R. L. Thompson's research while affiliated with Norwegian Institute for Air Research and other places
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Publications (33)
The effect of the 2018 extreme meteorological conditions in Europe on methane (CH 4 ) emissions is examined using estimates from four atmospheric inversions calculated for the period 2005–2018. For most of Europe, we find no anomaly in 2018 compared to the 2005–2018 mean. However, we find a positive anomaly for the Netherlands in April, which coinc...
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Plain Language Summary
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is the third most important greenhouse gase (GHG) after CO2 and CH4 causing global warming. Among world regions, North America (defined herein as U.S., Canada, and Mexico) is the second largest source of N2O emissions globally, and previous source estimates for this region vary widely. This study aims to p...
The 2018 drought was one of the worst European droughts of the twenty-first century in terms of its severity, extent and duration. The effects of the drought could be seen in a reduction in harvest yields in parts of Europe, as well as an unprecedented browning of vegetation in summer. Here, we quantify the effect of the drought on net ecosystem ex...
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is the third most important long-lived GHG and an important stratospheric ozone depleting substance. Agricultural practices and the use of N-fertilizers have greatly enhanced emissions of N2O. Here, we present estimates of N2O emissions determined from three global atmospheric inversion frameworks during the period 1998–2016. We...
Atmospheric measurements show an increase in CH4 from the 1980s to 1998 followed by a period of near-zero growth until 2007. However, from 2007, CH4 has increased again. Understanding the variability in CH4 is critical for climate prediction and climate change mitigation. We examine the role of CH4 sources and the dominant CH4 sink, oxidation by th...
Benzene (C6H6) and toluene (C7H8) are toxic to humans and the environment. They are also important precursors of ground-level ozone and secondary organic aerosols and contribute substantially to severe air pollution in urban areas in China. Discrepancies exist between different bottom-up inventories for benzene and toluene emissions in Pearl River...
A new coastal background site has been established for observations of
greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the central Namib Desert at Gobabeb, Namibia. The
location of the site was chosen to provide observations for a data-poor
region in the global sampling network for GHGs. Semi-automated continuous
measurements of carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide,...
We present methane (CH4) emissions for East Asia from a Bayesian inversion of CH4 mole fraction and stable isotope (δ13C-CH4) measurements. Emissions were estimated at monthly resolution from 2000 to 2011. A posteriori, the total emission for East Asia increased from 43 ± 4 to 59 ± 4 Tg y−1 between 2000 and 2011, owing largely to the increase in em...
A new coastal background site has been established for observations of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the central Namib Desert at Gobabeb, Namibia. The location of the site was chosen to provide observations for a data-poor region in the global sampling network for GHGs. Semi-automated, continuous measurements of carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide,...
European CH4 and N2O emissions are estimated for 2006 and 2007 using four inverse modelling systems, based on different global and regional Eulerian and Lagrangian transport models. This ensemble approach is designed to provide more realistic estimates of the overall uncertainties in the derived emissions, which is particularly important for verify...
We present a new modular Bayesian inversion framework, called FLEXINVERT, for estimating the surface fluxes of atmospheric trace species. FLEXINVERT can be applied to determine the spatio-temporal flux distribution of any species for which the atmospheric loss (if any) can be described as a linear process and can be used on continental to regional...
We present a new modular Bayesian inversion framework, called FLEXINVERT,
for estimating the surface fluxes of atmospheric trace species. FLEXINVERT
can be applied to determine the spatio-temporal flux distribution of any
species for which the atmospheric loss (if any) can be described as a linear
process and can be used on continental to regional...
This study examines N2O emission estimates from 5 different atmospheric inversion frameworks. The 5 frameworks differ in the choice of atmospheric transport model, meteorological data, prior uncertainties and inversion method but use the same prior emissions and observation dataset. The mean emissions for 2006 to 2008 are compared in terms of the s...
This study examines N2O emission estimates from 5 different atmospheric inversion frameworks. The 5 frameworks differ in the choice of atmospheric transport model, meteorological data, prior uncertainties and inversion method but use the same prior emissions and observation dataset. The mean emissions for 2006 to 2008 are compared in terms of the s...
European CH4 and N2O emissions are estimated for 2006 and 2007 using four independent inverse modelling systems, based on different global and regional Eulerian and Lagrangian transport models. This ensemble approach is designed to provide more realistic estimates of the overall uncertainties in the derived emissions, which is particularly importan...
Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) has a global warming potential of around 22 800 over a 100-year time horizon and is one of the greenhouse gases regulated under the Kyoto Protocol. Around the year 2000 there was a reversal in the global SF6 emission trend, from a decreasing to an increasing trend, which was likely caused by increasing emissions in countri...
We present a comparison of chemistry-transport models (TransCom-N O) to examine the importance of atmospheric transport and surface fluxes on the variability of NO mixing ratios in the troposphere. Six different models and two model variants participated in the inter-comparison and simulations were made for the period 2006 to 2009. In addition to N...
This article investigates the annual cycle observed in the Antarctic
baseline aerosol scattering coefficient, total particle number
concentration, and particle number size distribution (PNSD),
as measured at Troll Atmospheric Observatory.
Mie theory shows that the annual cycles in microphysical
and optical aerosol properties have a common cause.
By...
N2O surface fluxes were estimated for 1999 to 2009 using a
time-dependent Bayesian inversion technique. Observations were drawn from 5
different networks, incorporating 59 surface sites and a number of ship-based
measurement series. To avoid biases in the inverted fluxes, the data were
adjusted to a common scale and scale offsets were included in t...
of tropospheric N2O mixing ratio show significant variability
on interannual timescales (0.2 ppb, 1 standard deviation). We found that
interannual variability in N2O is weakly correlated with that
in CFC-12 and SF6 for the northern extratropics and more
strongly correlated for the southern extratropics, suggesting that
interannual variability in al...
N2O surface fluxes were estimated for 1999 to 2009 using a
time-dependent Bayesian inversion technique. Observations were drawn
from 5 different networks, incorporating 59 surface sites and a number
of ship-based measurement series. To avoid biases in the inverted
fluxes, the data were adjusted to a common scale and scale offsets were
included in t...
The Bayesian framework of CO2 flux inversions permits
estimates of the retrieved flux uncertainties. Here, the reliability of
these theoretical estimates is studied through a comparison against the
misfits between the inverted fluxes and independent measurements of the
CO2 Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) made by the eddy covariance
technique at local...
Nitrous oxide (N2O) concentrations have been steadily increasing in the
atmosphere over the past few decades at a rate of approximately 0.3% per
year. This trend is of major concern as N2O is both a long-lived
greenhouse gas and an Ozone Depleting Substance (ODS). This trend is
largely due to the increased input of reactive nitrogen (Nr) to the
env...
This study investigates some of the principal errors arising in atmospheric inversion estimates of N2O surface fluxes. Using a synthetic data set of model-generated atmospheric N2O mixing ratio data, representative of the current observation network, we investigate the influence of errors in the stratospheric N2O sink and in vertical transport. Our...
Nitrous oxide (N2O) levels have been steadily increasing in the atmosphere over the past few decades at a rate of approximately 0.3% per year. This trend is of major concern as N2O is both a long-lived Greenhouse Gas (GHG) and an Ozone Depleting Substance (ODS), as it is a precursor of NO and NO2, which catalytically destroy ozone in the stratosphe...
A Bayesian inversion approach was used to retrieve temporally and spatially resolved N2O fluxes for western and central Europe using in-situ atmospheric observations from the tall tower site at Ochsenkopf, Germany (50°01´ N, 11°48´ E). For atmospheric transport, the STILT (Stochastic Time-Inverted Lagrangian Transport) model was employed, which was...
We present 2.5 years of in-situ measurements of CO2, O2, CH4, CO, N2O and SF6 mixing ratios sampled from 23, 90 and 163 m above ground on the Ochsenkopf tower in the Fichtelgebirge range, Germany (50°01´49´´ N, 11°48´30´´ E, 1022 m a.s.l.). In addition to the in-situ measurements, flask samples are taken at Ochsenkopf at approximately weekly interv...
The nitrous oxide (N2O) mixing ratio has been increasing in the atmosphere since the industrial revolution, from 270 ppb in 1750 to 320 ppb in 2007 with a steady growth rate of around 0.26% since the early 1980's. The increase in N2O is worrisome for two main reasons. First, it is a greenhouse gas; this means that its atmospheric increase translate...
Citations
... and GAINS) and models and inventories limited to agriculture (CAPRI, FAOSTAT, DayCent, ECOSSE) were used. For CH 4 biogeochemical models of natural peatland emissions (JSBACH-HIMMELI) and lake and reservoir emissions Thompson et al., 2022), as well as updated data for inland waters (rivers, lakes and reservoirs in preparation for the RECCAP2 project, Appendix A2.1) and updated data for total geological emissions , were used. Emissions from gas hydrates and termites are not included as they are close to zero in the EU27 + UK (Saunois et al., 2020). ...
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... In addition to CO 2 , industrial activities are a major source of other GHGs. For example, over the long-run, industrial-derived N 2 O emissions have particularly increased in North America (Xu et al., 2021) and South Asia (Bansal et al., 2022). Overall, among the different industrial sub-sectors, the production of steel and other metals (e.g. ...
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... In addition, the annual GPP dynamics estimated by FGM correlated well with those estimated by BEPS, GOSIF, VPM, and GLASS V6 GPP products ( Figure S2b). While general agreement existes between FGM estimations and other GPP products, the current version of the FGM does not consider nitrogen deposition [56], soil moisture or drought [57], and ozone pollution [58], thus inevitably introducing some uncertainty into European GPP estimations; this topic warrants future research. ...
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... For N 2 O, one regional inversion (FLEXINVERT) for the 2005-2019 period and three global inversions for the period of 1998-2016 from Tian et al. (2020) and Thompson et al. (2019) were used as listed in Table 3. These estimates were not updated for this paper. ...
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... Unlike other inventories, our estimates showed stable CH 4 emissions from rice fields during 2007-2020. This suggests that the renewed increase in atmospheric CH 4 concentrations after 2007 is not related to rice cultivation but to other agricultural, fossil, and natural wetlands sources (Schaefer et al., 2016;Thompson et al., 2018;Zhang et al., 2022). In a recent atmospheric inversion model analysis (Yin et al., 2021), CH 4 emissions from anthropogenic sources in China increased for 1.0 Tg CH 4 year −1 over 2010-2017, which is substantially larger than the growth in CH 4 emissions from rice fields (~0.01 Tg CH 4 year −1 ; Figure S4). ...
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... Thereby, the inverse optimization approach derives the surface fluxes that are consistent with the measured concentration. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) has acknowledged the increasing capability of inverse modelling to systematically monitor greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations (Bergamaschi et al., 2018). ...
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... For example, N 2 O emissions estimated using top-down measurements were higher than those based on bottom-up approaches for the US Corn Belt (4,5), an important agricultural region characterized by intensive cropping with substantial N inputs. In contrast, a study in Europe found that N 2 O emissions inferred from inversions were consistent with those reported in national inventories based on bottom-up methods (6). ...
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... For use in the inversions, FLEX-PART was driven using ECMWF operational analysis wind fields. The state vector consisted of prior fluxes discretized on an irregular grid based on the SRMs (Thompson et al., 2014). This grid has finer resolution (in this case the finest was 0.25 • × 0.25 • ) where the fluxes have a strong influence on the observations and coarser resolution where the influence is only weak (the coarsest was 2 • × 2 • ). ...
... In order to meet one of the needs of what was to become the European CAMS operational service, the LSCE developed in 2004 a "variational" global atmospheric inversion system for long-lived trace gases like CO 2 , and N 2 O (Chevallier et al., 2005;Thompson et al., 2014). Outside CAMS, this same system was used for methane (CH 4 ) and related molecules (Berchet et al., 2021;Pison et al., 2009). ...
... Continuous dust particles collected from the Atmospheric Research Observatory (ARO) delineate information regarding marine aerosol intrusions, photooxidative potential and polar vortex spatial variability (Fiebig et al., 2014;Ito, 1993;Sheridan et al., 2016). Increases in the aerosol scattering coefficient (σsp) and Na concentration correspond with increasing marine sourced air (Fiebig et al., 2014). ...
