Pierre Briole's research while affiliated with Ecole Normale Supérieure de Paris and other places
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Publications (133)
The south-eastern sector of the Mount Etna, Italy, is characterized by numerous active faults, in particular the Belpasso–Ognina lineament, the Tremestieri–San Gregorio–Acitrezza fault, the Trecastagni fault and the Fiandaca–Nizzeti fault including the Timpe Fault System. Their activity is the result of both volcanism and tectonics. Here, we analys...
In May 2018, the Mayotte island, located in the Indian Ocean, was affected by an unprecedented seismic crisis, followed by anomalous on-land surface displacements in July 2018. Cumulatively from July 1, 2018 to December 31, 2021, the horizontal displacements were approximately 21 to 25 cm eastward, and subsidence was approximately 10 to 19 cm. The...
Moderate‐to‐large earthquakes in rifts may occur on leading boundary faults or inner antithetic faults. Here we show a rare case of the 2020–2021 seismic sequence in the Corinth rift, that culminated in the shallow rupture of the antithetic fault, neither preceded nor followed by the leading fault rupture. The hypocenter of the largest shock (Mw 5....
A strong, shallow earthquake occurred near Heraklion (Crete, Greece) on 27 September 2021. The earthquake produced significant ground deformation in the vicinity of Arkalochori village but without any evidence for surface ruptures of primary origin. We used geodetic (InSAR and GNSS) data to map motions of the Earth’s surface that occurred during an...
In the past 20 years, the Corinth Rift Laboratory (CRL) network has been closely monitoring the Western Gulf of Corinth (WGoC), the area being the main focus of the Corinth Rift Near Fault Observatory.
The local seismological and geodetic network permitted the detection and location of microseismicity in high resolution, revealing complex sequences...
Here we present a joint analysis of the geodetic, seismological and geological data of the March 2021 Northern Thessaly seismic sequence, that were gathered and processed as of April 30, 2021. First, we relocated seismicity data from regional and local networks and inferred the dip-direction (NE) and dip-angle (38°) of the March 3, 2021 rupture pla...
We investigate a seismic crisis that occurred in the western Gulf of Corinth (Greece) between December 2020 and February 2021. This area is the main focus of the Corinth Rift Laboratory (CRL) network, and has been closely monitored with local seismological and geodetic networks for 20 yr. The 2020–2021 seismic crisis evolved in three stages: It sta...
The South East Aegean Sea is seismically active with crustal and intermediate-depth earthquakes of magnitude that can exceed the magnitude Mw = 7. On July 20, 2017, a shallow normal faulting Mw = 6.6 earthquake occurred in the Gulf of Gökova, 10 km away from the cities of Kos and Bodrum. A tsunami hit the coasts of Turkey and Kos Island with waves...
Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (InSAR) is a space geodetic technique used for mapping deformations of the Earth’s surface. It has been developed and used increasingly during the last thirty years to measure displacements produced by earthquakes, volcanic activity and other crustal deformations. A limiting factor to this technique is the ef...
In the last thirty years, Synthetic Aperture Radar interferometry (InSAR) and the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) have become fundamental space geodetic techniques for mapping surface deformations due to tectonic movements. One major limiting factor to those techniques is the effect of the troposphere, as surface velocities are of the ord...
On 30 October 2020, a large Mw = 7.0 earthquake occurred north of the island of Samos, Greece. Here we present the characteristics of the seismic fault (location, geometry, geodetic moment) as inferred from the processing of geodetic data (InSAR and GNSS). We use the InSAR displacement data from Sentinel-1 interferograms (ascending orbit 29 and des...
On March 3, 2021 a Mw=6.3 shallow earthquake occurred in the mountainous region of Damasi, about 20 km to the northwest of Larisa, Thessaly, central Greece, in a region of active crustal extension but of low strain. This event was followed by a Mw=6.0 shallow earthquake on March 4, 2021 about 12 km to the northwest, inside the sedimentary basin of...
We calculate and analyse the coordinate time series of 282 permanent GPS stations located in Greece and 47 in surrounding countries. The studied period is 2000–2020. The average GPS time series length is 6.5 years. The formal velocity uncertainties are rescaled to be consistent with the velocity scatters measured at 110 pairs of stations separated...
Following the installation of a temporary seismological network in western Greece north of the Gulf of Patras, we determined the quality of the sites of each of the 10 stations in the network. For this, we used the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) method and calculated an average curve over randomly selected days between 0 Hz and 10 Hz....
Space techniques based on GPS and SAR interferometry allow measuring millimetric ground deformations. Achieving such accuracy means removing atmospheric anomalies that frequently affect volcanic areas by modeling the tropospheric delays. Due to the prominent orography and the high spatial and temporal variability of weather conditions, the active v...
We assess the accuracy and the precision of the TanDEM-X digital elevation model (DEM) of the western Gulf of Corinth, Greece. We use for that a dense set of accurate ground coordinates obtained by kinematic GNSS observations. Between 2001 and 2019, 148 surveys were made, at 1 s sampling rate, along highways, roads and tracks, with a total traveled...
![Figure 11. (Left; a,c) Intensity Prediction Equations (IPE) [45] fit on...](profile/Sotirios-Valkaniotis/publication/345955908/figure/fig4/AS:958599484432398@1605559335816/Left-a-c-Intensity-Prediction-Equations-IPE-45-fit-on-intensity-observations-a_Q320.jpg)
![1-D P-wave velocity model for this region [21].](profile/Sotirios-Valkaniotis/publication/345955908/figure/tbl1/AS:958599484407814@1605559335920/1-D-P-wave-velocity-model-for-this-region-21_Q320.jpg)
We identify the source of the Mw = 5.6 earthquake that hit west-central Epirus on 21 March 2020 00:49:52 UTC. We use Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar interferograms tied to one permanent Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) station (GARD). We model the source by inverting the INSAR displacement data. The inversion model suggests a shallow s...
The aerosol properties of Mount Etna's passive degassing plume and its short-term processes and radiative impact were studied in detail during the EPL-RADIO campaigns (summer 2016-2017), using a synergistic combination of observations and radiative transfer modelling. Summit observations show extremely high particulate matter concentrations. Using...
On November 11, 2019, a Mw 4.9 earthquake hit the region close to Montelimar (lower Rhône Valley, France), on the eastern margin of the Massif Central close to the external part of the Alps. Occuring in a moderate seismicity area, this earthquake is remarkable for its very shallow focal depth (between 1 and 3 km), its magnitude, and the moderate to...
On November 11, 2019, a Mw 4.9 earthquake hit the region close to Montelimar (lower Rhône Valley, France), on the eastern margin of the Massif Central close to the external part of the Alps. Occuring in a moderate seismicity area, this earthquake is remarkable for its very shallow focal depth (between 1 and 3 km), its magnitude, and the moderate to...
![Figure 10 a): Simplified geological map, modified after [14,16,40]. Red...](profile/Sotirios-Valkaniotis/publication/343930481/figure/fig5/AS:929331228450816@1598581239099/a-Simplified-geological-map-modified-after-14-16-40-Red-diamonds-mark-the-locations_Q320.jpg)
We identify the source of the Mw = 5.6 earthquake that hit west-central Epirus on March 21, 2020 00:49:52 UTC. We use synthetic aperture radar interferograms tied to one permanent Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) station (GARD). We model the source by inverting the INSAR displacement data. The inversion model suggests a shallow source on a...
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Supplementary figure 1 (SF1): Model computation dashboard in case when 2 faults are considered (Referred in the text as model A). First two lines present the Dip slip estimation and its associated model variance derived from the error propagation procedure. The third and fourth lines present the Strike slip estimation and the model variance. The fi...
Supplementary figure 2 (SFIG2): Model computation dashboard in case when 1 fault is considered (Referred in the text as model B). First two lines present the Dip slip estimation and its associated model variance derived from the error propagation procedure. The third and fourth lines present the Strike slip estimation and the model variance. The fi...
The main active tectonic structure in the western part of Central Sulawesi (Indonesia) is the left-lateral Palu-Koro strike-slip fault. Its offshore section was thought not to have broken during the M w 7.5 Palu Earthquake on 28 September 2018, challenging the established knowledge of the tectonic setting at this location. Here, we use Sentinel-1 S...
On May 10th, 2018, an unprecedented long and intense seismic crisis started offshore, east of Mayotte, the easternmost of the Comoros volcanic islands. The population felt hundreds of events. Over the course of one year, 32 earthquakes with magnitude greater than 5 occurred, including the largest event ever recorded in the Comoros (Mw = 5.9 on May...
We identify the source of the Mw = 6.4 earthquake that rocked north-central Albania on November 26, 2019 02:54 UTC. We use synthetic aperture radar interferograms tied to the time series of coordinates of two permanent Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) stations (DUR2 and TIR2). We model the source by inverting the displacement data. Assumin...
Various strategies are classically used to monitor land deformation of risky environments. In order to setup a functional monitoring system several constraints must be taken into account: real time remote data availability (in crisis time, the site might be completely inaccessible), the set-up and start-up time of the monitoring system must be as s...
We investigated the kinematic rupture model of the 2018 Mw 6.8 Zakynthos, Ionian Sea (Greece), earthquake by using a non-linear joint inversion of strong motion data, high-rate GPS time series, and static co-seismic GPS displacements. We also tested inversion results against tide-gauge recordings of the small tsunami generated in the Ionian Sea. In...
On July 20, 2017 22:31 UTC, a strong M w = 6.6 earthquake occurred at shallow depth between Kos Island (Greece) and Bodrum (Turkey). We derive a co-seismic fault model from joint inversion of geodetic data (GNSS and InSAR) assuming that the earthquake can be modelled by the slip of a rectangular fault buried in an elastic and homogeneous half-space...
We describe a new elastic-kinematic model for the present tectonics of northern Central America and southern Mexico, where the Motagua-Polochic fault zone, Middle America subduction zone and faults in the Central America volcanic arc pose significant seismic hazards. The new model, which consists of the angular velocities for eight plates and block...
We analysed the ground deformation across two blocks defined by the Rio-Patras fault from 1993 to 2017 using multi-temporal Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (InSAR) techniques. Our main objective was to contribute to the assessment of seismic hazard near the large city of Patras. Multiple data-sets were used, each one covering different temp...
On 2018 May 10, a seismic crisis started ~50 km east of Mayotte, the easternmost of the Comoros volcanic islands. Here we analyze its first six months, from 2018 May 10 to November 14. In that period, 29 earthquakes with magnitude greater than 5 occurred, the main one reaching Mw = 5.9 on 2018 May 15. In mid November, the crisis was continuing with...
The zone of interaction between the Cocos (CO), Caribbean (CA) and North America (NA) plates in Guatemala is defined by the sub-parallel Motagua and Polochic strike-slip faults, a series of north-south-trending extensional grabens immediately south of the Motagua Fault, the Middle America trench, and faults within the Middle America volcanic arc. H...
The Corinth Rift is one of the narrowest and fastest extending continental regions worldwide and has one of the highest seismicity rates in the Euro-Mediterranean region. At its western termination, several active faults are located beneath the city of Patras and the surrounding area, a region of major socioeconomic importance for Greece. Displacem...
The availability of GPS survey data spanning 22 years, along with several independent velocity solutions including up to 16 years of permanent GPS data, presents a unique opportunity to search for persistent (and thus reliable) deformation patterns in the Western Alps, which in turn allow a reinterpretation of the active tectonics of this region. W...
22:31 UTC, a strong Mw = 6.6 earthquake occurred at 10-km depth offshore Kos (Greece) and Bodrum (Turkey). We derive a co-seismic fault model from joint inversion of geodetic data (GNSS and InSAR). We assume that the earthquake can be modelled by dip-slip along a rectangular fault buried in an elastic and homogenous half-space. The GNSS observation...
We use continuous and campaign measurements from 215 GPS sites in northern Central America and southern Mexico to estimate coseismic and afterslip solutions for the 2009 Mw = 7.3 Swan Islands fault strike-slip earthquake and the 2012 Mw = 7.3 El Salvador and Mw = 7.4 Guatemala thrust-faulting earthquakes on the Middle America trench. Our simultaneo...
We study the tectonic deformation from the February 2017 shallow earthquake sequence onshore Biga Peninsula (NW Turkey, NE Aegean region). We use InSAR interferograms (Sentinel-1 satellites) to identify the seismic fault (striking N110°E) and seismological data (parametric data and Moment Tensor solutions from NOA and KOERI catalogues) so as to ref...
We present seismic and geodetic data analysis of the shallow, normal-faulting earthquake sequence offshore Lesvos (Aegean Sea, Greece) that was initiated by the June 12, 2017 M6.3 earthquake. We use seismological data (relo-cated events and Moment Tensor solutions from NOA and KOERI catalogues) to identify the ESE-WNW striking seismic fault and to...
Various strategies are classically used to monitor land deformation of risky environments. In order to setup a functional monitoring system several constraints must be taken into account: real time remote data availability (in crisis time, the site might be completely inaccessible), the set-up and start-up time of the monitoring system must be as q...
Mount Etna volcano (Sicily, Italy) is the place where short-lived radioactive disequilibrium measurements in volcanic gases were initiated more than 40 years ago. Almost two decades after the last measurements in Mount Etna plume, we carried out in 2015 a new survey of 210Pb-210Bi-210Po radioactive disequilibria in gaseous emanations from the volca...
The 2015/11/17 Lefkada (Greece) earthquake ruptured a segment of the Cephalonia Transform Fault (CTF) where probably the penultimate major event was in 1948. Using near-source strong motion and high sampling rate GPS data and Sentinel-1A SAR images on two tracks, we performed the inversion for the geometry, slip distribution and rupture history of...
Objectives: we present seismic and geodetic data analysis of the shallow, normal-faulting earthquake sequence offshore Lesvos (Aegean Sea, Greece) that was initiated by the June 12, 2017 M6.3 earthquake. Methods and Results: We use seismological data (relocated events and Moment Tensor solutions from NOA and KOERI catalogues) to identify the ESE-WN...
We present a preliminary fault model from inversion of geodetic data regarding the shallow earthquake (M6.6) on July 20, 2017 between Kos (Greece) and Bodrum (Turkey). The model is constrained by geodetic data from Sentinel 1A/B interferograms, processed by SNAP software. The best-fit model favors a 40° north-dipping normal fault in agreement with...
22:31 UTC, a strong Mw = 6.6 earthquake occurred at shallow depth between Kos (Greece) and Bodrum (Turkey). We derive a co-seismic fault model from joint inversion of geodetic data (GNSS and InSAR). We assume that the earthquake can be modelled by the slip on a rectangular fault buried in an elastic and homogenous half-space. The GNSS observations...
The idea to create advanced platforms for the Earth Observation community, where the users can find data but also state-of-art algorithms, processing tools, computing facilities, and instruments for dissemination and sharing, has been launched several years ago. The initiatives developed in this context have been supported firstly by the Framework...
Mt. Etna (Italy) is a composite stratovolcano and one of the most active volcanoes in the world. Eruptions occur almost every year and there is a persistent degassing activity at the summit craters. The aim of this study is to investigate the capabilities of the spectral signatures and polarimetric backscatter coefficient values on the discriminati...
In 2013, a multidisciplinary research cluster named EtnaPlumeLab (EPL) was established, gathering experts from volcanology and atmospheric science communities. Target of EPL is to advance the understanding of Mt. Etna’s gas and aerosol emissions and the related processes, from source to its regional climatic impact in the Mediterranean area. Here,...
The Geohazards Exploitation Platform (GEP) is a European Space Agency (ESA) initiative within the ecosystem of Thematic Exploitation Platforms (TEP) focuses on the integration of Ground Segment capabilities and ICT technologies to maximize the exploitation of EO data from past and future missions. A TEP refers to a computing platform that deals wit...
The emission of gases and aerosols due to volcanic activity may impact significantly atmospheric composition, cloud occurrence and properties, and the regional and global climate. While the effects of strong explosive (stratospheric) eruptions are relatively well known, limited information on the impacts of small to moderate volcanic activities, in...
Transition from subduction to collision occurs in Western Greece and is accommodated along the downgoing plate by the Kefalonia right-lateral fault that transfers the Hellenic subduction front to the Apulian collision front. Here we present an active tectonic study of Aitolo-Akarnania (Western Greece) that highlights how such a transition is accomm...
In this paper we combine SO2 and ash plume dispersion modelling with satellite and surface remote sensing observations to study the regional influence of a relatively weak volcanic eruption from Mount Etna on the optical and micro-physical properties of Mediterranean aerosols. We analyse the Mount Etna eruption episode of 25–27 October 2013. The ev...
Santorini Volcanic Complex (SVC) during the period 1992–2010 is characterized by the gradual deflation signal over Nea Kameni volcano. However, at the beginning of 2011 the volcano showed signs of unrest with increased micro-seismic activity and significant ground uplift. A gradual decrease of inflation rates within the first quarter of 2012 was co...
SAR interferometery and GPS, used at Mount Etna since more than twenty years, show that the volcano is characterized by a relatively
stable western domain and a mobile eastern flank. The boundary between both is well defined to the north with a unique discontinuity,
the Pernicana left lateral fault. The south boundary is more complex with several r...
Mitigation of volcanic risk is feasible and thus reducing damages can be achieved by knowing in detail about structure and history of the volcanoes, eruption mechanisms, unrest behaviour etc. The identification, analysis and evaluation of risk comprise the basis for timely, well oriented and essential disaster management. It is clear that reducing...
The Gulf of Corinth (Greece) has been long identified as a site of major importance due to its intense and high variety of past geophysical activity. It has one of the highest seismicity rates in the Euro-Mediterranean region occurred from a variety of fault mechanisms. The rifting mechanism observed is crucial for the stability of the region as it...
Mt. Etna is a young composite strato-volcano and one of the most active volcanoes in the world. Eruptions occur almost every year with a persistent degassing activity at the summit craters. In the last 100 years it has produced in average 107m3 of new lava per year. The main goal of our work is to detect land cover changes, including different lava...
Mt. Etna (Italy) is a composite strato-volcano and one of the most active volcanoes in the world. Eruptions occur almost every year and there is a persistent degassing activity at the summit craters. The main goal of our work is to discriminate different lava flows as well as detect land cover changes over the volcano that occurred between 2009 and...
Monitoring dam performance is a critical parameter in maintaining a safe dam. Safety concerns include seepage, internal erosion, and seismic issues in the case that the dam is located in high seismic hazard areas. Seismic considerations for dam safety among others includes the expected dam's performance during seismic events. The scope of this rese...