Pietro de Oliveira Scarascia’s scientific contributions

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Publications (10)


Simulated landscapes with different habitat fragmentation (high, moderate and low) and habitat percentages, along with their respective number of fragments (nf), average fragment size (tm) in hectares and average distance between fragments (dm) in meters
A Life cycle diagram of the species Euterpe edulis based on data from Souza et al. (2018), with the addition of the seed stage (Silva & Reis 2019). Ellipses represent the five different growth stages, while arrows represent potential transitions between stages. Arrows originating and ending in the same stage represent stasis probabilities, whereas arrows connecting one stage to another represent growth probabilities. Specifically, the arrow linking the Adult stage to the Seeds stage does not represent a probability but rather an integer value corresponding to the number of seeds a single adult individual can produce. B The average transition matrix calculated across the periods 2012–2013, 2013–2014 and 2014–2015 for the population of Euterpe edulis derived from its life cycle (A). The matrix elements represent the probability of survival and remaining in the same stage, the probability of survival and growth to the next stage, and the mean fertility per reproductive individuals (the value of 3500)
Abundance (A and B) and density (C and D) of adult individuals of Euterpe edulis in the landscape relative to the three independent variables (percentage of habitat, habitat fragmentation, and defaunation status). Def Defaunated, Ndef Non-defaunated
Effects of defaunation of large seed dispersers, habitat loss and fragmentation on the population expansion of a tropical palm
  • Article
  • Full-text available

March 2025

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83 Reads

Landscape Ecology

Patrick Faria Fernandes

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Vinícius de Avelar São-Pedro

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Breno de Lima Souza

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[...]

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Content Habitat loss and fragmentation are two processes resulting from land-use changes that significantly affect biodiversity worldwide. These two processes alongside illegal hunting are the main causes of the reduction in fauna diversity, richness, and biomass, which together characterize defaunation. Large animal species are the most affected by this process, compromising ecosystem services such as seed dispersal. Objectives We evaluated the isolated and combined effects of habitat loss, fragmentation and the nonrandom defaunation of large seed dispersers on the population expansions of the tropical palm Euterpe edulis. Methods We modeled the spatial dynamics of the species via RangeShiftR in landscapes with different degrees of habitat percentage and fragmentation, simulating two distinct scenarios: nondefaunated, with a complete assembly of avian seed dispersers, and defaunated, with an impoverished assembly of large avian frugivores. Then, we developed linear regression models using the total abundance and density at the end of a 100-year simulation as response variable, and we selected the best model based on the Akaike information criterion. Results Habitat loss, fragmentation, and defaunation negatively affect the abundance and density of E. edulis. Furthermore, the interaction effect between defaunation and habitat percentage was significant, indicating that in nondefaunated scenarios, the abundance and density of E. edulis increase substantially. Additionally, habitat loss has a greater negative effect on population expansion than fragmentation, which has a lower predictive power. Conclusion These results help address the effects of habitat loss, fragmentation and defaunation on the population expansion of E. edulis. Our models contribute to the strategic planning of actions aimed at the conservation of E. edulis, highlighting habitat loss as a central point in allocating efforts for the protection of this species, as well as the importance of considering fauna data in estimates of the population expansion capacity of plant species.

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Effects of defaunation of large seed dispersers, habitat loss and fragmentation on the population expansion of a tropical palm

August 2024

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102 Reads

Content Habitat degradation and hunting are the main causes of the reduction in fauna diversity, richness, and biomass, characterizing defaunation. Large animal species are the most affected by this process, compromising ecosystem services such as seed dispersal. Objectives We evaluated the effects of the nonrandomdefaunation of large seed dispersers, habitat loss and fragmentation on the expansion dynamics of tropical palms (Euterpe edulis) populations. Methods We modeled the spatial dynamics of the species via RangeShiftR in landscapes with different degrees of habitat percentage and fragmentation, simulating two distinct scenarios: nondefaunated, with a complete assembly of seed dispersers, and defaunated, with an impoverished assembly of large frugivores. Then, we developed linear regression models, and the best model was selected using the Akaike information criterion. Results Habitat loss, fragmentation, and defaunation synergistically affect the abundance and density of palm hearts. Furthermore, the interaction effect between defaunation and habitat percentage was significant, indicating that in nondefaunation scenarios, the abundance and occupation of palm hearts increase substantially. Additionally, habitat loss has a greater effect on population expansion than fragmentation, which has a lower predictive power. Conclusion These results help addressthe individual and synergistic effects of defaunation, habitat loss and fragmentation on the population expansion of palm hearts. Our models contribute to the strategic planning of actions aimed at the conservation of palm hearts, highlighting habitat loss as a central point in allocating efforts for the protection of this species, as well as the importance of considering fauna data in estimates of the population expansion capacity of plant species.


Programa de Abertura de Escalada em Rocha na Floresta Nacional de Ipanema

April 2022

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5 Reads

Biodiversidade Brasileira

A Floresta Nacional de Ipanema (FNI), além de sua importância ambiental e histórica, é um relevante atrativo turístico regional. A demanda social por mais e melhores atividades recreacionais em contato com a natureza na UC aumentou nas últimas décadas e culminou em um projeto de abertura de vias de escalada de forma sustentável na FNI. A execução do projeto é fruto de um trabalho conjunto do Instituto Manacá com o ICMBio, e teve apoio financeiro da SOS Mata Atlântica. Para execução do projeto, foram mapeadas área com potencial para escalada no Morro Araçoiaba e áreas de ocorrência ou nidificação do urubu-rei (Sarcoramphus papa), buscando identificar locais apropriados para implementação de vias de escalada que não impactassem no comportamento da espécie. Após essa etapa, foram realizadas diferentes atividades para estruturar a atividade na FNI como capacitação dos condutores, implantação de vias de escalada e abertura e sinalização de trilhas, elaboração do plano de uso público para prática de escalada, elaboração de um guia digital para os escaladores, entre outros produtos e serviços. Dos 17 setores de escalada mapeados, foram implantados 5, com diferentes vias de escalada em cada setor. Após a abertura dos setores de escalada, notou-se a presença contínua de escaladores na FNI e a maior parte desse público avaliou o atrativo como excelente ou bom. O desafio é continuar monitorando os impactos da atividade e envolvendo a comunidade de escaladores na gestão da FNI e na solução de possíveis problemas ocasionados pela atividade.




NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

November 2020

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8,743 Reads

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53 Citations

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non‐detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non‐governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer‐reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non‐detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio‐temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large‐scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data.


NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

November 2020

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5,954 Reads

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47 Citations

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal‐central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation‐related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data.


Figure 2 -IIB attributes and values related to each variable measured in the Trápaga RPPN. The Y axis shows the data measured in the field (IIB -value), the values of X represent the result of the integrity scale of each sample plot (IIB -integrity classes)
Indicators used for the analysis of the Biotic Integrity Index, its attributes and punctuation for each variable
Relationship between the score of the IIB values measured in the field and their respective classes
Adaptação e eficiência de um índice para análise da integridade biótica em Floresta Ombrófila Densa

June 2020

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107 Reads

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1 Citation

Ciência Florestal

Diante dos diversos métodos de mensuração da integridade biótica de determinada área de floresta evidencia-se a Avaliação Ecológica Rápida (AER). Com base na AER foi desenvolvido um índice para avaliar a condição da vegetação, denominado Índice de Integridade Biótica (IIB). A aferição e precisão deste índice retratam o quão íntegro um dado ecossistema florestal se encontra no momento da análise. O alicerce para a eficiência na aplicação do IIB está na escolha correta dos indicadores de integridade biótica, ou seja, nas variáveis a serem mensuradas. O presente estudo partiu de um índice anteriormente proposto para Floresta Estacional Semidecidual (FES), e teve como objetivo adaptar o IIB para uso em área de Floresta Ombrófila Densa no Estado de São Paulo, bem como testar sua eficiência no diagnóstico da integridade de fragmentos de Floresta Ombrófila Densa (FOD) inseridos em matriz rural. Dos onze indicadores presentes no método original, alguns foram mantidos como no original ou adaptados, alguns retirados e alguns novos foram criados. O IIB adaptado foi aplicado numa área de FOD de 70 hectares. Para isso, foram utilizadas 20 parcelas de 10x10m, dentro da área amostral. Os resultados mostraram uma variação do IIB entre 28 e 47, ou seja, 2 parcelas registraram integridade baixa, 11 integridade média e 7 integridade boa. A área como um todo apresentou integridade regular, o que era esperado devido ao seu tamanho, ao entorno agrícola e ao histórico de perturbações. O IIB mostrou-se adaptado e eficiente para análise da integridade biótica da FOD, pois conseguiu mostrar a diferença de integridade entre diferentes trechos de Floresta Ombrófila Densa. Os indicadores menos eficientes foram: “cobertura de serapilheira” e “espécies exóticas lenhosas”. Os mais eficientes foram: “Euterpe edulis”, “epífitas”, “clareiras” e “cipós/lianas”.


Figura 3-Tocaia para observação das armadilhas. 
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Dados biométricos e fisiológicos de Saguinus martinsi martinsi em floresta de terra firme, Amazônia, Brasil

December 2017

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406 Reads

Dados biométricos e fisiológicos de Saguinus martinsi martinsi em Floresta de Terra Firme, Amazônia, Brasil RESUMO-Saguinus martinsi martinsi está distribuído ao norte do Rio Amazonas, entre os rios Nhamundá e Erepecurú, a oeste do estado do Pará. Poucos estudos foram realizados acerca desse táxon e não existe nenhum que aborde sua biologia. Para preencher a lacuna de conhecimento, este projeto objetivou a análise biométrica e fisiológica de indivíduos capturados na natureza, com um processo de captura dividido em etapas. No total, foram 16 indivíduos capturados, de três grupos distintos, sendo: oito machos, sete fêmeas e um indefinido, dos quais 11 eram adultos, três subadultos, um jovem e um filhote. Houve significativa diferença entre o tamanho dos caninos dos machos e das fêmeas, e também dos movimentos respiratórios por minuto. O método de captura mostrou-se eficiente, podendo ser utilizado como modelo para outros estudos envolvendo o gênero Saguinus ou mesmo calitriquídeos de modo geral. Palavras-chave: Floresta Nacional de Saracá-Taquera; primatas; armadilhas Tomahawk; biometria; fisiologia. ABSTRACT-Biometric and physiological Data on Saguinus martinsi martinsi in a Terra Firme Forest, Brazilian Amazon. Martins' barefaced tamarin, Saguinus martinsi, occurs north of the Rio Amazonas between the rios Nhamundá and Erepecurú, in the west of the state of Pará. Very few studies have addressed the ecology of this species. The principal goal of this study was to perform a biometric and Recebido em 31/10/2016-Aceito em 18/09/2017 Afiliação 1 Instituto Manacá, Rod. SP-139, km 80, São Miguel Arcanjo/SP,


Extração ilegal do palmito juçara: uma ameaça às espécies cinegéticas da Mata Atlântica.

October 2015

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397 Reads

Com as informações levantadas na pesquisa, detectou-se a ocorrência frequente de caça e extração de palmito na região sul do Parque Estadual de Carlos Botelho (SP). É importante salientar que o PECB abriga a maior população de muriquis-do-sul e é uma das poucas UCs que abriga uma população viável de muriqui-do-sul e de antas. Dessa forma, trata-se de uma área prioritária para a execução de estratégias mitigadoras de pressões antrópicas como a caça e a extração de palmito juçara, visando à conservação em longo prazo das espécies cinegéticas.

Citations (2)


... Although the species presents a large extent of occurrence at continental level, its area of occupancy is considerably smaller. In addition, the margay is one of the least studied felines as camera trap surveys are more likely dedicated to assess jaguars and ocelots (Brodie, 2009;de la Torre et al., 2017;Nagy-Reis et al., 2020;Tobler & Powell, 2013). ...

Reference:

Assessing Suitable Habitat and Functional Connectivity for Margay ( Leopardus wiedii ) in Central Western Forests in Michoacán, México
NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

... From a public health perspective, maintaining active surveillance is crucial for monitoring the virus' occurrence, as the widespread circulation of HPAI viruses in marine mammals is a warning that must not be ignored, particularly due to the potential for spillover into the human population. In addition, recent cases of H5N1 fatalities in pets following contact with deceased animals in various countries around the world (Briand et al. 2023;EFSA 2023;NCIRD 2024) underscore the possibility of wildlifeto-pet transmission in South America, where there is a significant population of both owned and stray dogs and cats (Arona and Schiavini 2023;Ortega 2024;Rosa et al. 2020). Given these risks, a coordinated and structured approach to emergency response is critical. ...

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics