R. E. Link's research while affiliated with United States Naval Academy and other places
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Publications (516)
This paper describes testing conducted on dis-assembled layered pressure vessels to determine the fracture toughness properties of the component structural steels used in their construction. These vessels are part of a large number of similar vessels used at NASA laboratory facilities which were constructed during the 1950s and 1960s to support the...
This paper investigates the image reconstruction for inhomogeneous dielectric cylinders coated on a conductor with a known cross section buried in a stratified dielectric medium. The buried dielectric cylinder scatters a group of unrelated incident waves illuminated from outside. The scattered field is recorded outside the stratified dielectric med...
Experimental issues regarding the implementation of a methodology for obtaining strain-stress curves at high temperatures and in a controlled atmosphere of oxide-C refractories are presented. These curves give a detailed description of the material's mechanical behavior that is not attainable using conventional tests. The method to measure the spec...
Fire test reports provide information relative to the fire-test-response characteristics of a material, product, or assembly at the time when it was tested and to the evaluative approach of the fire test used, including understanding of the fire test that was used. Such fire test reports remain valid for the particular point in time at which the fi...
Warm mix asphalt (WMA) is a fairly recent technology developed primarily to address issues such as high vapor emissions and high energy costs associated with the traditional hot mix asphalt (HMA) paving. Although the WMA is becoming a popular paving technology through field and laboratory evaluations, many researchers and transportation personnel a...
Current test procedures for determining the density properties of aggregate and hot mix asphalt mixtures (HMA) are time consuming and subjective. The density can have significant impact on the performance of asphalt pavements. Three devices (SSDetect, CoreLok, and CoreDry) which can significantly reduce testing time were independently evaluated. Th...
This paper presents the results of investigations on the rheological properties of modified asphalt binders and their influence on the performance of asphalt mixes. Asphalt mixes with modified binders such as styrene butadiene styrene polymer, crumb rubber, natural rubber, and waste plastics were evaluated for their rheological properties and compa...
Predicting for dynamic measurement error is becoming a hot issue in measurement field. The paper deals with the error prediction of dynamic measurement lacking information. Firstly, according to grey s ystem theory and the bootstrap method, the prediction and transfer coefficients of all error sources have been taken into account. Then, the error p...
The dynamic modulus test is widely accepted by pavement agencies as the critical parameter for the recently proposed mechanistic empirical design procedure and the candidate of the simple performance test to accompany the Superpave volumetric mix design process. However, the specified dynamic modulus test procedure is time-consuming and costly. Sta...
The preventive maintenance of asphalt pavement is of increasing interest to highway agencies and engineers. Many preventive maintenance materials based on emulsified asphalt are used all over the world. The objective of this paper is to investigate the effect of applied silicone maintenance materials (SMMs) on the properties of asphalt and asphalt...
A key concept for the future evaluation of sealant materials for commercial aircraft is to expose realistic sealed joint systems to typical dynamic and environmental parameters representative of actual flight conditions. The development of a mechanism to undertake the full range of test parameters for the evaluation of sealants for current and futu...
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is conducting a multi-year study, with the support of the National Institute of Justice (NU) and the NIST Office of Law Enforcement Standards (OLES), to examine the repeatability of fire patterns. The primary objective of the study is assessing the repeatability of fire patterns on gypsum bo...
This paper presents a new test method that allows fatigue characterization on bituminous mortar by means of dynamic shear rheometer (DSR). The studied mortar is composed of bitumen, filler and fine sand at a mass ratio of 0.34:0.30:0.36. Dynamic shear rheometer instruments are widely used for bitumen testing by using parallel plate geometry. Howeve...
Past studies have shown that most inertial profiler verification procedures are conducted through repeated profile measurements on test sections with known profiles. This type of an evaluation can erroneously affect inertial profile results because of non-controllable parameters such as profiler equipment, analytical software, and operator variable...
Understanding precision uncertainty in roller measurement values (MV) from continuous compaction control and intelligent compaction vibratory soil and asphalt rollers is required for implementation of roller-based specifications for pavement construction quality control/quality assurance (QC/QA). Accordingly, MV uncertainty can have a significant i...
The work reported in this paper explores both experimental and numerical simulations on the process of freezing of pressurized fluids in stainless steel pipes for water hydraulics systems under sub-freezing ambient temperature conditions. Preliminary experimental studies were conducted to investigate the time taken for water to freeze under sub-fre...
Since the adoption of ISO/IEC 17025, testing laboratories have been required to perform Measurement Uncertainty analysis for the tests within their scope. Four points of recurring debate are discussed: (1) The variability in fire test results due to unforeseen/uncontrolled variables is generally far greater than the measurement uncertainty of the r...
Heat flux data from a series of controlled experiments involving a 2 m diameter, wind-blown pool fire are examined to highlight the difficulties involved in conducting heat flux measurements in a realistic, large-scale, hydrocarbon-fueled fire. Data were taken at several locations along the ground near the fire. At each location, three different he...
This paper presents nondestructive testing (NDT) results and analysis from the inspection of composite specimens representing typical helicopter parts. The specimens include monolithic laminates produced from carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP), Nomex honeycomb core sandwich panels with CFRP skins, and CFRP frame-skin joint panels. External prot...
Poor information means incomplete and insufficient information, such as unknown probability distributions and trends. Evaluation for the evolvement of the rolling bearing quality as a time series belongs to the category of information poor process. Statistics relied on known probability distributions and trends could become ineffective. For this en...
In the United States, the Steiner Tunnel (UL 723 [2008, "Test for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials," Ninth Edition, Underwriters Laboratories Inc., Northbrook, IL], ASTM E84-10 [2010, "Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials," Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 4.07, ASTM International, W...
This study examines the use of the triaxial shear strength parameters (c and /) in providing guidelines for selecting the appropriate laboratory stress level for the flow number test of asphalt mixtures. The approach is based on the concept that the flow number (tertiary flow) is inversely related to the applied stress-to-strength ratio of the mate...
A non-homogeneous Poisson process with its mean value function generated by the cumulative distribution function of half logistic distribution is considered. It is modeled to assess the failure phenomenon of developed software. When the failure data are in the form of the number of failures in a given interval of time, the model parameters are esti...
The first paragraph of E-691, Standard Practice for Conducting an Inter-laboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method [ASTM E691-05, 2005, "Standard Practice for Conducting an Inter-laboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method," ASTM Book of Standards, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.] states: "Tests perform...
ASTM C1396 Standard Specification for Gypsum Board defines type X special fire resistant gypsum board on the basis of the fire resistance of a load bearing wood framed gypsum partition tested in accordance with ASTM E119 Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials. Monitoring individual product performance in a wall...
We propose a distribution-free test, which has two main purposes. First, the test can assist in alleviating some of the problems that existing tests have with higher powers when the assumed a priori ordering among the parameters is incorrect. Second, the new test can detect the monotone trends (non-decreasing ordered and non-increasing ordered) wit...
Gradual increasing pavement distresses need an efficient heating method for hot in-place recycling or rehabilitation maintenance. Microwave radiation could provide a quick and environmentally friendly heating measure for field heating on asphalt pavement. A 2450 MHz microwave heater was applied to study its heating performance on a dense gradation...
The cohesive zone model was employed to study the fracture resistance of asphalt mixtures at low temperature. The bilinear traction-separation curve that directly reflects the magnitudes of the tensile strength, fracture energy, and failure separation of asphalt mixtures was proposed to evaluate the fracture resistance of asphalt mixtures. The frac...
The binder content of hot mix asphalt (HMA) is most commonly determined either by solvent extraction or ignition oven (IO) methods. Generally, the IO method has worked well with various HMA mixtures except those containing certain types of high mass loss (decomposing) aggregates, especially dolomite. For these aggregates, the high temperatures expe...
Thin gage Ni-based superalloy materials are being targeted for hypersonic applications up to 1100 °C. To achieve an optimized system design, standard mechanical behavior data on these materials are needed under a range of loading conditions such as tensile, creep, and fatigue at representative temperatures. These tests require direct measurements o...
Asphalt content and aggregate gradation measurements for hot-mix asphalt (HMA) concrete were collected during the 2008 construction season to develop statistics for quality control (QC) and quality assurance (QA) programs for the Taiwan Highway Bureau (THB). Data were analyzed to determine if the quality characteristics followed a normal distributi...
Many multinational firms are facing diminishing profit margins in their home countries and, as a result, may move their manufacturing facilities to foreign countries to seek the benefits of lower labor costs and tax rates. Inspired by the real option models of Moon (2010) and Wu (2010), we propose a framework to explore how the fluctuations of pric...
Recently, the extensive applications of thin-film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD) products have been increasing rapidly (for example, smart phones, monitors, and liquid crystal display televisions). Supplier selection in TFT-LCD manufacturing industries has become more essential and has received considerable attention. It is a problem o...
It is reasonable to assume that hot-mix asphalt (HMA) overlay rutting occurs only in HMA overlay(s) because of rutting from the existing pavement, if any, most of which had already occurred before the HMA overlay(s) was placed. So, this paper focuses only on the HMA overlay itself. Many factors such as the asphalt binder grade, the aggregate gradat...
Three types of recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) produced from old cement beams with designed compressive strengths of 40, 60, and 80 MPa, respectively, were employed for measurement by X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared absorption spectroscopy (IR), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The XRD result indicated that the presence of Ca(OH)2 and anhy...
Traffic signal and other ancillary structures have failed due to fatigue caused by wind. Such structures are typically lightly damped and have low natural frequencies. The fatigue cracks begin in the base metal near welds. Because of geometric and functional requirements, welds are often category E or lower. Additionally, transportation agencies us...
Process capability indices have been widely used in manufacturing industries to provide numerical measures of process potential and performance. In in-plant applications, some inevitable process mean shift may be undetected when the statistical process control charts are applied, particularly, in the bumping process for square bumps. Bothe in 2002...
Resilient modulus (Mr) of subgrade soil is a key input parameter in all three hierarchical levels of the new mechanistic-empirical pavement design guide (MEPDG). A successful implementation of the MEPDG requires a comprehensive evaluation of Mr database(s) for local subgrade soils and its assessment to determine desired input parameters. To this en...
Ferrocement jackets and sheets can be used for local rehabilitation and retrofitting of structures due to their high tensile strength, light weight, overall economy, water tightness, and ease of application. In the present paper the effects of number of layers of wire mesh in the ferrocement jackets, type of section (balanced or under reinforced) a...
Three brønsted acidic ionic liquids, 1-methylimidazolium acetate ([Hmim][CH3COO]), 1-methylimidazolium propionate ([Hmim][CH 3CH2COO]) and 1-methylimidazolium butyrate ([Hmim][CH 3CH2CH2COO]) were used as reaction medium for atom transfer radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate with ethyl 2-bromoisobutyrate (EBiB)/CuBr as the initiating syste...
Literature review information and model scale rock blasting tests have been utilized to study the effects of some blast and fragmentation parameters on peak p-wave stress.A method for modeling scale blasting in sandstone blocks with dimensions of 515×335×215 mm3 has been studied and the results from a blast experiment instrumented with a pressure g...
Standard test methods for determining the mechanical properties of Fiber Reinforced Concrete (FRC) are properly defined if they reproduce the actual structural behavior. Among many proposals, a round panel test seems to have all potentials to become an easy-to-use tool and, at the same time, a reliable procedure for the characterization of FRC, in...
Polypropylene (PP)/carbon black (CB) films were prepared via a two-step masterbatch (MB) dilution technique, by the aid of dynamic mixer following two single-screw extruders. The films were quantitatively characterized by color difference (CD), blackness and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) methods. In the paper, the CD was numerically expressed by...
This study identifies how the microstructure system of asphalt mixture is influenced by moisture and the Indirect Tensile Test (IDT) using digital image analysis methods. Concepts such as digital image segmentation technology, CT (Computer Tomography) value, grey scale of the image, edge detection, and entropy are introduced and incorporated to des...
This study examined the relationship of three binder properties with three permanent deformation (rut) test data. The three binder properties include the stiffness (G*/sin δ) measured by dynamic shear rheometer, the large molecular size (LMS) ratio, measured by gel-permeation chromatography, and the absolute viscosity. The three rut tests at 60°C i...
Small Punch Tests (SPTs) were conducted in order to determine material properties and understand their mechanical behavior. Equations were derived to calculate the yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, and hardness of five aluminum alloys. A greater understanding of the mechanisms of the SPT and how specimens behave duri...
This paper describes the use of the image analysis technique for monitoring the variation of early age shrinkage strains with respect to the depth from the top surface of ordinary Portland cement mortar and concrete prism specimens starting as early as 30 min after adding water to the mixture. The applicability of the image analysis technique was d...
Polymer tubing is used for a variety of applications such as the transport of dry nitrogen and other gases in order to purge systems of moisture and other contaminants. While some polymer tubing are marketed for low-moisture applications, permeation data are often not reported to aid in material selection. Tests were performed to compare moisture p...
This paper defines a photogrammetric system developed to automatically measure displacements at a large number of points on structural elements in static or quasi-static load experiments. The system consists of hardware and software. Basically, the hardware component includes online image acquisition system with three charge coupled device (CCD) ca...
Special building occupancies, those with a high interior relative humidity, have a specific set of performance requirements to control condensation for exterior window and curtain wall systems. High levels of humidity, if not properly accommodated by glazed exterior wall systems, can result in condensation on and within glazing systems and adjacent...
Geothermal energy has been applied to a snow melting system for highway overlays. This paper described practical steps for the design, construction, and validation of the system. These steps were carried out both in a laboratory and in the field. In the laboratory, a series of heat conductivity tests were carried out to understand the heat transfer...
A control chart is a statistical device used for the study and control of a repetitive process. W. A. Shewart (1931) of Bell Telephone Laboratories suggested control charts based on three sigma limits. Now the companies in developed and developing countries started applying Six Sigma initiatives in their manufacturing process, which results in a le...
During the research and development (R&D) stage of semiconductor fabrication, the R&D engineers make a lot of effort to identify golden dice that meet simulated performance of circuit design. With feedback from wafer acceptance test (WAT) data of the golden dice, the efficiency of process window analysis can be further improved. However, it is diff...
In this study, effects of cement content and curing time on the compressive stress-strain relationship and California bearing ratio (CBR) value of artificially cemented sand cured up to 7 days was investigated. The CBR study was focused on investigating the sensitivity of this non-destructive test to measure the changes in the compacted cemented sa...
The study presents an application of a damage detection approach for beam like structures that is based on both operational and numerical modal analyses results obtained from undamaged and damaged cases of a structure. The effectiveness of this approach is assessed by performing investigations on a column model. In the first step of this approach,...
A test method was developed to identify those variables important for assessing the performance of ultrasonic surgical devices in ex vivo ligature sealing of porcine carotid and uterine arteries. Ruggedness testing using a small sample size in pilot experiments was conducted using a newly developed test method in an effort to assess the usefulness...
This paper discusses the dynamic characteristics of a recoil system when firing armour-piercing fin-stabilized discarding sabot projectiles. They are fired with a muzzle velocity of Mach 4.4 from a 105 mm caliber cannon either equipped with a multi-perforated muzzle brake (MPMB) or with a bare muzzle. In the recoil system, the MPMB moderates the re...
The performance properties of recycled polymer modified asphalt (PMA) binders containing warm mix asphalt (WMA) additives at high, intermediate, and low temperatures were evaluated. First, each combination of two PMA binders (performance grade (PG) 76-22 from two different sources) and two WMA additives (i.e., Aspha-min® and Sasobit®) were blended...
We propose a combined numerical-experimental method for the evaluation of the tensile strength properties of woven carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite laminates at cryogenic temperatures using the open hole specimens. Cryogenic tensile tests were conducted on the open hole specimens of quasi-isotropic woven CFRP laminates, and the leng...
Polymer durometry is the measurement of the hardness of plastic and rubber materials using an indentor. Many different hardness scales and indentor geometries have been standardized for durometry. Indentation into a solid is governed by linear elastic mechanics, and this paper relates the Young's modulus to standardized hardness scale reading. We n...
This paper investigates the effect of loading level and loading rate on the damage development and strength of asphalt mixtures. Indirect tensile creep tests with different loading levels and strength tests with three loading rates were performed at three low temperatures for ten mixtures.An acoustic emission (AE) system with eight recording channe...
The natural variation of strength properties within brittle materials leads to the phenomenon of size effect which causes the expected strength of a material to decrease as the stressed volume increases. An important implication of size effect is that size adjustment parameters must be incorporated into multi-axial constitutive and failure models u...
Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites represent an alternative construction material without many of the performance disadvantages of traditional construction materials. The use of FRP as a pile material can eliminate deterioration problems of conventional piling materials in water front environments and aggressive soils. Most of the available...
This paper presents a new line-scan imaging system for automated measurements of road crack. The system consists of off-the-shelf hardware for real-time image acquisition and the customized image-analysis software for crack detection. A line-scan camera with 2 k pixels, a GigE interface, and a line rate up to 36 kHz was used to scan 3.6-m wide pave...
The influence of feedback control on the measured flexural toughness of fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) remains elusive. Some tests such as ASTM C1609/C1609M-07 require closed-loop control, while others such as ASTM C1399/C1399M-10 are considered control independent, and hence open-loop testing is allowed. Recent field experience has indicated that...
As new creep resistant materials are developed for the temperature range of 800-1100 degrees C, the improved creep properties sometimes require the modification of the conventional approaches in high temperature life assessment procedures which have been applied for low alloy steels and chromium steels usually used in the temperature range of 500-6...
The definition of fatigue failure in the laboratory is not only an important but also a controversial issue. Researchers have developed a number of fatigue failure criteria, including the most traditional one, which defines failure at the cycle to 50 % initial modulus reduction. However, this definition is always challenged due to its lack of physi...
Digital image correlation (DIC) is a full-field and non-contact technique for the measurement of displacement and strain. It has considerately high precision for measuring large deformation. Based on the experimental data of true stress-strain measured by DIC combined with the data from a tensile test machine, the methodology for establishing a con...
Homogeneity is one of the most important factors affecting the performance-related properties of asphalt mixtures. Pavement condition surveys have shown various patterns of distress due to segregation and other types of non-uniformity. Using digital image processing, a statistical method was developed to evaluate asphalt mixture homogeneity quantit...
To study the thermal comfort of any helmet, it is important to measure micro-climate parameters quantitatively within the helmet and link them to human perception. The micro-climate in helmet is usually assessed in terms of temperature and relative humidity (RH). Historically, due to limitations of test equipment, measurements have mainly addressed...
Supplier selection is an important decision for effective supply chain project management (SCPM) of Notebook PC. Due to global business competition, suppliers are required to supply raw materials with the right quality and quantity. Suppliers are responsible for reducing the inventory costs and improving product quality. This paper deals with the d...
This paper presents the results of a study that was conducted to evaluate the performance and constructability of warm mix asphalt (WMA) mixtures containing reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP). Four sections were constructed at the indoor Accelerated Pavement Loading Facility at Ohio University. Aspha-min, Sasobit, and Evotherm WMA mixtures were used...
Adhesive applied roofing systems (AARS), a new generation of built-up roofs, are gaining popularity in North American low slope application. AARS uses no fasteners and all components (e.g., deck, vapour barrier, insulation board, and membrane) are integrated by the use of adhesives. As there are no metal fasteners, AARS can offer an advantage of re...
To strengthen competitiveness, many shipowners have shifted their vessels' registrations to open registers as flag of convenience (FOC) vessels. The tendency of flagging out in Taiwan is more serious. This paper adopts the analytic hierarchy process and grey relation analysis model to evaluate the relative attractiveness of different types of regis...
In this paper, we propose a time domain inverse scattering technique for reconstructing the electromagnetic properties of a homogeneous dielectric cylinder based on the finite difference time domain method and the asynchronous particle swarm optimization (APSO). The homogeneous dielectric cylinder with unknown electromagnetic properties is illumina...
The compaction and fracture of brittle spherical particles in a cylindrical vessel were experimentally and numerically studied in the context of the American Petroleum Institute Recommended Practice 60 for proppants used in the hydraulic fracturing of oil and gas wells. Because pressures within the cylindrical vessel could not be directly measured,...
Energy efficiency in household appliances is a concern in energy saving scenarios. Especially, the equipment for cooking is very likely for energy waste since a lot of energy is used to produce steam, where simmering the goods to be cooked is sufficient. The reduction of this loss is the main goal of the energy optimization of cooking equipment. In...
Transportation authorities need tools to characterize the structural conditions of jointed concrete pavements (JCPs) to minimize or, in the best case, prevent premature failures of rehabilitated JCPs. Applications of the rolling dynamic deflectometer (RDD) and ground penetrating radar (GPR) in pavement forensic studies and rehabilitation investigat...
In this study, we focus on the preparation, microstructures, and properties of polyurethane (PU) elastomers by using polyether glycol, toluene diisocyanate, and extender chain reagent. We find that the elastomers prepared by using extender chain reagent exhibit the most excellent mechanical properties. Furthermore, by an optimum synthetic route, ha...
An electronics manufacturing facility in Colorado was constructed with typical commercial steel framing containing fiberglass batt insulation with foil-facing as the vapor retarder. A large portion of the facility required constant positive space pressurization and an indoor relative humidity (RH) of 48 % RH at 21°C (70°F). Due to a lack of contain...
This paper deals with the viability of using reclaimed polyethylene (PE) derived from low-density PE carry bags in shredded form collected from domestic waste as stabilizing fibers to evaluate the performance of stone matrix asphalt (SMA). Conventional SMA mixtures were used as reference mixture and were prepared using 60/70-grade asphalt cement an...
Crack sealing is a practice used for routine and preventive maintenance as part of a pavement's preservation strategy. However, crack sealant failures are common in Texas, particularly within the first 3 years of application (or service life). The major causes of sealant failures can be classified under two categories: Adhesion failure and cohesion...
It is often necessary to determine the slope of a linear region within a test record, and for standardization purposes, it is desirable to have a method for determining the slope that is not subjective.A fully automated algorithm is presented, which is independent of operator judgment for data sets that meet specific quality of data and fit criteri...
Market share is highly corrected with customer satisfaction and business success; many companies increase their outsourcing level to keep their core competition. Supplier selection problems have become an important issue of production management. Process yield is a standard criterion in the manufacturing industry as a common measure on process perf...
The vibration signals analysis from the water hydraulic motor is the most modern technique for fault detection of water hydraulic motor. The machine's residual life is estimated by the detection of the fault presence and type at an earlier stage for the adequate plan of maintenance. The most important components in the impulsive vibration signal sp...
Expanded vitrified small hollow ball (EVSB), made from a special type of perlite mineral is one of the recently developed materials in China. It is widely used as a cementitious thermal insulating mortar for building envelope construction in hot-humid areas of southern China. However, EVSB is a porous material sensitive to environmental moisture. T...
The paper deals with the results of an experimental investigation into the free shrinkage of high performance steel fiber reinforced concrete (HP-SFRC). The development over time of the autogenous, total, and drying shrinkage of HP-SFRC, with a steel fiber content of between 0.25%and2%by volume and that of a comparable high performance concrete (HP...
Scenario analysis (SA) is one of the methodologies utilized for forecasting issues within long-term events. Past researches have typically used SA to attain foresight into future issues that focus on a short-term time frame. Nevertheless, SA implies some weaknesses in that it is unable to define the transition between time states clearly and it can...
Current crack sealant specifications utilize a simple empirical bond test [ASTM D5329, "Standard Test Methods for Sealants and Fillers, Hot-Applied, for Joints and Cracks in Asphaltic and Portland Cement Concrete Pavements"] to measure a sealant's ability to adhere to concrete briquettes. However, no correlation exists between the results of this s...
This paper presents a successful application of dynamic compaction (DC) as a remedy to strengthen a poorly compacted expressway in Hunan (China). Comprehensive laboratory and in situ field tests were employed to determine the optimum drop height, number of tamping, grid spacing, and depth of densification that will achieve the most desirable result...
