Qian Tang’s research while affiliated with Shenzhen Polytechnic and other places

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Publications (2)


Representative pigments that produce different colours and their corresponding natural sources are as follows: The red hue in red rice is attributed to monascorubrin, while shrimp's red colour originates from astaxanthin. The orange colouration in carrots and oranges stems from α‐carotene. Maize and yellow leaves derive their yellow colour from zeaxanthin and quercetin, respectively. Chlorophyll a is responsible for the green colour of green algae and green plants. Blueberries and flowers owe their blue colour to malvidin and indigo blue pigments. The indigo shade in mulberries and eggplants is due to various types of anthocyanins. Similarly, the violet colour in flowers and onions is also a result of anthocyanins.
A simplified flowchart illustrating the biosynthetic pathway of pigments. In this diagram, purple boxes highlight essential precursor compounds, whereas blue boxes represent various types of pigments. Ru5P, ribulose 5‐phosphate; 3PG, 3‐phosphoglycerate; PEP, phosphoenolpyruvate; L‐DOPA, 3,4‐dihydroxy‐L‐phenylalanine; OSB, o‐succinylbenzoate; DMAPP, dimethylallyl diphosphate; IPP, isopentenyl diphosphate; Acetyl‐CoA, Acetyl coenzyme A; ALA, 5‐aminolevulinic acid.
Biosynthetic network of the main flavonoids in plants. The illuminated spots exhibit the hues of various substances, while the dashed arrow indicates multiple reactions occurring during the step. The display of different colours signifies the synthetic routes of various flavonoid types. The core intermediate substances and precursors are highlighted with black boxes. PAL, phenylalanine ammonia lyase; FNS, flavone synthase; F6H, flavonoid 6‐hydroxylase; C4H, cinnamic acid 4‐hydroxylase; 4CL, 4‐coumarate: CoA ligase; CHS, chalcone synthase; CHR, chalcone reductase; CHI, chalcone isomerase; IFS, isoflavone synthase; HID, 2‐hydroxyisoflavanone dehydratase; F3' H, flavanone 3'‐hydroxylase; F3H, flavanone 3‐hydroxylase; DFR, dihydroflavonol 4‐reductase; ANS, anthocyanidin synthase; FLS, flavonol synthase; LAR, leucoanthocyanidin reductase; ANR, anthocyanidin reductase (Liu et al., 2021).
Biosynthetic pathway of natural carotenoids. In this figure, the illuminated spots display the colours of various substances. Specifically, the carotenoids belonging to C30 and C50 categories are denoted in blue. The main biosynthetic pathways are divided into α and β pathways, which are distinctly colour‐coded as green and orange, respectively. The dashed arrow indicates that multiple reactions occur within that particular step. Crucial precursors in the biosynthesis process are emphasized with black boxes. MEP, 2‐C‐methyl‐derythritol‐4‐phosphate pathway; MVA, mevalonate pathways; FPP, farnesyl pyrophosphate; GGPP, geranylgeranyl diphosphate; GGPPS, GGPP synthase; PSY, phytoene synthase; PDS, phytoene desaturase; ZDS, ξ‐carotene desaturase; CRTISO, carotenoid isomerase; LCYB, lycopene β‐cyclase; LYCE, lycopene ε‐cyclase; CHYB, β‐carotene hydroxylase; CHYE, ε‐carotene hydroxylase; ZEP, zeaxanthin epoxidase; VDE, violaxanthin de‐epoxidase (DellaPenna and Pogson, 2006).
Biosynthetic pathway of three representative pyrroles. The synthesis pathways of chlorophyll a (a), prodigiosin and tambjamines (b) are denoted by orange, green, and pink colours, respectively. The rendered light spots show the colours of different substances. The hollow arrow suggests multiple reactions in the step. ALAD, 5‐aminoleculinic acid dehydratase; PBGD, porphobilinogen deaminase; UROS, uroporphyrinogen III synthase; UROD, uroporphyrinogen III decarboxylase; CPO, coproporphyrinogen III oxidase; PPO, protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase; MgCh, Mg‐chelatase; MgMT, Mg‐protoporphyrin IX methyltransferase; MgCY, Mg‐protoporphyrin IX monomethylester cyclase; POR, protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase; DVR, 3,8‐divinyl protochlorophyllide a 8‐vinyl reductase; CHLG, chlorophyll synthase; MAP, 2‐methyl‐3amyl‐pyrrole; MBC, 4‐methoxy‐2,2′‐bipyrrole‐5‐carbaldehyde; DDEA, cis‐dodec‐3en‐1‐amine (Paul et al., 2022; Picott et al., 2020; Tanaka et al., 2011).

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Natural pigments derived from plants and microorganisms: classification, biosynthesis, and applications
  • Literature Review
  • Full-text available

December 2024

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144 Reads

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2 Citations

Qian Tang

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Zhibo Li

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Ningxin Chen

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[...]

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Qiao Zhao

Pigments, as coloured secondary metabolites, endow the world with a rich palette of colours. They primarily originate from plants and microorganisms and play crucial roles in their survival and adaptation processes. In this article, we categorize pigments based on their chemical structure into flavonoids, carotenoids, pyrroles, quinones, azaphilones, melanins, betalains, flavins, and others. We further meticulously describe the colours, sources, and biosynthetic pathways, including key enzymatic steps and regulatory networks that control pigment production, in both plants and microorganisms. In particular, we highlight the role of transport proteins and transcription factors in fine‐tuning these pathways. Finally, we introduce the use of pigments in practical production and research, aiming to provide new insights and directions for the application of coloured compounds in diverse fields, such as agriculture, industry, and medicine.

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6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase 2 bridges the OPP and shikimate pathways to enhance aromatic amino acid production in plants

July 2024

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18 Reads

Science China. Life sciences

The oxidative pentose phosphate (OPP) pathway provides metabolic intermediates for the shikimate pathway and directs carbon flow to the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids (AAAs), which serve as basic protein building blocks and precursors of numerous metabolites essential for plant growth. However, genetic evidence linking the two pathways is largely unclear. In this study, we identified 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase 2 (PGD2), the rate-limiting enzyme of the cytosolic OPP pathway, through suppressor screening of arogenate dehydrogenase 2 (adh2) in Arabidopsis. Our data indicated that a single amino acid substitution at position 63 (glutamic acid to lysine) of PGD2 enhanced its enzyme activity by facilitating the dissociation of products from the active site of PGD2, thus increasing the accumulation of AAAs and partially restoring the defective phenotype of adh2. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the point mutation occurred in a well-conserved amino acid residue. Plants with different amino acids at this conserved site of PGDs confer diverse catalytic activities, thus exhibiting distinct AAAs producing capability. These findings uncover the genetic link between the OPP pathway and AAAs biosynthesis through PGD2. The gain-of-function point mutation of PGD2 identified here could be considered as a potential engineering target to alter the metabolic flux for the production of AAAs and downstream compounds.

Citations (1)


... [10,11] Apart from L-DOPA, other catecholamines like dopamine or norepinephrine, with or without cysteine, have been described as the precursors of neuromelanin, a MN material found in the brain of humans or animals. [12] Plant, fungal and some bacterial MN are built from nitrogen-free precursors, e.g., homogentisic acid, catechol or dihydroxynaphthalene. [2,3,13,14] The experiments described in this report involve MN-like materials synthesized from a wide variety of catecholic (ortho diphenolic) ...

Reference:

Disorder vs. order: the common features in the spectroscopic analyses of diverse melanin materials
Natural pigments derived from plants and microorganisms: classification, biosynthesis, and applications