Pedro V L Cravo's research while affiliated with The University of Edinburgh and other places
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Publications (11)
Plasmodium vivax is estimated to affect 75 million people annually. It is reportedly absent, however, from west and central Africa due to the high prevalence of the Duffy negative phenotype in the indigenous populations. Despite this, non-African travellers consistently return to their own countries with P. vivax malaria after visiting this region....
Objectives: We have characterised the genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum populations in São Tomé and Príncipe islands (STP), West Africa, in order to assess patterns of population substructure and to relate these with epidemiological and control aspects of malaria.
Methods: Blood samples were collected from 3 localities of São Tomé and 1 f...
Evaluating copy numbers of given genes in Plasmodium falciparum parasites is of major importance for laboratory-based studies or epidemiological surveys. For instance, pfmdr1 gene amplification has been associated with resistance to quinine derivatives and several genes involved in anti-oxidant defence may play an important role in resistance to an...
Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi can be considered as a rodent model of human malaria parasites in the genetic analysis of important characters such as drug resistance and immunity. Despite the availability of some genome sequence data, an extensive genetic linkage map is needed for mapping the genes involved in certain traits.
The inheritance of 672 A...
We have identified in the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium chabaudi orthologues of two Plasmodium falciparum genes, pfcrt and pfmdr1 which have been implicated as determinants of chloroquine resistance in the latter species. The sequences of the P. chabaudi genes, denoted, respectively, pccg10 and pcmdr1, were first determined in the chloroquine-...
The genetic determinants of resistance to mefloquine in malaria parasites are unclear. Some studies have implied that amplification
of, or mutations in, the multidrug resistance gene pfmdr1 in Plasmodium falciparum may be involved. Using the rodent malaria model Plasmodium chabaudi, we investigated the role of the orthologue of this gene, pcmdr1, i...
Samples of three pyrimethamine-sensitive clones of Plasmodium falciparum were grown for periods of 22-46 weeks in media containing stepwise increases in pyrimethamine concentrations and were seen to develop up to 1000-fold increases in resistance to the drug. With clone T9/94RC17, the dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) gene was sequenced from 10 unclon...
It is well recognized that drug resistance is the most significant obstacle to gaining effective malaria control. Despite the enormous advances in the knowledge of the biochemistry and molecular biology of malaria parasites, only a few genes determining resistance to the commonly used drugs have been identified. The idea that rodent malaria parasit...
Citations
... Plasmodium vivax banyak dijumpai di Asia dan merupakan spesies yang dominan, namun jarang dijumpai di Afrika Tengah dan Barat. Prevalensi fenotipe Duffy negatif pada eritrosit penduduk Afrika Tengah dan Barat menyebabkan merozoit Plasmodium vivax sukar menginvasi eritrosit targetnya (Culleton et al., 2008;Dash et al., 2008). ...
Reference: Epidemiologi Penyakit Menular
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... Other malaria parasites infect these species, such as Plasmodium berghei, an important rodent malaria model [14,15], and Plasmodium chabaudi, Plasmodium yoelii, and Plasmodium vinckei, which naturally infect mice [16]. Although non-human primates are a valuable resource for testing vaccine candidates, they are not found naturally infected but can be easily infected with P. falciparum or P. vivax, such as Aotus genus, largely used in malaria research [17], and Rhesus macaques infected with P. falciparum, also used as models to assess cerebral malaria [18]. ...
... Resistance to this combination therapy sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP, also known as Fansidar) was first recorded in the late 1980s, and is now wide-spread with point mutations in both pfdhfr and pfdhps implicated in the resistance. Important polymorphisms in PfDHFR, conferring resistance to pyrimethamine, are 108D and 164L, with 51I and 59R further modulating the strength of resistance, in addition to amplification of PfDHFR [87,88]. Susceptibility to sulfadoxine is very much related to enhancing effects of amino acids 437G and 581G, with 436A, 540E, and 613S [89]. ...
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... Schematic representation of Pfcrt and positions of identified mutations[25] ...
... To study mefloquine (MF) resistance (MFR), Cravo and colleagues performed a cross between MFR parasite AS(15MF/3) and the MFsensitive parasite AJ [52]. Duplication and overexpression of the P. chabaudi multiple drug resistance 1 (Pcmdr1) gene were found to play a role in MFR after phenotypic and molecular analysis of 16 progeny clones. ...
... For instance, the SAR supergroup (a clade containing Stramenopiles, Alveolata, and Rhizaria) is a deep branching eukaryote clade encompassing brown macro-algae, as well as numerous micro-eukaryotes such as ascomycetes, ciliates, radiolarians, and dinoflagellates. Within this clade, about ten genetic maps have been developed, mostly in parasites [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. There is no genetic map available for dinoflagellates, which may be explained by the difficulties of obtaining hundreds of descendants [24] to analyse quantitative traits. ...
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... Data analysis and statistics test were carried with the program REST 2009 [87]. Fold change was calculated using the 2 −ΔΔCt method [88,89]. PGK1 was used as a housekeeping gene. ...
