R. Wood's research while affiliated with Royal Veterinary College and other places

... In addition to SCC, DJD to the APJs might result in narrowing or obliteration of the intervertebral foramina and compression of the cervical spinal nerve roots where they exit the vertebral column, causing neck pain, stiffness, and forelimb lameness.4,18 While oblique radiographic views arguably provide more accurate radiographic evaluation of the APJs than latero-lateral views, when compared with CT imaging, the sensitivity for identification of DJD is low, although the specificity is relatively high.19 Regardless, further evaluation of the cervical vertebral column can be advantageous in horses presenting for neurological dys-function that includes ataxia or deficits in proprioception, abnormal head carriage or position, focal muscle wastage, lameness that cannot be localized with diagnostic anesthesia to the pelvic or thoracic limbs and abnormal or occasionally sudden exaggerated behavioral responses, in particular in response to flexion or extension of the neck. ...