P. Paschalis's research while affiliated with National and Kapodistrian University of Athens and other places
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Publications (31)
The new space era has expanded the exploration of other planets of our solar system. In this work, radiation quantities are estimated in the Venusian atmosphere using the software tool DYASTIMA/DYASTIMA-R, such as the energy deposit and the ambient dose equivalent rate. Monte Carlo simulations of the secondary particle cascades for different atmosp...
A ground-level enhancement (GLE) event is a sudden increase in cosmic ray intensity originated by solar sources and recorded by ground-based detectors. GLEs are invariably associated with large solar flares that can release and accelerate solar particles at high energies. The minimum kinetic energy of particles reaching the Earth’s surface is >433...
The main source of the ionization of the Earth’s atmosphere is the cosmic radiation that depends on solar activity as well as geomagnetic activity. Galactic cosmic rays constitute a permanent radiation background and contribute significantly to the radiation exposure inside the atmosphere. In this work, the cosmic-ray-induced ionization of the Eart...
In recent years, there has been a huge increase in air travel, both for business and leisure. For this reason, entities such as the European Commission and the International Committee on Radiological Protection have provided several recommendations for the radiation protection of aviation crews and frequent flyers, as well as highlighted the need f...
In this study, the ionization rate in the atmosphere induced by solar and galactic cosmic rays is calculated for the region of Athens (Greece) during the time period from 1996 to 2019 covering the last two solar cycles 23 and 24. In order to compute the cosmic ray induced ionization, the corresponding model of the University of Oulu was used along...
The series 'Cosmic ray studies with neutron detectors' grew out of an online symposium organised in 2020. The idea for the meeting was brought up within the community organised around the neutron monitor database (NMDB), who felt that research on cosmic rays in the heliosphere employing neutron detectors was a lively activity that needed exchange....
The study of the particle showers created inside the Earth's atmosphere due to interactions of cosmic rays of solar and galactic origin is of great importance for the determination of the radiation impact on technological and biological systems. DYASTIMA is a Geant4-based software application that simulates the evolution of secondary particle casca...
Space radiation mainly consists of trapped particles inside the Earth’s magnetosphere, galactic and solar cosmic rays. Cosmic rays propagating in the interplanetary medium, reach the top of the Earth’s atmosphere and collide with the molecules of the atmospheric layers creating showers of secondary particles that can be recorded by ground-based neu...
On 10 September 2017, a ground level enhancement (GLE) of cosmic ray intensity, identified as GLE72, was recorded by several stations of the worldwide neutron monitor network provided by the high-resolution Neutron Monitor Database (NMDB). The solar proton event that resulted in this GLE was associated with active region AR2673 which produced an X8...
The primary components of radiation in interplanetary space are galactic cosmic rays (GCR) and solar cosmic radiation (SCR). GCR originates from outside of our Solar System, while SCR consists of low energy solar wind particles that flow constantly from the Sun and the highly energetic solar particle events (SPEs) that originate from magnetically d...
In the frame of the comprehensive knowledge, detection and forecasting of the solar terrestrial relations as well as space weather events, the ground based measurements of the network of neutron monitor constitutes a vital tool for these studies. This is mainly the reason that Athens Neutron Monitor Station (A.Ne.Mo.S.) beyond of the provision of i...
In the frame of the comprehensive knowledge, detection and forecasting of the solar terrestrial relations as well as space weather events, the ground based measurements of the network of neutron monitor constitutes a vital tool for these studies. This is mainly the reason that Athens Neutron Monitor Station (A.Ne.Mo.S.) beyond of the provision of i...
In the context of planetary space weather, we estimate the ion production rates in the Venusian atmosphere due to the interactions of solar energetic particles (SEPs) with gas. The assumed concept for our estimations is based on two cases of SEP events, previously observed in near-Earth space: the event in October 1989 and the event in May 2012. Fo...
The ground based neutron monitor measurements play a key role in the field of space physics, solar-terrestrial relations, and space weather applications. The Athens cosmic ray group has developed several research applications such as an optimized automated Ground Level Enhancement Alert (GLE Alert Plus) and a web interface, providing data from mult...
On March 2015 the most intense geomagnetic storm (G4) of the current solar cycle was recorded. It started on March 17, 2015 and it was the result of the interaction between the complex solar activity which spotted on the active region AR2297 (S22W29) and a high speed solar wind stream from a huge south polar coronal hole with Earth's magnetosphere...
Galactic cosmic rays and solar energetic particles with sufficient rigidity to penetrate the geomagnetic field, enter the Earth’s atmosphere and interact with the electrons and the nuclei of its atoms and molecules. From the interactions with the nuclei, cascades of secondary particles are produced that can be detected by ground-based detectors suc...
Ground-level enhancements (GLEs) are defined as sudden increases in the recorded intensity of cosmic-ray particles, usually by neutron monitors (NMs). In this work we present a time-shifting analysis (TSA) for the first arriving particles that were detected at Earth by NMs. We also present an automated real-time GLE alert that has been developed an...
Enhancements of geomagnetic activity resulted from the interaction of solar wind originated from solar flares, coronal mass ejections and coronal holes at the Earth magnetosphere have been studied in the frame of Space Weather. The space weather effects can roughly be divided into two categories: those effects quickly and directly associated with s...
The neutron monitors are the ground based detectors that continuously
measure the flow of the cosmic rays that reach the earth's surface. The
measurements of the neutron monitors are of great importance for the
scientific community since they contribute to the study of several
scientific fields, such as the solar activity and the prediction of the...
Ground level enhancements (GLEs) are observed as significant cosmic ray intensity increases at neutron monitor measurements, followed by an intense solar flare and/or a very energetic coronal mass ejection. Due to their space weather impact it is crucial to establish a real-time operational system that would be in place to issue reliable and timely...
Ground level enhancements (GLEs) are observed as significant intensity
increases at neutron monitor measurements, followed by an intense solar
flare and/or a very energetic coronal mass ejection. Due to their space
weather impact it is crucial to establish a real-time operational system
that would be in place to issue reliable and timely GLE Alerts...
Nowadays, several neutron monitor stations worldwide, broadcast their cosmic ray data in real time, in order for the scientific community to be able to use these measurements immediately. In parallel, the development of the Neutron Monitor Database (NMDB; http://www.nmdb.eu) which collects all the high resolution real time measurements, allows the...
High-energy particles released at the Sun during a solar flare or a very
energetic coronal mass ejection, result to a significant intensity
increase at neutron monitor measurements known as Ground Level
Enhancements (GLEs). Due to their space weather impact (i.e. risks and
failures at communication and navigation systems, spacecraft electronics
and...
The primary data processing of the neutron monitors is a necessary
procedure in order to provide the worldwide network of neutron monitors
with high quality data. The procedure should be performed in a real time
code which means that it should be fast and make use only of the past
measurements of a neutron monitor. In general, the data correction
a...
The primary processing of the neutron monitor data includes all the necessary actions and procedures that each cosmic ray station follows in order to provide the worldwide neutron monitor network with good quality data. One of the main corrections of the primary data is the pressure correction due to the barometric effect. The barometric effect ind...
Geomagnetic conditions in near-Earth space have been a constantly
evolving scientific field, especially during the latest years when the
dependence of our everyday life on space environment has significantly
increased. The scientific community managed to implement centers for the
continuous monitoring of the geomagnetic conditions which resulted in...
The nucleonic component of the secondary cosmic rays is measured by the
worldwide network of neutron monitors (NMs). In most cases, a NM station
publishes the measured data in a real time basis in order to be
available for instant use from the scientific community. The space
weather centers and the online applications such as the ground level
enhan...
One of the most critical points in the detection of cosmic rays by neutron monitors is the correction of the raw data. The data that a detector measures may be distorted by a variety of reasons and the subtraction of these distortions is a prerequisite for processing them further. The final aim of these corrections is to keep only the fluctuations...
Citations
... The GLE73 is the first GLE event of the Solar Cycle 25. On this event, a few studies were carried out from different viewpoints (e.g., Klein et al., 2022;Mavromichalaki et al., 2022;Mishev et al., 2022;Papaioannou et al., 2022;Velinov, 2022). For instance, Papaioannou et al. (2022) studied the event by analyzing the rigidity spectrum and pitch angle distribution while explained that the event was characterized by a directional particle flux arriving from the sunward direction, resulting in a relatively strong anisotropy. ...
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... Several teams analyzed and/or assessed terrestrial/space weather effects during GLEs, focusing mostly on strong recent events (e.g. Bütikofer et al., 2008;Matthiä et al., 2009;Makrantoni et al., 2022). In this study, we can benefit by the employment of a verified method for GLE analysis (for details see Koldobskiy et al., 2019a;Koldobskiy and Mishev, 2022), based on new generation altitude dependent NM yield function (details given in , and the discussion therein). ...
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... This is due to the fact that the CRII followed the behavior of the cosmic ray intensity and was positively correlated with them, while it negatively correlated with the solar activity. In other words, the greater the solar activity, the lower the intensity of the CRII is [57][58][59]. ...
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... This is a subject of great importance since overexposure to this radiation can be harmful to human health. In [55,56], DYASTIMA-R, which is a Geant4-based software application implemented by the Athens Cosmic Ray Group, is presented as a reliable dosimetry calculation (ambient dose equivalent rate) tool at different atmospheric altitudes, geographic coordinates, and magnetic cut-off rigidity of the exposure of aviators and passengers to ionizing cosmic radiation during air flights. ...
... DYASTIMA is based on Geant4 [22][23][24] performing Monte Carlo simulations of secondary cosmic ray cascades in any planet with an atmosphere, providing all the necessary information of the air showers' characteristics, i.e., number, energy, energy deposition, direction and time of arrival of the secondary particles at the desired atmospheric layers as a function of several parameters, such as different solar activity conditions, location, and altitude. Moreover, its embedded feature DYASTIMA-R allows [25] the estimation of radiobiological quantities, which are crucial for the assessment of the radiation exposure of aircrews and space crews. ...
... DYASTIMA is a software application for the simulation of air showers and cosmic ray secondary particles cascades inside the atmosphere of Earth. Its new feature, DYASTIMA-R [15,16], allows for the calculation of radiation doses (dose rate and equivalent dose rate) as a function of different parameters (atmospheric altitudes, geographic coordinates, and phases of solar activity). DYAS-TIMA has been validated according to international standards, as proposed in the documents by ICRP [17] and ICRU [18], and therefore can provide accurate dosimetry calculations for the exposure of aircrews due to cosmic radiation [19][20][21]. ...
... Akibat adanya awan magnetik besar, IMF kembali dibelokkan ke arah selatan. Hal ini menyebabkan terjadinya badai yang jauh lebih kuat dari sebelumnya, dengan Dst mencapai -223 nT (17 Maret 2015 pukul 23.00 UT) [3]. Indeks F 10,7 merupakan indeks aktivitas Matahari yang paling banyak digunakan sebagai indikator EUV. ...
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... cted. Therefore, it is inevitable to globally monitoring the earth for identifying and assessing climate changes. Anthropogenic, originating in human activities, is considered to be the main contributor of the climate changes and has resulted in increasing greenhouse gases and aerosols which in turn have negative impacts on global climate changes. Mavromichalaki, et. al. 2016 developed services of essential importance for the fundamental research as well as for practical applications concerning Space Weather [1]. The prime motivation for the weather station is to track any changes in weather parameters due to their significant impacts on human-being over the years. At the present time, as it is obvious, the ...
Reference: Humidity and temperature monitoring
... Therefore, the linear speed should be close to the propagation speed. This CME generated a severe solar energetic particle (SEP) event and produced also a Ground Level Enhancement (GLE) event (Gopalswamy et al., 2018;Kouloumvakos et al., 2020;Mavromichalaki et al., 2018). Hereafter, this CME is referred to as CME3. ...
... DYASTIMA/DYASTIMA-R is a validated tool [26] according to international standards provided by the International Committee on Radiological Protection (ICRP) and International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU) [27,28]. So far, DYASTIMA has been used successfully for air shower studies during periods of quiet and disturbed solar activity [21,29] as well as for the calculation of the operational radiological quantity ambient dose equivalent rate (dH*(10)/dt) inside Earth's atmosphere [25,[30][31][32]. In a first attempt to perform a simulation, the ionization rate inside the Venusian atmosphere was also estimated [31]. ...
