R. Funiciello's research while affiliated with Università Degli Studi Roma Tre and other places
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Publications (185)
From humble beginnings, Rome became perhaps the greatest intercontinental power in the world. Why did this historic city become so much more influential than its neighbor, nearby Latium, which was peopled by more or less the same stock? Over the years, historians, political analysts, and sociologists have discussed this question ad infinitum, witho...
High-energy seismicity is historically recorded in Tripolitania, Libya suggesting that this area, far from Mediterranean convergent margin, is currently deforming. How this deformation relates to surrounding tectonics of the Africa-Europe convergence is still poorly known. Here, we use remote sensing image analysis and structural survey to show the...
The depositional and erosional history of the Lapis Tiburtinus endogenic travertine located 30 km to the east of Rome, Central Italy, near the Colli Albani quiescent volcano, is interpreted through three-dimensional stratigraphy and uranium-series geochronology. Analyses of large exposures located in active quarries and of cores obtained from 114 i...
We describe the origin and evolution of a travertine deposit located 20 km east of Rome (Italy), near Tivoli. Borehole analysis reveals that the Tivoli travertine body was deposited in a 20-km2 basin, has an average thickness of 50 m and is thicker (more than 80 m) along a steeper base along the west north-south striking side. Structural analysis r...
The polygenetic Albano maar is the most recent centre of the Colli Albani volcano. Phreatic activity at the maar occurred throughout the Holocene. This paper summarises the close relationships between the activity of the maar and the history of settlement in the Roman region. Repeated lahars associated to the lake overflows occurred along the north...
In this paper we describe the structural architecture of the Colli Albani from the sedimentary cover to the upper mantle. The regional stratigraphy, deep wells and sedimentary xenoliths embedded in the pyroclastic deposits have been considered in order to constrain the composition and structure of the sedimentary substratum, whereas the lithospheri...
Trioctahedral mica crystals are frequently found in the volcanoclastic products emplaced during the final stages of the activity of the Colli Albani volcano (Roman Region, central Italy). In the youngest phreatomagmatic deposits, mica is found either as a minor mineral phase in holocrystalline ejecta, scoriae, and coherent pyroclastics, or as loose...
The crater lake Lake Albano is an increasingly diminishing water resource in terms of volume, the lake level has dropped more than four meters since the 1960s, and water quality resulting from elevated levels of nitrogen and phosphorus. The area of the lake, and the volcano as a whole, is also considered to be geologically hazardous due to continua...
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North Africa's Sirte basin opening is an enigmatic feature in the complex Meso-Cenozoic rearrangement of Mediterranean tectonics. New borehole data inversion constrains its deformation history showing a stretching event starting ~70Ma and terminating in a further abrupt increase at ~50Ma, rapidly fading afterwards. The timing of this event hardly r...
The historical site of the Monte Mario lower Pleistocene succession (Rome, Italy) is an important marker of the Pliocene/Pleistocene boundary. Recently, the Monte Mario site was excavated and restudied. A spectacular angular unconformity characterizes the contact between the Monte Vaticano and the Monte Mario formations, which marks the Pliocene/Pl...
The depositional and erosional history of the Lapis Tiburtinus endogenic travertine located 30 km to the east of Rome, Central Italy, near the Colli Albani quiescent volcano, is interpreted through three-dimensional stratigraphy and uranium-series geochronology. Analyses of large exposures located in active quarries and of cores obtained from 114 i...
On 28 December 1908, at 5.21 a.m., local time, a catastrophic earthquake (MCS maximum intensity = XI, estimated magnitude = 7.1) struck the region of the Messina Straits, Ionian Sea, Southern Italy. Within minutes after the passage of the seismic waves, a tsunami with maximum observed run-up of about 10 m hit the coasts of Calabria and Sicily. The...
The polygenetic Albano maar is the most recent centre of the Colli Albani volcano, located just few kilometres to the south-east of Roma. Presently the maar hosts a 167.5 m deep crater lake, the deepest in Europe. The maar is to be considered quiescent, as phreatic activity is documented throughout the Holocene. This paper illustrates the close rel...
Anecdotes of concurrent eruptions at Etna, Stromboli, and Vulcano (Southern Italy) have persisted for more than
2000 years and volcanologists in recent and past times have hypothesized a causal link among these volcanoes.
Here this hypothesis is tested. To introduce the problem and provide examples of the type of expected volcanic
phenomena, narrat...
The depositional and erosional history of the Lapis Tiburtinus endogenic travertine located circa 25 km to the east of Rome, Central Italy, near the Colli Albani quiescent volcano, is interpreted through three-dimensional stratigraphy and uranium-series geochronology. Analyses of large exposures located in active quarries and of cores obtained from...
The issue of urban sustainability is considered within the context of the metropolis of Rome, the capital of Italy. The aim is pursued through an Urban Biosphere Reserve proposal, drawn up by an interdisciplinary group of experts comprising landscape ecologists, geologists, plant ecologists, zoologists, geographers, city planners and environmental...
Many characteristics of the natural environment where Rome has developed for the last 3000 years have played a major positive role in promoting the excellence of Rome as a political, economic and administrative power, the so-called Caput Mundi of the ancient world. Aside from anthropological and ethnological factors, the positive geological and geo...
The Peperino Albano (approximately 19–36ka old) is a phreatomagmatic pyroclastic flow deposit, cropping out along the slopes
of the associated Albano maar (Colli Albani volcano, Italy). The deposit exhibits lateral and vertical transitions from valley
pond to veneer facies, as well as intracrater facies. We present the results of a paleomagnetic st...
A century after the catastrophic event, the sources of the 1908 Messina, Southern Italy, earthquake and tsunami, which caused at least 60,000 deaths, remain uncertain. Through a simple backward ray-tracing method, we convert the tsunami travel-time data reported in a 100-years-old paper into distances and find that the sources of the earthquake and...
This work presents the results of a multidiscipinary study carried out in the southern branch of the Larderello geothermal field (Travale-Montieri area), which was based on the integration of field data with information on the deeper structures as derived from interpretation of seismic reflection profiles and the P-T-t history of the metamorphic su...
During the Messinian—Pleistocene, the Peninsular Tyrrhenian margin underwent a NE—SW orientated stretching regime, with the formation of a NW—SE normal fault system and basins which are linked by NE—SW transfer fault zones. These fault zones border narrow and deep asymmetric basins. This paper uses geological and geophysical analysis (structural an...
The depositional and erosional history of the upper Pleistocene Lapis Tiburtinus travertine located 25 km in the east of Rome, Italy, near the Colli Albani quiescent volcano is analyzed by three-dimensional stratigraphy and uranium-series geochronology. Analyses of large exposures within active quarries and of 114 drilled cores from industrial data...
Various tectonic features are present in the Meso‐Cenozoic basin units of the Sabina region (Central Apennines, Italy): Mio‐Pliocene northeasterly verging thrusts are followed by Plio‐Pleistocene, N‐S oriented right‐lateral strike‐slip faults. Stable isotope geochemistry and examination of meso‐ and microstructures show that strain conditions diffe...
Fractures, karstic cavities, and calcite precipitates are analysed on Mesozoic, carbonate strata from the Cornicolani Mountains, central Italy, to quantify the relationships between fractures and related karstic cavities and to infer the fracture-controlled fluid pathways. The study area is characterized by active sinkholes and other karstic caves,...
This study identifies units characterized by specific geomechanical behaviours within some Holocene alluvial deposits in the City of Rome. In particular, the highly compressible units, which may be responsible for subsidence and settlement phenomena below urban structures, have been identified. Investigations carried out during this study have inte...
Fissure eruptions may provide important information on the shallow
propagation of dikes at volcanoes. Somma-Vesuvius (Italy) consists of
the active Vesuvius cone, bordered to the north by the remnants of the
older Somma edifice. Historical chronicles are considered to define the
development of the 37 fissure eruptions between A.D. 1631 and 1944. Th...
New results for the Colli Albani volcano (Roma, Italy) surveyed for the Geological Map of Italy at 1 : 50,000 scale (CARG Project), integrated with previous data, provide insights on caldera evolution. The Colli Albani, a quiescent volcano, became active at ∼600 ka. Eruptive compositions are consistently mafic (< 50% SiO2); nevertheless, morphology...
Dikes provide important information on the structure, state of stress and activity of a volcano. Mt. Somma borders part of the Vesuvio cone (Italy), displaying ∼100 dikes emplaced between ∼18 and 30ka. Field, AMS (anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility) and thin section analyses are used to characterize their geometry and kinematics (direction and s...
The Tyrrhenian margin of central Italy has undergone Plio-Quaternary extension, developing NW-SE normal faults and NE-SW faults. The NE-SW faults decrease in frequency toward NE with the stretching factor beta, becoming negligible for beta 0.21. These data suggest that the NE-SW transtensive structures are transfer faults of the NW-SE normal faults...
Rome was the largest and most important capital city of the ancient western world, but then, for about ten centuries - from the fall of the Roman Empire through the Middle Ages - it lost its demographic consistency and political influence, and with its decline, the advanced infrastructural systems for which the city has been noted were allowed to d...
Fissure eruptions may provide important information on the shallow propagation of magma at volcanoes. Somma-Vesuvio (Italy) consists of the active Vesuvio cone, bor-dered, to the N, by the remnants of the older Somma edifice. Historical chronicles are considered to define the development of the 37 fissure eruptions between 1631-1944. The 1631 fissu...
Integrated petrological and structural investigations of eclogites from the eclogite zone of the Voltri Massif (Ligurian Alps) have been used to reconstruct a complete Alpine P–T deformation path from burial by subduction to subsequent exhumation. The early metamorphic evolution of the eclogites has been unravelled by correlating garnet zonation tr...
This work considers micas present both as phenocrysts in granular xenoliths and as large xenocrysts in the phreatomagmatic deposits, which characterize the final volcanic activity of Colli Albani volcanic complex, Roman Comagmatic Region (central Italy). In these micas the Fe/(Fe+Mg) ratio spans from 0.06 to 0.55, thus the micas range from phlogopi...
The worldwide state of the art about the geosequestration is shown in this paper. How to carry out a complete research in Italy is described in the text, the geology of Italian peninsula is in fact very young and consequently it can induce risks. Il confinamento geologico della CO 2 : una metodologia per affrontare il problema in Italia Fattori eco...
Relay ramps are a common feature formed during the growth of normal fault systems. We performed analogue experiments to investigate the structure and evolution of relay ramps. An extending rubber sheet induces extension at the base of a sand pack (brittle crust analogue). Silicone bars between the rubber and the sand control the location of fault n...
Structures within rift zones exhibit two main types of interaction relevant at the rift scale: relay ramps and transfer faults at high angle to the rift. Analogue experiments have been performed to investigate whether these types of interaction may be affected by differential extension along the rift. In these models, sand (brittle crust analogue)...
An integrated structural, anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) and paleomagnetic study was carried out on Plio-Pleistocene sedimentary basins in eastern Sicily. These basins belong to three main tectonic domains: the Tyrrhenian hinterland domain, the Catania foredeep domain, and the Hyblean foreland domain. We sampled 329 oriented samples fr...
The structure and shape of collapses and resurgences is often controlled by pre-existing discontinuities, such as normal faults in rift zones. In order to study the role of extensional structures on collapse and resurgence, we used analogue models. Dry sand simulated the brittle crust; silicone, located at the base of the sand-pack, simulated magma...
In the Central Mediterranean two back-arc basins, the Liguro-Provençal (LPb) and the Tyrrhenian basin (Tb), opened progressively and consecutively from the late Eocene–Oligocene to the present. Evolution in space and time of rifting and drifting processes, along three different transects across these basins, shows differences in the style of extens...
We describe the evolution of the volcanic activity and deformation patterns observed at Mount Etna during the July-August 2001 eruption. Seismicity started at 3000 in below sea level on 13 July, accompanied by moderate ground swelling. Ground deformation culminated on 16 July with the development of a NE-SW graben c. 500 in wide and c. I in deep in...
The Albano polygenetic maar is the youngest eruptive center of the quiescent Colli Albani volcano, located near the city of Rome. The most recent activity of the Albano maar extends from ~23 ka into the Holocene and produced the small volume, basic, phreatomagmatic Peperino Albano (PA) ignimbrite, and, more recently, phreatomagmatic surge and lahar...
During the July–August 2001 eruption of Mt. Etna development of extensional fractures/faults and grabens accompanied magma intrusion and subsequent volcanic activity. During the first days of the eruption, we performed an analysis of attitude, displacement and propagation of fractures and faults exposed on the ground surface in two sites, Torre del...
The evaluation of volcanic hazard in the Roman hinterland related to the quiescent Colli Albani Volcano has recently been the subject of renewed attention and several interpretations by many authors. However, very little was known of the recent history of the volcano, making such interpretations rather speculative. The most recent activity of Colli...
The interaction between two offset overlapping normal faults is characterised by the presence of a relay ramp. In order to investigate the way these structures develop, sandbox experiments were carried out. To simulate the brittle crust, we used dry quartz sand that was extended by means of a rubber sheet located at its base. We imposed the initial...
Resurgent blocks are uplifted parts of volcanoes where most of the deformation (uplift) is accommodated along peripheral faults. The island of Ischia, Italy, has an active resurgent block uplifted ∼1000 m in the last ∼30 ka, which allows us to investigate the deformation associated with a strong uplift in volcanic areas. Air-photo interpretation wa...
We describe the evolution of the deformation pattern at Etna in the July-August 2001 eruption. Seismicity started the 13th of July and ground deformations culminated the 16th, developing of a N-S grabeñ500 m wide an1 m deep at Montagnola3 km south of the summit craters). Contemporaneously, the 16th, the eruption started from the summit crater, wher...
The Ethiopian Rift is characterized by several Quaternary calderas. Remote sensing and field analyses were used to investigate the regional structural control on three calderas (Fantale, Gariboldi, Gedemsa) in the axial part of the rift. These calderas are located along the Wonji Fault Belt (WFB), a zone of Quaternary NNE–SSW normal faults and exte...
The Quaternary stratigraphy of the Roman coastal area is one of the most studied for the excellent exposures of the sedimentary succession, which offer the opportunity to analyse the interplay between eustatism, tectonics and volcanism. We present an updated interpretation based on new stratigraphic and geomorphologic data. Sedimentary successions...
We describe the evolution of the volcanic activity and deformation patterns observed at Mount Etna during the July–August 2001 eruption. Seismicity started at 3000 m below sea level on 13 July, accompanied by moderate ground swelling. Ground deformation culminated on 16 July with the development of a NE–SW graben c. 500 m wide and c. 1 m deep in th...
Increasing attention has been recently devoted to the last phases of the Colli Albani activity (Rome, Italy), in consideration of new stratigraphic data suggesting a possible Holocene activity of the volcanic complex located few kilometres to the south of the city of Rome. In particular the focus has been directed to the activity of the Albano maar...
Lake Albano is a complex maar that fed the last phases of Colli Albani volcanic activity. The study of several new stratigraphic sections opened by archeological excavations and civil works has revealed the existence of two previously unknown, primary explosive volcanic deposits, and of several lahar deposits, distributed mainly in the Ciampino pla...
Lake Albano is a complex maar that fed the last phases of Colli Albani volcanic activity. The study of several new stratigraphic sections opened by archeological excavations and civil works has revealed the existence of two previously unknown, primary explosive volcanic deposits, and of several lahar deposits, distributed mainly in the Ciampino pla...
The Tyrrhenian margin of the central italian peninsula has been characterized by plio-quaternary extension, mainly occurring through NW-SE normal faults. These are offset by coeval, NE-SW transverse systems, with normal to strike-slip motions. Plio-quaternary volcanic activity occurred along a NW-SE trending belt parallel to the margin, showing a r...
Collapse calderas are commonly elongated, forming ellipses. In extensional settings, their elongation is often subparallel to the extension direction. Such ellipticity was explained through: (1) the control of pre-rift structures; (2) the presence of an elon- gated magma chamber, (3) the activity of post-caldera normal faults. In order to better un...
In the Northern Tyrrhenian region, the occurrence of blueschist facies minerals both in continental- and oceanic-derived units suggests a continuity of high-P/low-T metamorphism moving from Alpine Corsica to Tuscany. Estimated peak P/T metamorphic ratios decrease towards the east, from Alpine Corsica to Tuscany, but always in a relatively cold envi...
Roma is built just 20 km to the northwest of the Pleistocene Colli Albani volcano, but is believed not exposed to relevant natural hazards, except for the Tiber river flood- ings, and local amplification of seismic waves from distal earthquakes. This belief has generally induced modern historians and geologists to discard as SmythologicalT the & ce...
The EUREF Permanent Network (EPN) is a science-driven network of more than 120 permanent GPS stations distributed over 30 European countries. The basic idea behind the network is to maintain and to provide access to the European Terrestrial Reference System ETRS89. We will give an overview of the daily operation of the network and its applications...
Dike emplacement is a common means for the rise of magmas in the shallow crust and is often responsible for the triggering of an eruption. In order to study the surface and shallow deformations induced by dike emplacement, we performed analogue models. Our models simulate a vertical sheet intrusion, few meters wide, in the shallowest brittle levels...
In this paper we present a study on the metamorphic and structural evolution of the Gorgona Island, located in the Northern Tyrrhenian Sea. Based on their contrasting P-T histories, two major tectonic units bounded by a mylonitic contact are recognised. The lower one (CS Unit) shows typical HP/LT parageneses (Fe-carpholite and glaucophane); peak me...
Structural, paleomagnetic and AMS data, collected in the Plio-Pleistocene sedimentary basins of Eastern Sicily, are presented. In Eastern Sicily, over a short distance, different structural domains are exposed: the southern margin of back arc Tyrrhenian extensional basin in the north, the compressional Quaternary Catania foredeep basin, and the Hyb...
The Ethiopian Rift is a Plio-Quaternary continental rift characterized by two interacting NE-SW trending segments. Remote sensing and field data show that the axial part of the Rift is made up of extensional fractures and open normal faults. These show a mean N50W opening direction along a distance of 400 km, indicating an overall NW-SE spreading d...
In this paper we show that the processes that have shaped the Quaternary surface development of the Apennines in central Italy are all consequences of a single subcrustal process, the upwelling of the mantle. The relationship between gravity and topography shows that mantle convection is responsible for a long-wavelength (150–200 km) topographic bu...
Resurgent doming consists of the uplift, usually accompanied by volcanic activity, of part of a collapse caldera. Analogue models were used to investigate the architecture of resurgent domes. Dry sand simulates the brittle crust; uprising silicone, located at the base of the sand-pack, simulates magma. The deformation pattern depends mainly upon: (...
Approximately 56% of 60 known nested calderas are pairs of nonintersecting subcircular structures with similar eccentricities. The consistent configuration suggests an interdependence in the formation of the two annular structures. This possibility has been investigated using 11 analogue models with sand (crust analogue) overlying silicone (magma a...
Combined structural and petrographical investigations, coupled with 40Ar/39Ar geochronology, were carried out in the Sila Piccola Massif of the Calabrian Arc in order to define the structural geometry and map out the major structural and metamorphic breaks within the exposed nappe sequence. On the basis of the contrasting Alpine pressure-temperatur...
Occurrence of (Fe, Mg)-carpholite-bearing parageneses in metapelites from Giglio and Gorgona islands (Tuscan Archipelago,
Northern Tyrrhenian Sea) attests a continuity of blueschist metamorphism from Alpine Corsica to the Tuscan region. Numerous
fluid inclusions have been trapped in quartz crystals associated with (Fe, Mg)-carpholite fibers from t...
Temperature-induced variations in mechanical properties within orogenic wedges require analogue materials with temperature-sensitive viscosity. A new computer-controlled, thermomechanical experimental apparatus has been set up. The thermomechanical apparatus permits the scaling of the mechanical properties of thick orogenic wedges in terms of the t...
Collapse calderas and resurgent domes are a common association related to inflation–deflation processes in volcanic systems. The structure of calderas and domes depends upon the permitted, relative movements of crustal volumes at depth (the so-called “space problem”). In order to study the structures of collapse calderas and resurgent domes and to...
Field and photogeological studies were made of 90 zones of interacting fracture segments along the rift zone of Iceland. Each zone consists of a pair of extension fractures or a pair of normal faults, with lengths from metres to kilometres. These zones evolve from an underlapping stage, through an overlapping stage (the most common configuration) a...
The post-orogenic extensional processes that affected the inner sector of the Northern Apennine orogenic wedge (i.e. the Northern Tyrrhenian region) were accompanied by the emplacement of chiefly anatectic intrusive rocks of Late Miocene to Mid-Pleistocene age. In this paper, we compare geological and structural data from Messinian-Pliocene monzogr...
We report new paleomagnetic and anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) results from upper Tortonian to middle Pleistocene sediments which were deposited upon and adjacent to active thrust structures in southwestern Sicily. The data show that the Plio-Pleistocene sediments from the Belice and Menfi basins (covering the Saccense shelf limestones...
The Tyrrhenian margin of Central Italy underwent extension during Pliocene and Quaternary. Extension occurred mainly through NW–SE normal faults, bordering a sequence of Plio-Quaternary basins. These basins are offset by coeval NE–SW faults, which show strike–slip and normal motions and have been interpreted as transfer faults. Plio-Quaternary volc...
