Qiao Zhang’s research while affiliated with Southwest Petroleum University and other places

Diphenolic acid/furfurylamine‐based bio‐benzoxazine (DPA‐fa‐Boz) was selected here as the starting material to prepare a phenol hydroxyl‐containing polyamide (PA) derivative, PA‐DFB, via sustainable benzoxazine‐isocyanide mechanochemistry (BIC‐MC). Further, a type of PA/phosphazene‐based, organic–inorganic covalent hybrid (PD‐HCCP), which comprises various N/P/O‐containing substructures (NP ring, amide, carboxylic acid, and tertiary amine), was successfully prepared by the condensation between PA‐DFB and hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (HCCP). The presence of heteroatoms‐containing segments endows PD‐HCCP with specific affinity for some cationic agents. PD‐HCCP's binding capability for Pb(II) can be feasibly utilized for the detection of this heavy metal. The downstream application investigation of PD‐HCCP revealed that it can be used as an enrichment‐type Pb(II) electrochemical probe, characterizing a wide detection range (1–40 μM) and a low detection limit (0.0245 μM). Meanwhile, PD‐HCCP also showed the selective binding for cationic dye, methylene blue (MB), providing a maximum adsorption capacity of ~424.97 mg/g and a high adsorption rate (with 98% removal efficiency at 6 min), with the pseudo‐second‐order rate constant up to 0.0325 g mg ⁻¹ min ⁻¹ .

The construction of polymer/phosphazene organic-inorganic hybrids using biomass can improve the sustainability of their preparation. In addition, introducing diverse functional units to these hybrids is a potential way to broaden their downstream applications. Herein, a benzoxazine derivative (AP-f), prepared from biomasses (apigenin and furfurylamine), is used as starting materials to construct a polymer/phosphazene hybrid. Through efficient benzoxazine-isocyanide-mechanochemistry (BIC-MC), a bio-polyamide derivative (PA-af) containing diverse molecular fragments (amide, phenolic hydroxyl, and tertiary amine) is prepared by solid-state ball-milling. Using PA-af as a phenolic source, a novel polyamide (PA)/phosphazene organic-inorganic hybrid (PACP-af) is successfully constructed by condensation with hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (HCCP). PACP-af shows selective adsorption for cationic dye methylene blue (MB). Experimental results show that the maximum adsorption capacity of MB by PACP-af reaches 598.4 mg/g, and the adsorption process followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir adsorption model. PACP-af is also used as an enrichment-type Pb (II) electrochemical probe with an acceptable detection range (1–100 μM) and detection limit (0.085 μM).