January 2009
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14 Reads
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2,311 Citations
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January 2009
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14 Reads
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2,311 Citations
... The fixed-effects framework accounts for the time-invariant effects of any time-constant variable (Rabe-Hesketh & Skrondal, 2012;Wooldridge, 2010). Hence, applying individual-level fixed effects accounts for all observed and unobserved time-constant characteristics (e.g., gender or migration background), thereby controlling for unobserved heterogeneity deriving from these characteristics (Allison, 2009). As described above, we controlled for several time-varying characteristics that have been shown to be associated with SWB and self-employment and might have been especially relevant during the pandemic (Online Appendix Table A2). ...
January 2009