Peter Enderlein's research while affiliated with British Antarctic Survey and other places

... HGIV 200 (Salter et al., 2014;Manno et al., 2018). The inclusion of pteropod aragonite at mesopelagic depths reduces the POC:PIC molar ratio by 3-6, but only 0.3 at bathypelagic depths (Table 3). ...

... Ten species of VME (vulnerable marine ecosystem) taxa were observed, accounting for 32% of all species. VME taxa include sponges, sea mats and cold-water corals, which can provide important habitat for a diversity of marine organisms (Brasier et al., 2018). Sea pens, sea anemones and sea squirts were the VME taxa commonly observed (Table 1). ...

... Some have classified and mapped specific areas of the maritime zone, including parts of Namibia and Angola (Harris et al., 2013), Uruguay (Defeo et al., 2009;Hernández-Molina, 2016), Brazil (Gandra, 2020;Gandra et al., 2020), Saint Helena (Pike et al., 2018), the Falkland Islands (Golding & Black, 2020;Pearman, 2021) and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (Hogg et al., 2016a;Hogg et al., 2018;Hogg et al., 2021 ). In some areas, fine-scale mapping and species distribution modelling have been undertaken of benthic habitats and assemblages (Nolan et al., 2017;Bridges et al., 2021), cold-water corals (Carranza et al., 2012;Taylor et al., 2013;Buhl-Mortenesen et al., 2017;Carranza et al., 2021;Bridges et al. in prep), VME taxa (MVOTMA, 2016;Brewin et al., 2020;Bridges et al., 2021;Downie et al., 2021) and targeted endangered species (Magris et al., 2020). In others, ecologically important areas like seabird foraging and breeding grounds (St. ...

... 3). The majority of this research was part of the COMICS (Controls over Ocean Mesopelagic Interior Carbon Storage;Sanders et al., 2016) project which included 2 cruises (DY086 and DY090) to contrasting sites; a naturally Fe fertilised region around the British Antarctic Survey site P3 (52S, 40W), northwest of South Georgia, with gradients in ecosystem structure generated by the progression of a naturally Fe fertilised diatom bloom in the region, and the Benguela upwelling region of the South Atlantic (21.5S, 9.5E and 18S, 11E), sampled due to the strong gradients in dissolved oxygen concentrations within the upper mesopelagic. The COMICS project aimed to further understand the processes that contribute to mesopelagic remineralisation, to expand the knowledge on the C cycle as well as modelling to project how this will interact with global climate change in the future(Sanders et al., 2016). ...

... This hypothesis is highly likely since zooplankton grazing have been suggested to play a major role in carbon export in the STFZ and at the NCR site in particular (Nodder and Gall 1998;Sikes et al., 2005) and other settings (e.g. Manno et al., 2014). Zooplankton grazing plays a prominent role in mediating the pathways by which surface production may be transformed and exported. ...

... Ongoing technological developments, such as those that incorporate camera systems onto autonomous vehicles (e.g. [104]), have the potential to expand our understanding of this complex interplay, as do projects such as COMICS [105] and EXPORTS [106] that take a multidisciplinary approach to observing the BCP. ...

... Despite the relevance of supplying ecosystem models with updated and quantitative estimates of C. gunnari prey requirements, most available studies are rather qualitative (numeric importance) and outdated (McCormack et al., 2021). Moreover, only a few of them have been performed around the South Orkney Islands (Jones et al., 2009), which is both a protected area for top predators and one of the most important fishing grounds (Watkins et al., 2016;Barnes et al., 2016;CCAMLR, 2021). ...

... From north to south (Antarctic continent) in horizontal direction, the SO (below 40 • S) is divided into four distinct circular zones (Subantarctic/Polar Frontal/Antarctic/Continental Zones) by three fronts (Subantarctic Front/Polar Front/Continental Water Boundary) (Tomczak and Godfrey, 1994;Patmore et al., 2019). These physical features are fundamental drivers of distinctive plankton compositions in the SO (Clarke and Crame, 2010;Clarke et al., 2012;Murphy et al., 2012Murphy et al., , 2016Varpe 2017;Liang et al., 2018Liang et al., , 2020. Vertically, the SO is mainly comprised of Summer Surface Water (SSW), Winter Water (WW), Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW), Antarctic Shelf Water (ASW) and Antarctic Bottom Water (ABW) at south of Polar Front (Smith et al., 1984;Middleton and Humphries, 1989;Bindoff et al., 2000;Williams et al., 2010;Meijers et al., 2010;Shi et al., 2013;Tarakanov 2021). ...

... Advanced image filtering, count automation techniques, and artificial intelligence have been developed to analyze the aerial imagery of birds, alleviating the time-consuming task of manually detecting and counting birds [28]. Several investigations have successfully used count automation for seabirds from aerial imagery [29,30]. Hayes et al. [31] used convolutional neural networks to detect and count whole colonies of Black-Browed Albatrosses (Thalassarche melanophris) and ...

... Zooplankton FPs play a significant role in carbon export to deeper waters but with highly variable contributions due to degradation, fragmentation, and repackaging processes (Steinberg & Landry, 2017;Turner, 2015). Different types of FPs are produced by different organisms, such as cylindrical FPs by euphausiids, salps, and large copepods (Bathmann et al., 1990;Beaumont et al., 2001); ellipsoidal FPs by larvaceans such as chaetognaths and heteropods (Dilling & Alldredge, 1993;Taguchi & Saino, 1998;Wilson et al., 2008); oval pellets by pteropods, chaetognaths, and small copepods (Gonzalez, 1992;Manno et al., 2015); and minipellets (less than 60 μm in diameter) by zooplankton nauplii and heterotrophic protozoa (Buck & Newton, 1995;Gonzalez, 1992;Gowing & Silver, 1985). These FPs have different roles in carbon export because of their varying sizes, sinking rates, and fluxes. ...