Peter H. Scanlon MD, MRCOphth, DCH, FRCP Consultant Ophthalmologist Lecturer’s research while affiliated with University of Oxford and other places

Definitions of BlindnessCosts of Blindness Due to Diabetic RetinopathyCosts of Treatment for Diabetic RetinopathyReduced Vision and Quality of LifeLow Vision RehabilitationPractice PointsReferences

HypertensionRetinal Arterial OcclusionsRetinal Venous OcclusionsAnterior Ischaemic Optic NeuropathyAsteroid HyalosisMacroaneurysmPractice PointReferences

Principles of ScreeningThe Exeter StandardsPractice PointsReferences

The Relevant AnatomyThe Photographic AppearanceFluorescein Angiographic AppearancePresentationThe ‘Early Worsening’ PhenomenonMultidisciplinary Approach and Treatment of Associated Risk FactorsLaser Treatment for Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (see Fig. 9.2c)Anti-VEGF TreatmentsVitreous Haemorrhage Obscuring the Retinal ViewPractice PointsReferences

MicroaneurysmsRetinal HaemorrhagesExudates (or Hard Exudates)Cotton Wool SpotsA Single Venous LoopPractice PointsReferences

Moderate and Severe NPDR (ETDRS and International)1 and Preproliferative DR (UK Screening)2Retinal HaemorrhagesIntraretinal Microvascular AbnormalityVenous BeadingPractice PointsReferences

The Relevant Anatomy of the EyeThe Photographic AppearanceFluorescein AngiographyNormal OCT AppearanceElectroretinographyPractice PointReferences

Drusen and AMDMyelinated Nerve FibresSickle Cell RetinopathyCoats' DiseaseRadiation RetinopathyInterferon RetinopathyPractice PointReferences

Management Issues – Laser for Proliferative DR and Concurrent MaculopathyPractice PointsReferences

ETDRS ClassificationOther ClassificationsPractice PointsReferences