Penny Kris-Etherton’s research while affiliated with Pennsylvania State University and other places

... Nonetheless, deleterious implications were associated with fat consumption. A positive relation was observed between heightened fat intake and a 1.271fold increase in MetS risk [40]. Thus, the findings underscore the imperative of reducing fat consumption concomitant with judicious carbohydrate intake, as articulated within this study. ...

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Metabolic Syndrome According to Dietary and Health-Related Lifestyle in Male Cancer Survivors and Non-Cancer over 40 Years of Age

... However, the impact varies among individuals due to factors like genetics and overall dietary patterns. While early research suggested a strong link between dietary cholesterol intake and blood cholesterol levels, more recent studies have shown that saturated and trans fats in the diet may have a more significant impact [19]. As a result, current dietary guidelines focus less on strict limits for dietary cholesterol intake and more on promoting a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean protein sources to reduce the risk of CVDs. ...

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Cholesterol Estimation in Edible Oils on the Ghanaian Market

... As in previous studies, the variables we selected included major aspects of perceived social support 19 . However, numerous confounding factors influence the impact of the social support level in predicting the mortality risk model, including demographic characteristics, lifestyle habits (such as smoking and diet), history of diabetes, tumor, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases 19,[24][25][26] . Adjustment of potential confounding factors is also an important work to improve the quality of the model. ...

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The protective effect of social support on all-cause and cardio-cerebrovascular mortality among middle-aged and older adults in the US

... Assessing abdominal obesity, it is possible to say that all used metrics estimate a cardiometabolic risk related to unhealthy visceral adiposity; however, WHR and WC may present causal association biases if the WHR risk cut-off is <1 and mean WHtR is >0.5 (±SD) [2][3][4][5][6][7][10][11][12][13][14]21,22,33,35,47,[52][53][54][55] . In this approach, only WHtR can capture cardiometabolic risk volumes in any abdominal segment and has been strongly correlated with technological methods measuring areas or volumes of unhealthy visceral fat 4,6,[10][11][12][13][14]21,22,47,[51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60] . Current evidence supports that higher WHtR values are associated with higher visceral fat-to-subcutaneous fat ratios and visceral fat volumes [10][11][12][13][14]21,[56][57][58][59][60] . ...

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Association of Body Mass Index and Abdominal Obesity with Myocardial Infarction: We Reveal Confounding Factors that Historically Distorted Causal Inferences

... These tend to be rich in highly processed, energy-dense, low-cost foods in contrast to traditional diets comprising fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, and legumes [3][4][5]. Consequently, metabolic disorders glucose, the consumption of 28 g/day of peanuts led to the enrichment of Roseburia, a known butyrate producer [49]. Metatranscriptomic analysis identified an increase in the expression of an aerobic carbo-monoxide dehydrogenase gene associated with butyrate production, supporting the reported capability of peanuts in modulating the microbiome towards increased butyrate production [49]. ...

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Effect of a Higher-Protein Nut versus Higher-Carbohydrate Cereal Enriched Diet on the Gut Microbiomes of Chinese Participants with Overweight and Normoglycaemia or Prediabetes in the Tū Ora Study

... Thirdly, we didn't collect income information for all participants. Participants with lower income had significantly lower n-3 PUFAs intakes [68]. Moreover, income was found to be a moderate confounder for the associations between fish intake and cognitive outcomes [69]. ...

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Effects of childhood trauma on depression and cognitive function in first-diagnosed, drug-naïve depressed patients: an observational case-control study

... 26 Such recommendations are, in part, based on relatively undisputed evidence from 27 experimental human studies that substituting unsaturated fats for SFAs reduces low-density 28 lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (1,2,7,8), a key aetiological risk factor for CVD (7)(8)(9)(10). 29 Yet, the recommendation to limit SFA as a key dietary target for CVD prevention has 30 recently been challenged (13,14), with some experts arguing that there is no definite 31 scientific rationale to support the <10%E cutoff for SFA intake (15)(16)(17). Dietary SFAs come 32 from a wide range of animal-and plant-based products, the major sources of SFAs in many 33 Western diets being industrially processed foods, followed by meat and dairy products. ...

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Regular-fat and low-fat dairy foods and cardiovascular diseases: Perspectives for future dietary recommendations

... Billions of people worldwide consume dairy products, including milk, cheese, and yogurt 4) . Unlike in Japan, dairy products are also major food sources of SFAs in the USA [4][5][6] . The annual mean per capita milk supply in Japan is 46.8 kg, while that in the US is 218.3 kg 4) . ...

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Transformational Insights on Dairy Foods beyond Saturated Fatty Acids might be Needed for Cardiovascular Health

... A higher intake of SFA has been linked to elevated levels of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in the blood (Wu, Micha, and Mozaffarian 2019), both of which are risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Accordingly, dietary guidelines in numerous countries recommend a reduction in total fat and saturated fat intake as a means of mitigating the prevalence of coronary heart disease (Krauss and Kris-Etherton 2020). Despite the extensive documentation of the adverse health effects of saturated fats in red meat (Lenighan et al. 2020), recent research has identified potential benefits associated with certain bioactive lipids present in ruminant meat (Maki, Dicklin, and Kirkpatrick 2021;Kang, Yang, and Xiao 2020). ...

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Palmitic Acid in the Diet of Dairy Goats and Its Effect on Physicochemical Characteristics and Fatty Acid Profile of Goat Kid Meat

... Diet differs considerably between different continents and countries. Both diet and ethnicity with genetic variants have been shown to influence the development of cardiovascular disease [21][22][23][24]. Thus, a result obtained in one population cannot be predicted to occur in another population. ...

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The effect of aged garlic extract on the atherosclerotic process-A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial