Paul DiMaggio's research while affiliated with CUNY Graduate Center and other places
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Publications (86)
Over the past twenty years, a major development in firms’ innovation strategies has been the emergence of crowdsourcing as a tool to stimulate new ideas. A growing literature has examined the process by which firms select ideas from such discussions for further development. This paper focuses upon a surprisingly neglected factor: the substantive co...
Sociologists increasingly face choices among competing algorithms that represent reasonable approaches to the same task, with little guidance in choosing among them. We develop a strategy that uses simulated data to identify the conditions under which different methods perform well and applies what is learned from the simulations to predict which m...
Sociological theory and historical precedent suggest that pandemics engender scapegoating of outgroups, but fail to specify how the ethnoracial boundaries defining outgroups are drawn. Using a survey experiment that primed half of the respondents (California registered voters) with questions about COVID-19 during April 2020, we ask how the pandemic...
Eger and Hjerm's methodological critique of our 2016 study of Americans' sentiments towards the nation asserts that the latent class (LCA) models employed in our paper did not fit the data and that consequently, the paper fails to demonstrate the existence of multiple varieties of American nationalism. We challenge E&H's analyses and argue that the...
Economic sociologists agree that economic rationality is constructed and that morality and economic interests intersect. Yet we know little about how people organize economic beliefs or judge the morality of markets. We use Relational Class Analysis to identify three subsets of respondents whose members construe economic markets in distinct ways. S...
Attitude data can reveal culture's secrets, but only if analysts acknowledge and transcend two problematic forms of heterogeneity. The first, relational heterogeneity, reflects the fact that the meaning of a response to a survey attitude question emerges from its relation to other attitudes: considered singly, the same response may mean different t...
Despite the relevance of nationalism for politics and intergroup relations, sociologists have devoted surprisingly little attention to the phenomenon in the United States, and historians and political psychologists who do study the United States have limited their focus to specific forms of nationalist sentiment: ethnocultural or civic nationalism,...
Social scientists and computer scientist are divided by small differences in perspective and not by any significant disciplinary divide. In the field of text analysis, several such differences are noted: social scientists often use unsupervised models to explore corpora, whereas many computer scientists employ supervised models to train data; socia...
This paper proposes a systematic approach to the study of immigration and art by considering relevant theoretical concepts. We focus on the role of institutions and economic change as forces shaping the expressive alternatives of immigrants and their children.
Students of social inequality have noted the presence of mechanisms militating toward cumulative advantage and increasing inequality. Social scientists have established that individuals' choices are influenced by those of their network peers in many social domains. We suggest that the ubiquity of network effects and tendencies toward cumulative adv...
The authors describe a common but largely unrecognized mechanism that produces and exacerbates intergroup inequality: the diffusion of valuable practices with positive network externalities through social networks whose members differentially possess characteristics associated with adoption. The authors examine two cases: the first, to explore the...
The nineteenth century was marked by what historian Lawrence Levine has called a “sea change” in American culture. During the first part of the century, urban Americans shared a common culture, which they experienced at home and in a relatively undifferentiated set of public entertainments. By 1900, the arts were becoming sharply stratified. Works...
Was macht Organisationen so ähnlich? Wir behaupten, dass nicht mehr der marktförmige Wettbewerb der Motor von Rationalisierung
und Bürokratisierung ist, sondern der Staat und die Professionen. Sobald ein Set von Organisationen als ein Feld entsteht,
kommt es zu einem Paradox: Rationale Akteure gestalten durch ihre Versuche, die Organisationen zu wa...
Much research on the "digital divide" presumes that adults who do not use the Internet are economically disadvantaged, yet little research has tested this premise. After discussing several mechanisms that might produce differences in earnings growth between workers who do and do not use the Internet, we use data from the Current Population Survey t...
Although several studies have examined American evangelicalism asa social movement at the grassroots level, none have attended to the role of public leaders in legitimating the movement to a wider audience. Data gathered from 65 elite informants who self-identify as evangelical suggest that the movement's leaders are employing new modes of organiza...
We analyzed Surveys of Public Participation in the Arts for 1982, 1992, and 2002 to see if trends in U.S. arts attendance are consistent with the perception of many sociologists of culture that the role of the arts as cultural capital is in decline. From a Bourdieuian perspective, a dramatic deflation in the value of the arts as cultural capital (t...
Recent work in cognitive psychology and social cognition bears heavily on concerns of sociologists of culture. Cognitive research confirms views of culture as fragmented; clarifies the roles of institutions and agency; and illuminates supra-individual aspects of culture. Individuals experience culture as disparate bits of information and as schemat...
This paper sheds light on whether intergroup inequality in Internet access is likely to persist as the diffusion process continues. To what extent is a given level of inequality in technology diffusion (e.g., use of the Internet) a long-term policy challenge or a temporary inconvenience? What general factors account for group-specific patterns of t...
This paper takes stock of what we know about the role of nonprofit enterprise in the production and distribution of the arts (broadly defined), primarily in the United States. After briefly discussing measurement, I present data on the extent of nonprofit activity in a range of cultural subfields. I then review theoretical explanations of the preva...
Richard Steinberg’s chapter (this volume) is a work of remarkable scope, which cuts a trail through most of the issues that engage nonprofit researchers. The underbrush is thick and one can only marvel at the sharpness and clarity with which he slices away to reveal, in some cases, cumulating wisdom and, in others, more interesting and sophisticate...
Most studies of the digital divide are concerned with the simple criterion of access, usually in the convenient locale of one's home. That divide could be exacerbated by usage differences after such access has been achieved, however. This article takes advantage of usage data from the General Social Survey and other surveys to examine whether more...
Although we often contrast the cool scientific temperament of modernity to the superstition, ignorance, and magical thought of premodern eras, modern culture is notable less for the degree to which ritual and myth are important than for the kinds of myths and rituals that have been substituted for the religious and nationalist orthodoxies of the pa...
The Internet is a critically important research site for sociologists testing theories of technology diffusion and media effects, particularly because it is a medium uniquely capable of integrating modes of communication and forms of content. Current research tends to focus on the Internet’s implications in five domains: 1) inequality (the “digital...
The authors of this paper contend that as Internet penetration increases, students of inequality of access to the new information technologies should shift their attention from the "digital divide" - inequality between "haves" and "have-nots" differentiated by dichotomous measures of access to or use of the new technologies - to digital inequality,...
The production perspective posits that the content of formally produced symbol systems is shaped by the social context of their production, distribution and use. I draw on the insights of the ‘production of culture’ perspective introduced by Richard Peterson in 1974 to analyze the development and influence of that same perspective. Using a combinat...
What makes organizations so similar? We contend that the engine of rationalization
and bureaucratization has moved from the competitive marketplace to the state and
the professions. Once a set of organizations emerges as a field, a paradox arises:
rational actors make their organizations increasingly similar as they try to
change them. We describe...
This paper explores civic rituals in the late Progressive Era U.S. by focussing on an effort to replicate one ritual observance simultaneously in many locations: National Music Week, 1924. To gain insight into the changing relationship between localities and centers during this period, we examine the organizational strategies Music Week's promoters...
Using data from a representative sample of Americans aged 18 and over who were surveyed in 1993, the authors explore public attitudes towards a range of issues related to cultural authority and cultural diversity in higher education and the arts. The issues addressed include support for the role of the classics in education; willingness to alter li...
How would we characterize the relationship between religion and the arts in the Philadelphia area between 1965 and 1997? The late 1980s and early 1990s in Philadelphia followed a decade that was unusually free of contention between religion and the arts. In comparison to the 1970s and early 1980s, religious participation in cultural conflict was no...
Federal government arts programs appear to deviate from the rule that legislative behavior closely follows public preferences. Between the mid-1970s and the late 1980s, despite stability in public opinion, the NEA evolved from Congress’s bipartisan darling to its controversial scapegoat. We inspect 55 items from public opinion surveys and re-analyz...
Why and to what extent do people make significant purchases from people with whom they have prior noncommercial relationships? Using data from the economic sociology module of the 1996 General Social Survey, we document high levels of within-network exchanges. We argue that transacting with social contacts is effective because it embeds commercial...
The past quarter-century has been the age of institutions, as scholars in many disciplines have rejected individualism in favor of explanatory approaches that variously emphasize the consequences of strategic interaction, the role of such corporate actors as companies or crowds, or the constraining and enabling effects of formal and informal rules....
This paper summarizes and reviews studies of public perceptions of and sentiments towards the arts. It provides the first critical synthesis of such research based upon original secondary analyses of thirteen of the major data sets collected between 1973 and 1993. In so doing, it reports on what the surveys tell us about several questions of pressi...
This study contains summaries, critical reviews, and access information for 25 studies of public participation in the arts, as well as a chart enabling readers to indentify surveys that contain particular combinations of variables in which they are interested.
Recent work in cognitive psychology and social cognition bears heavily on concerns of sociologists of culture. Cognitive research confirms views of culture as fragmented; clarifies the roles of institutions and agency; and illuminates supra-individual aspects of culture. Individuals experience culture as disparate bits of information and as schemat...
Many observers have asserted with little evidence that. Americans' social opinions have become polarized. Using General Social Survey and National Election Survey social attitude items that have been repeated regularly over 20 years, the authors ask (1) Have Americans' opinions become more dispersed (higher variance)? (2) Have distributions become...
Most research on aesthetic taste and activities views familiarity with and participation in the arts as a type of cultural capital and emphasizes the relationship between taste and socioeconomic achievement. By contrast, this paper examines the manner in which arts participation is embedded in larger systems of meaning, by investigating the associa...
This project describes the data resources on arts organizations that are currently available to inform the efforts of policy makers, arts managers, and researchers working in the arts field. It assesses the adequacy of different data sources for identifying the population of arts and cultural organizations in a community. The report is based on a r...
The abstract for this document is available on CSA Illumina.To view the Abstract, click the Abstract button above the document title.
Most social scientists agree with the statement that institutions matter. However, they disagree over the extent to which they matter. This review focuses on the fundamental disagreements between rational choice, sociological, and historical institutionalists over the value of structural, cultural, and action-based explanations of social phenomena....
Case studies suggest that important changes in the composition and structure of boards of trustees of non-profit organisations have occurred in recent decades. The nature of these changes, and how they may vary across industry and locale, are not well documented. This pilot study compares changes in structure and board membership of three elite non...
Long a fruitful area of scrutiny for students of organizations, the study of institutions is undergoing a renaissance in contemporary social science. This volume offers, for the first time, both often-cited foundation works and the latest writings of scholars associated with the "institutional" approach to organization analysis. In their introducti...
Little empirical work has estimated the actual importance of factors said to affect the extent to which applied social research is utilized by client organizations. To identify the salience of various factors in facilitating or inhibiting the use of applied research, we have examined the application of one form of research in one decentralized sett...
Students of American society, from the times of Tocqueville and Veblen, have been concerned with the social role of high culture in a democracy. The debate over the extent and consequences of elite dominance of the arts constituency has been intensified in recent years by the rise of government support for the arts. Little is known about the social...
Research resources are likely to be critical determinants of the technical quality of nongovernmental evaluation research, and quality in turn may affect the utility of the research. It is hypothesized that technical quality is a function of (1) the principal investigator's research background (prior research experience and formal training), (2) th...
The last decade has witnessed a burgeoning of American high culture. The number of museums and theaters has increased, the number of orchestras, opera companies, and dance companies has skyrocketed, and attendance at all of them is up. 1 Ironically, however, the upsurge in public enthusiasm has been accompanied by financial tension. Earnings from a...
The term rent-seeking refers to special interest group efforts to seek special benefits at little or no cost to themselves. Because government spending has the potential to create both costs and bene-fits for taxpayers, fiscal policy is commonly viewed as a primary arena of rent-seeking activity. At least five different theories of nineteenth-centu...
Citations
... President Lyndon Johnson, Democrat, 1960(Dallek, 1991, as cited in Kawachi et al., 2005 The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted how efforts to implement public health strategies (e.g., masking, vaccination, quarantining) require acknowledgement of the intersections of racial ideology, sociopolitical beliefs, and public health protections (Bonilla-Silva, 2020; Colgrove & Samuel, 2022). For example, alignment with racist, anti-communist, and U.S. imperialist orientations underpinned the naming of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 as "the China virus" or "the Chinese flu" (Daniels et al., 2021;Perry et al., 2021;Scott, 2022). Even in less overtly bigoted expressions, resistance to pandemic-era public health mandates (Koon et al., 2021) has been deeply wrapped up in racial and right-wing ideologies and rhetoric regarding individualism (Efird, 2021;Efird & Lightfoot, 2020;Mendenhall, 2022;Metzl, 2019a;Metzl, 2019b). ...
... Our reply to Bonikowski and DiMaggio (2021) is in three parts. First, we clarify the aim of our research note . ...
![[object Object]](https://i1.rgstatic.net/ii/profile.image/494740903862277-1494966831451_Q64/Bart-Bonikowski.jpg)
... The way that leaders exert influence upon the population also heavily correlates to extraneous events and factors. The concept of mimetic isomorphism, meaning "one unit in a population to resemble other units that face the same set of environmental conditions," [11] points out that a leader's inspirations of influence often come from precedent events of similar scenarios. Essentials of Thomas Jefferson's Declaration of Independence, "Life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness," were modeled partially from John Locke's merits of Social Contract, which deemed the natural and legal rights of civilians [12]. ...
![[object Object]](https://i1.rgstatic.net/ii/profile.image/272823209951245-1442057530552_Q64/Walter-Powell.jpg)
... Every new household and business that had a phone created an incremental benefit to telephone ownership in general, as the technology increased in utility. Virtually all information technologies have these kinds of network effects: the value of e-mail, Facebook, Craigslist, PayPal, and text messaging all depend on how many other users there are (and often on how many users a person knows) (DiMaggio and Garip 2012;DiMaggio and Cohen 2005;Shapiro and Varian 1999). Things like dating or carpooling likewise depend on how many other people want to do them; neither activity is possible without other available participants. ...
... Anselm, Sabine, Eva Hammer-Bernhard, und Christian Hoiß. 2021 DiMaggio et al. 2004;van Dijk 2005). Inzwischen zeigt sich, dass Zugangsfragen erneut diskutiert werden und mit den Entwicklungen zur Regulierung des Internets mindestens eine weitere Ungleichheitsdimension (zero-level digital divide) hinzugekommen ist (Iske und Verständig 2014;. ...
... A basic yet important finding across studies of TMIR is that IR theory is indeed applicable to technology-mediated interaction. The theory has been applied successfully to understand interaction via mobile phones (Ling, 2008;, social media (van Haperen et al., 2020), discussion boards (DiMaggio et al., 2018;Maloney, 2013;Törnberg & Törnberg, 2022), online dating platforms (Nexø & Strandell, 2020), and live-streaming services (Jodén & Strandell, 2021)-showing, in all cases, that TMIR has the potential to produce the ritual outcomes of solidarity, morality, group symbols, and emotional energy. ...
... We can learn from his theory that in their entrepreneurial visions, entrepreneurial actors refer to and assess dominant future Group conditions for entrepreneurial visions: role confidence, hierarchical congruences,… discourses, narratives, and stories at the level of the market, field, and society (Beckert, 2016). Fictional expectations thus arise within and respond to a setting of shared norms and expectations towards entrepreneurial behavior (DiMaggio et al. 1991;DiMaggio, 2018). The drafting and narrating of fictional expectations motivate coordinated actions that have real consequences for the venture, market, field, and society (Beckert, 2016). ...
... The influence of the system on the organization is often reflected in its constraints which are usually divided into formal and informal, with formal constraints such as rules that human beings devise, which impose mandatory constraints on members in the institutional environment, and informal constraints such as conventions and codes of behavior have no mandatory constraints [10]. It is noteworthy that business behaviour is not always rationally economic but is influenced by external environmental factors such as regulations, norms, values, beliefs and tradition, rather than aiming to maximize financial benefits [12][13][14]. These stem from government and professional organizations, interest groups and the general public such as professional agencies, customers, employees, and so forth [13], which can be divided into three pillars of regulative, normative and cognitive aspects [12]. ...
... Results on belief networks based on total populations may be erroneous given that different subgroups can have different thought patterns with particular logics on their own (see DiMaggio & Goldberg, 2018). Thus, we analyse the general Greek and Hungarian survey populations and various segments, with their specific stereotypical configurations. ...
... Prior empirical research might have overlooked this complexity and the different lenses people used to interpret this issue. To address this gap, following recent works from Goldberg [7], Baldassarri and Goldberg [8], Boutyline [9], and DiMaggio et al. [10], we investigated whether different epistemologies regarding vaccine acceptance characterize groups of individuals, and we further explored if this segmentation also entailed a mean of social stratification and a differential propensity to accept vaccinations. ...
