Patrick Brantlinger’s scientific contributions

... 28 Derived from Muscular Christianity, the concept of citizenship practiced in international scouting stressed principles such as amity, cordiality, and non-violence. Like other British youth-movement leaders who embraced the above noble ethos, 29 Baden-Powell had a training regimen that was military-inspired, but that allowed scouts only to pursue peaceful citizenship, serve their country, and play a supporting role during national crises. He wanted to cultivate the idea of "character-building" and "citizenship" in his scouts, who were expected to "do their duty to God and the King," "help their country," and "do their best to help others" regardless of their social class, as stated in the scouts' oaths and laws. ...

Reference:

A Militarized Concept of Citizenship: The Shanghai Scouts in the Early Stages of China’s War of Resistance