R McConnell's research while affiliated with Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai and other places
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Publications (7)
Cholinesterase activity was determined in extracts of muscle tissue from 28 species of fish. Flatfish and sea bass muscle were found to be particularly high in activity. Fish muscle cholinesterase from 11 high-activity species was separated from a small amount (1–10%) of acetylcholinesterase and further characterized kinetically. The KMs ranged fro...
A semiquantitative tintometric field kit has been used in the developing world for almost 30 years to measure whole blood cholinesterase levels in persons exposed to organophosphate pesticides. The validity of this screening kit was evaluated among 79 workers heavily exposed to organophosphates by comparison with a reference assay for erythrocyte c...
The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the usefulness of the Northwestern Nicaraguan Ministry of Health surveillance system for detecting pesticide poisonings.
Cases were reported to the regional department of epidemiology through daily telephone reports and through monthly consolidated reports from each of the 18 health centers of the Nation...
In studies in developing countries, closed systems for mechanically mixing and loading hazardous pesticides have been shown to reduce exposure to workers. To evaluate the efficacy of closed systems in preventing worker exposure in the developing world, a cross sectional study was conducted at rural crop dusting airports in the cotton growing region...
A cross-sectional medical survey was conducted among 63 Nicaraguan aviation mechanics exposed to organophosphate and other toxic pesticides. Thirty-one (49 percent) reported having been acutely poisoned on the job. Also, seven of 14 novice mechanics, with less than one year on the job, reported that they had been poisoned. Thirty-eight (61 percent)...
We have optimized Ellman-type plasma and erythrocyte cholinesterase assays for the field determination of pesticide exposure. The assays employ stable, premixed, inexpensive colorimetric reagents and a simplified kinetic measurement procedure using a novel battery-operable light-emitting-diode-source colorimeter (LEDSC). These methods were compared...
We describe here a field method we developed for colorimetry of erythrocytic acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7) in capillary blood samples. Three stable, premixed assay reagents and de-ionized water (but no centrifuge or balance) are required. This method, adapted for a microplate format, is essentially that of Ellman et al. (Biochem Pharmacol 1961;...
Citations
... Besides, BChE can hydrolyse hydrophobic and hydrophilic compounds with carboxylic and phosphoric acid esters, working as a possible endogenous scavenger of anticholinergic compounds. In fact, BChE is more sensitive to anticholinesterasic compounds than AChE in fish (Magnotti et al., 1994;Wogram et al., 2001). ...
... 726). Along with McConnell et al.'s (1990, 1992) descriptions of pesticide-control measures implemented by the Sandinistas in the 1980s, these studies provide historical context to the extent that it helps to explain pesticide exposures and access to the data they have analyzed. McConnell and Hruska (1993) go slightly further, referring to 'a series of social reforms, including redistribution of agricultural land to small farmers, and universal health coverage' (p. ...
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... The face-to-face questionnaire, the environmental survey, and the measurements of the blood AChE and PChE levels with the Test-Mate OP Kit (EQM Inc, June field, Ohio) were administered in December 2012. This field assay used a modified Ellman method (Ellman et al., 1961) and received extensive field and lab testings (Magnotti et al., 1987;Magnotti Jr. et al., 1988;McConnell et al., 1990;Cole, et al., 1988). AChE activity, measured as absorbance, was corrected for ambient temperature and hemoglobin. ...
... One of the side effects of organo-phosphorus pesticides (OPPs) is that they block the mammalian acetylcholinesterase (AChE). This leads to the development of clinical signs related to several areas of the nervous system (24,25). Acetylcholine levels will be automatically increased and accumulate in the muscles once cholinesterase is inhibited causing muscle disruption (26). ...
... The anticholinesterase activity levels of the different A. canariense L. extracts were estimated using a QuantiChromTM kit, IACE-100, (BioAssay Systems, Hayward, CA, USA). The acetylcholinesterase inhibitor screening kit is dependent on an enzymecatalyzed kinetic reaction [45]. The enzyme source, according to the manufacturer's instructions, is E. electricus. ...
... Cholinesterase depletion is well correlated with use of organophosphate pesticides during the farming season [8,31]. In some earlier studies, AChE inhibition was found to be significantly associated with OP pesticide toxicity3233. AChE inhibition was observed among desert farm workers exposed to OP and carbamates [34]. The depletion of AChE reported in the UAE workers occupationally exposed to OP pesticides correlated well with the frequency of usage and length of use [8,3536. ...
... This causes an annual 200,000-350,000 deaths due to acute poisoning [11][12][13][14][15][16] not only in adults and also children [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. Probably many more cases (several million) of poisoning in human subjects who are "chronically" exposed to pesticides every year remain undetected [25][26][27][28][29][30]. ...
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