R. R. Cocking’s research while affiliated with American University and other places

... Research has shown that knowledge of mathematics in preschool correlates .46 with 10th-grade math achievement (Stevenson & Newman, 1986) and successfully predicts math achievement through age 15 years even after accounting for early reading, cognitive skills, and family and child characteristics (Watts et al., 2014). For many topics and abilities, initial knowledge predicts learning and later knowledge (Bransford, Brown, & Cocking, 2008;Jimerson, Egeland, & Teo, 1999;Thomson, Rowe, Underwood, & Peck, 2005;Wright, 1994). However, the effect of early knowledge of mathematics is unusually strong and notably persistent (Duncan, Claessens, & Engel, 2004). ...

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Processes in the development of mathematics in kindergarten children from Title 1 schools

... The situated perspective addresses this issue by considering the context-dependent nature of knowledge. Specifically, the situatedlearning perspective is based on the ideas that (a) "collective knowing" among groups complements learners' "individual knowing" (Greeno et al., 1996), and (b) the potential for successful learning transfer increases when the context of learning reflects the context of knowledge use (Bransford et al., 1999). However, a common issue in deploying situated learning-based pedagogies is the difficulty bridging current education with "authentically" situated activities (Herrington & Oliver, 1995). ...

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Understanding Peer Interactions in Undergraduate Engineering Education

... The second domain of PCK is pedagogical knowledge, which includes skills and knowledge on teaching and learning of the subject matter (Schulman, 2013). It directs attention to how individuals assimilate learning, thus involving an understanding of educational psychology and the mechanisms by which learners gain knowledge (Bransford et al., 2000), as listed in Fig. 1 below. Pedagogical knowledge encapsulates the teaching competencies that enable teachers to craft educational content, organise instruction, and apply teaching strategies that are productive for pupils' learning. ...

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Facilitating development of pedagogical content knowledge among in-service teachers of English in continuing education

... Real-world connections make learning relevant and transferable, increasing student engagement and retention of information. Formative assessment provides ongoing feedback to improve learning outcomes for both students and instructors [16][17][18]. ...

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Future-Ready Transport, Shipping, and Logistics: Rethinking Competence and Skills in Response to Climate Change