardner

Warming lignocaine reduces the pain of injection during local anaesthetic eyelid surgery

February 1996

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38 Reads

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34 Citations

Eye (London, England)

The injection of local anaesthetic solutions is frequently a painful and unpleasant experience for patients. A double-masked randomised controlled trial was performed to study the potential benefit of warming lignocaine during local anaesthetic minor surgical procedures on the eyelids. The pain of subcutaneous injection of 1.5 ml of 2% lignocaine at room temperature (cold) and body temperature (warm) was compared in 60 patients during the surgical incision of solitary meibomian cysts of one eyelid. Patients were randomly allocated to receive either warm or cold lignocaine. Pain was assessed subjectively by the use of a linear analogue pain scale ranging from 0 to 100. The median pain score for the group receiving cold anaesthetic (19.5) was found to be greater than that for the warm group (10.0; p = 0.02). In conclusion, the simple process of warming lignocaine to 37 degrees C was found to reduce the pain associated with its injection significantly. It is recommended that this technique be more widely adopted in order to minimise patients' discomfort.


Warming lignocaine reduces the pain of injection during peribulbar local anesthesia for cataract surgery

November 1995

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45 Reads

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40 Citations

The British journal of ophthalmology

To test if the simple technique of warming lignocaine reduces the pain of injection during local anaesthetic cataract surgery. Sixty patients undergoing peribulbar local anaesthesia for cataract surgery were allocated randomly to receive either warm (37 degrees C) or cold (room temperature) plain 2% lignocaine for the injection. Pain was assessed subjectively by asking the patients to score their pain from 0 (no pain) to 10 (most severe pain imaginable). The mean pain score for the warm group was 2.3 (SD 1.3) in comparison with a mean score of 5.5 (1.0) for the cold group (p < 0.01). The process of warming lignocaine to 37 degrees C has been found to reduce significantly the pain of injection during peribulbar local anaesthesia. It is recommended that this technique be more widely adopted in order to minimise patient's discomfort.

Citations (2)


... pain perceived is also less with warmed or alkanized solution. (9,10,11,12,13,14) MATERIAL AND METHOD This is a prospective single blinded control study.100 patients were taken divided into 4 grpups of 25 patients each to receive a peribulbar injection from any one of the following solutions: Group (Gr) Co: 10 ml of plain 2% lidocaine solution at room temperature, 18°C (Control group) Gr Wo: 10 ml of 2% lidocaine solution at 37°C Gr Bo: 10 ml of 2% lidocaine solution buffered to an estimated pH of 7.09 ± 0.10 Gr WBo: 10 ml of 2% lidocaine solution at 37°C buffered to an estimated pH of 6.92 ...

Reference:

EFFECT OF ALKANISATION AND WARMING OF LIDOCAINE FOR PAIN REDUCTION IN PERIBULBAR ANAESTHESIA
Warming lignocaine reduces the pain of injection during peribulbar local anesthesia for cataract surgery
  • Citing Article
  • November 1995

The British journal of ophthalmology

... [13] It has been proven that employing this strategy reduces discomfort when local anesthetics are being injected during ophthalmological and plastic surgical procedures. [14][15][16] Despite a lack of research estimating the efficiency of using warm LA in children's dentistry, it is not widely practiced. [1,2] Another method for minimizing pain perception is to precool the injection site. ...

Warming lignocaine reduces the pain of injection during local anaesthetic eyelid surgery
  • Citing Article
  • February 1996

Eye (London, England)