Peter French's scientific contributions
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Publications (23)
A new term to describe an alleged type of social behaviour and its accompanying use of language came into prominence in the late 1980s — politically correct. The ‘correctness’ of politically correct language implied in the use of the term is different from the meaning of ‘correct English’ discussed in chapter 1. It arose in advocating and presentin...
‘Here is the news. First, the headlineschrw(133)’ For many people, ‘the news’ is an important part of daily life, both on radio and television, and in the newspaper delivered to the home or picked up in the newsagent’s or supermarket. But ‘the news’ is not the simple truth about events, waiting out there to be passed on to the rest of the country....
One of the defining features of literature is its special use of language. In many novels and short stories, in drama and especially in verse and poetry, language is itself foregrounded or ‘made strange’. Its style is different from that of other everyday uses. It is said to deviate from ordinary language. By applying to literary texts the methods...
Ordinary conversation is perhaps the most important variety of social language use, and the most basic, in the sense that in infancy we are motivated to learn the language or languages we hear around us just so that we can interact with other people. And, of course, we continue to use language in daily conversational interaction with others through...
If you have had the experience of learning a foreign language, you will have some idea of the range of knowledge that is needed in properly speaking, reading and writing that language. You have to learn about pronunciation, spelling, words and their meanings, and how to construct sentences with the words in the right order. Then there are different...
We all learn to talk before we learn to read and write. Chapter 6 describes in more detail how children learn to talk. This chapter discusses the principal differences between speech and writing as media for language. That is, we assume that the same language English, underlies talking and writing, listening and reading. Language in this sense is a...
When Chaucer wrote The Canterbury Tales at the end of the fourteenth century, there was no Standard English — that is, no single form of the language whose vocabulary and grammar were written throughout the country. He wrote in the educated variety of the London area, where he lived and worked. William Langland wrote Piers Plowman in the South Midl...
The English language was brought to the island Britannia in the first half of the fifth century AD by settlers called Angles from across the North Sea. Britannia was the Latin name for the island, which had been a colony of the Roman Empire since the conquest, which began in 43 AD. The inhabitants are referred to as Britons or Celts. When the Roman...
If we consider the range of situations in which language is used, the many kinds of people with whom we communicate, and the different purposes for which we talk or write, the task of describing all the varieties of English usage proves very daunting. To create some kind of order in studying variety in language use, a framework of concepts is taken...
This sentence appears on the front page of all the question papers of an A Level Examining Board. It presumes that you know what good English is, and that you could choose not to use it.
The rhythm of ordinary English speech derives from the patterns of stress in words and utterances. It is generally agreed that the stressed syllables in speech tend to occur at roughly regular intervals — the technical term is isochrony — especially in deliberate speech, for example (−s = unstressed syllable; +s = stressed syllable).
When people talk about regional English, they often use the words accent and dialect rather loosely and interchangeably. For example, they could say of someone, ‘She has a broad northern accent’ or, ‘She speaks a strong northern dialect’, and both statements might be understood as meaning more or less the same thing. The linguistic distinction betw...
One of the defining features of literature is its special use of language. In many novels and short stories, in drama and especially in verse and poetry, language is itself foregrounded or ‘made strange’. Its style is different from that of other everyday uses. It is said to deviate from ordinary language. By applying to literary texts the methods...
We all learn to talk before we learn to read and write. Chapter 6 describes in more detail how children learn to talk. This chapter discusses the principal differences between speech and writing as media for language. That is, we assume that the same language, English, underlies talking and writing, listening and reading. Language in this sense is...
Newspaper headlines have a familiar and conventional linguistic structure not unlike telegrams in their brevity. Here we shall discuss their function in press reports, and in particular how they present the ideology of the newspaper. By ideology is meant the system of beliefs about society which underlie the reporting of news.
When people talk about regional English, they often use the words accent and dialect rather loosely and interchangeably. For example, they could say of someone, ‘She has a broad Northern accent’ or ‘She speaks a strong Northern dialect’, and both statements might be understood as meaning more or less the same thing. The linguistic distinction betwe...
When Chaucer wrote The Canterbury Tales at the end of the fourteenth century, there was no Standard English. He wrote in the educated variety of the London area, where he lived and worked. William Langland wrote Piers Plowman in the South Midland dialect. The York Mystery Plays were written in the Northern dialect. The poem Sir Gawain and the Green...
If you have had the experience of learning a foreign language, you will have some idea of the range of knowledge which is needed in properly speaking, reading and writing that language. You have to learn about pronunciation, spelling, words and their meanings, and how to construct sentences with the words in the right order. Then there are differen...
The English language was brought to the island Britannia in the first half of the fifth century AD by settlers called Angles from across the North Sea. Britannia was the Latin name for the island, which had been a colony of the Roman Empire since the conquest which began in AD 43. The inhabitants are referred to as Britons or Celts. When the Roman...
You are reminded of the necessit for good English and orderly presentation in your answers.
If we consider the range of situations in which language is used, the many kinds of people with whom we communicate, and the different purposes for which we talk or write, the task of describing all the varieties of English usage proves very daunting. To create some kind of order in studying variety in language use, a framework of concepts is taken...
Citations
... People from dierent regions or social groups speak dierent dialects [22]. Depending on the contexts, people use dierent registers [23] and every speaker has a distinct idiolect [9]. Furthermore, there is constant language change, such that a certain language spoken a hundred years ago diers from its contemporary use. ...
... They are used to call the attention of readers to an issue in a particular way, making them view an issue from a particular perspective. Stainton (2004) claims that "much of news headlines may be considered as nonsentences", while Freeborn et al. (1986) conclude that "technology of printing includes choices in terms of style, availability of space and accompanying photographs. Other criteria include simplicity, informality and impact". ...
