Patricia Loncle’s research while affiliated with École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique and other places
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À partir de matériaux qualitatifs récoltés dans trois villes bretonnes, nous proposons de mieux comprendre ce que sont des espaces associatifs oppositionnels dans le champ de l’hébergement des personnes exilées. Des associations qui ne sont ni totalement informelles ni très structurées avec de nombreuses personnes salariées, prennent en charge les personnes exilées non hébergées dans le cadre des dispositifs publics. Nous analysons leurs actions à travers trois axes. Nous rappelons d’abord le contexte de crise de l’hébergement des personnes exilées pour expliquer les publics que les associations sont amenées à accueillir. Nous nous focalisons ensuite sur les contraintes des espaces associatifs hébergeant les personnes non prises en charge. Nous expliquons enfin les logiques autonomes que les associations peuvent tout de même construire. L’étude de ces associations permet de mieux comprendre les espaces associatifs oppositionnels et leur rôle global dans la prise en charge des personnes exilées présentes localement.
Les actions associatives développées avec les personnes exilées s’inscrivent dans des crises durables de l’accueil et de la solidarité. Le confinement de la population instauré en mars 2020 a eu des effets sur le rôle des acteurs associatifs. Dans quelle mesure la prise en charge inconditionnelle des précarités résidentielles et alimentaires, décidée au début de la crise sanitaire en 2020, génère-t-elle des changements durables dans les mobilisations associatives locales avec les personnes exilées? Nos enquêtes menées à Rennes auprès d’associations nous permettent d’expliquer que la gestion centralisée de la crise par l’État, notamment concernant l’hébergement temporaire des personnes exilées précaires, contraste avec les actions coordonnées entre la municipalité et plusieurs associations locales dans le champ de l’aide alimentaire. Que ce soit dans le traitement des besoins des personnes exilées de se nourrir ou de se loger, les actions développées durant la crise sanitaire témoignent d’une prise en charge inconditionnelle exceptionnelle, revendiquée habituellement par les associations. La question du maintien des aides sans condition en matière d’alimentation et d’hébergement au-delà de la crise sanitaire se pose alors.
In this chapter, we focus on the links between learning and processes of informal participation. We do this by closely examining some of the activities of Welcome, an association created by a small group of volunteers in 2016 in Rennes with the aim of delivering French classes to people in exile. This particular case study was conducted within the framework of the Partispace project as an example of informal participation organised by and addressed to young people. Welcome is an interesting case for exploring learning and processes of informal participation, for several reasons: it is a young association, created in 2016; its organisation and activities can be characterised as informal as it operates without any public funding; it is dedicated to people in exile and thus tends to respond to the lack of mobilisation of public authorities towards this population. The aim of this chapter is to look at the effects of learning processes developed inside the association by focusing on participation and engagement pathways of both young volunteers and people in exile. The research question broached here is: To what extent do non-formal learning activities of a volunteer association lead to participation and engagement careers among young volunteers and people in exile, and consequently, to what extent do these activities influence individual life trajectories in the local public space?KeywordsYoung volunteersYoung people in exileLearning processParticipationEngagement
This work is the country research report prepared within Work Package 2, focused on housing solutions for refugees and beneficiaries of international protection status in France, delivered under the H2020 project MERGING—Integration for Migrants. The main aims of this report are:
• Provide a synthesis of the main legal structures existing in France delineated by targets (all arrivals, newly arrivals, refugees, vulnerable groups),
• Classify policies depending on their scope,
• Present the main debates in public policies about access to housing and access to the rest of social rights,
• Identify tools developed in public policies to fight discrimination,
• Describe the main tendencies in public policies devoted to social inclusion for immigrants during the last 10 years approximately,
• Summarize the main ideological changes experienced in the last 10 years.
The basic time frame of the analysis covers the years 2015-2021, however, where necessary we refer to previous years (e.g., important articles that shaped the field, political decisions and policy changes).
The approaches and definitions applied in this report are broad. Indeed, one of the objectives of WP2 is to gather enough knowledge to develop a good understanding about the realities of housing for migrants in Europe. This step will allow us to identify a specific target population for the project. Consequently, the focus is on people who were forced to leave their domestic country, having or not an official status, or an international protection. This includes asylum seekers, refugees, temporary protection, etc.
The structure of this country report includes several key parts, the first of which is this introduction outlining a framework for further consideration and embedding it in the context of the MERGING project and its WP2. It is followed by a presentation of the main legal structures existing in France (legal texts, organizations and responsible actors), 2) a classification of policies based on their scope and 3) a presentation of the main debates related to access to housing and social rights. Particular attention will be paid to identify tools created to fight discrimination, as well as the main trends in public policies devoted to social inclusion for immigrants since 2011. The report will conclude on a synthesis on the most important ideological changes experienced in the last 10 years.
The next sessions provide a brief overview of our methodology, followed by a presentation of the characteristics and specificities of the French context regarding migrants’ access to housing.
This work focuses on housing solutions for refugees and beneficiaries of international protection status in France, Italy, Spain and Sweden. it is delivered under the H2020 project MERGING—Integration for Migrants.
The main objectives of this report are to:
• Map the actions, scope, actors and resources involved in the access to housing for refugees
• Portrait refugees’ needs and households
• Provide recommendations to associative, private and public stakeholders
Our report describes the actions engaged to favor refugees’ access to housing in five European cities, namely Lyon, Rennes, Bologna, Valencia and Gothenburg.
... La mise en oeuvre d'instances ad hoc composées de scientifiques experts de différents domaines 3 en est une première manifestation : la médiatisation de ces instances et de certains de leurs membres a contribué à questionner, en creux, la légitimité des structures et des experts à qui la responsabilité de la santé publique était déléguée. Ont aussi été réactivés les débats publics sur les difficultés du système de santé français aux échelles nationale, régionale et hospitalière et sur leurs effets délétères pour les groupes sociaux qualifiés de « vulnérables » (Poisson et al., 2022). ...
... Taft and Gordon (2013) write that young people's participation in adult institutions tends to be marked by "manipulation, decoration, and tokenism". They quote a young person who complained that she and her peers were treated as "policy sprouts" (2013: 93), tokenized and asked for participatory input on policies that adults had already resolved to carry out (Chevalier and Loncle 2021). Young people who are "policy sprouts" may also find that after they have engaged with adult institutions, adults will follow up with policies that do not meet young people's demands or, indeed, go contrary to what young people advised. ...
... If the concept of a national youth policy is now well established (Denstad 2009), it is uncontested that when youth policies' principles leave the supranational level, they are implemented to different extents and according to different modalities (Chevalier & Loncle 2021). This is due not only to national characteristics but, even more broadly, the different welfare regimes to which countries refer. ...
... European youth movements provide an analytical comparative perspective. According to Walther et al. (2021), different European cities exhibit various regimes of youth participation influenced by local policies and cultural contexts. In cities like Berlin and Barcelona, youth engagement is fostered through supportive policies that encourage political participation and provide platforms for youth voices. ...
... This is a result of a quite long process. Indeed, as we have pointed out, initially the room for manoeuvre of people in exile was rather limited, and the functioning of the association was characterised as being top-down for a while (Loncle & Martin, 2019). During the association's first year of functioning, it was not possible to promote a fully fledged involvement for people in exile who, due to ideological disagreements between the volunteers, were essentially considered to be in need of help. ...
... En la primera part d'aquest article, situàvem el debat en les diferents perspectives per entendre la joventut i, en conseqüència, la seva participació. Des d'una perspectiva constructivista, la participació té a veure amb la interacció entre individus, col·lectius i actors institucionals que es situen en posicions de poder desiguals, a través dels quals poden perpetuar i legitimar l'ordre social establert (Walther et al., 2019). Aquesta visió sobre la participació subratlla les desigualtats estructurals que afecten els i les joves i posa en qüestió la idea de lliure elecció. ...
... In terms of meaningful and transformative participation processes, Tisdall (2013) identified the roles of co-production, performance and multimodal pedagogy as ways of valorising creativity, affect, and embodiment with 'productive relational work ' (190) amongst peers and with adult decision-makers, in ways that recognise young people's assets, abilities and capabilities. Young people's participation is also viewed as coming from their involvement and engagement in their community in activities and spaces of their own (Pohl et al., 2020), requiring a broader view on participation or civic engagement. ...
... Despite attempts by decision-makers at different levels of public policymakers to consolidate these processes, several shortcomings remain that ultimately seem quite challenging to overcome (Loncle et al., 2012;Walther et al., 2019). These limitations occur at several points in the decisionmaking process and occur mainly because the field of youth participation is not very standardised and professionalised, unlike other public policy sectors, such as environmental and urban policies, which have benefited from a greater increase in expertise (Mazeaud, 2012). ...
... Thus, the demand that youth adopt an adult citizenship habitus shares certain aspects of responsibility and responsibilisation, despite differences in terms of power, resources and dominant images of youth (cf. Loncle et al., 2020;Walther et al., 2021). ...
... While modern democracy has evolved from 'struggles for recognition ' , Honneth (2011) observes an increasing 'wildness of social conflict' in terms of social practice emerging beyond normatively legitimized institutions (cf. Walther et al., 2020;Schwanenflügel & Walther, 2022). As a heuristic concept, liminal participation emphasises how practices of participation can oscillate between recognized and non-recognized subject positions whereby boundaries between participation and non-participation are blurred. ...
