P. G. Lucey's research while affiliated with University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa and other places
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Publications (531)
Owing to its internal ocean, Jupiter’s moon Europa can potentially host extant life. However, because Europa’s orbit is within Jupiter’s magnetosphere, chemical biosignatures that are exposed to space may be destroyed by high-energy electron radiation. It has been suggested that biosignatures may be preserved below the radiation-penetration depth o...
We model impact gardening on Ceres and find that it is orders of magnitude less intense than impact gardening on Earth's Moon. At Ceres' equator, gardening is too shallow to compete with sublimation as a control on the depth to ice. At high latitudes, impact gardening will disturb the top centimeter of ice over 1 Ga but could not contribute to the...
The presence of meters-thick polar deposits exposed directly on the surface of Mercury provides unique science opportunities that should be prioritized in the next decade of planetary exploration. The poles of Mercury provide a natural laboratory for understanding the chemical, physical, and thermal processes that have governed the supply, retentio...
Regions of permanent shadow at the lunar poles have been suggested to host water ice and potentially other volatile compounds owing to their extremely low temperatures. Imaging in permanent shadow using indirect lighting from nearby topographic highs illuminated by the Sun has demonstrated the feasibility of optical remote sensing of permanent shad...
Widespread hydration was detected on the lunar surface through observations of a characteristic absorption feature at 3 µm by three independent spacecraft1–3. Whether the hydration is molecular water (H2O) or other hydroxyl (OH) compounds is unknown and there are no established methods to distinguish the two using the 3 µm band⁴. However, a fundame...
Impact melts are ubiquitous across the Moon, occurring in settings ranging from massive basin deposits to flows and ponds in and around small craters. Recent high spatial resolution imaging and spectroscopy datasets for the Moon have enhabled the identification and study of impact melt units at increasingly small spatial scales, including on the ce...
We update an analytic impact gardening model (Costello et al., 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2018.05.023) to calculate the depth gardened by impactors on the Moon and Mercury and assess the implications of our results for the age, extent, and source of water ice deposits on both planetary bodies. We show that if the water presently on the...
The Diviner Lunar Radiometer Experiment on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter has been acquiring visible and infrared radiance measurements of the Moon for nearly 10 years. These data have been compiled into polar stereographic maps of temperatures poleward of 80° latitude at fixed local times and fixed subsolar longitudes to provide an overview of d...
Lunar space weathering encompasses a number of space-surface interactions, including micrometeoroid, solar wind, and cosmic rays bombardment. The degree these processes affects the surface is dependent on its latitude. An important product of the space weathering process on the Moon is the formation of submicroscopic iron particles because their pr...
We examine whether water migrates through the lunar exosphere to polar regions through comparing exospheric models to observations.
The “Standoff Biofinder” is a powerful “search for life” instrument that is able to detect biomolecules from a collection of rocks and minerals in a large area with detection time less than a second using a non-contact, non-destructive approach. Biological materials show strong, short-lived fluorescence signals when excited with ultraviolet-visible...
We study LOLA derived normal albedo as a function of Diviner maximum temperature, to see if lunar permanently shadowed regions cold enough (<110K) to preserve surface water frost over geologic timescales show increased reflectance.
Volatile sources for the poles vary in space and time. Now, meteorites and solar wind dominate the inputs; in the past volcanic eruptions and impacts overwhelmed the current sources. Major gaps in understanding persist regarding all epochs.
Presenting observations regarding present day sources of water on the Moon for comparison with processes occurring on Mercury.
The sparse occurrence of the mineral olivine in reflection spectra of the Moon's surface, as well as in deep-seated lunar rocks, has long puzzled lunar geologists because it is expected that the largest impact basins, particularly the 2500-km-diameter South Pole-Aitken (SPA) basin, should have exposed the lunar mantle. Using three-dimensional numer...
Data from the Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) mission have revealed that ∼98% of the power of the gravity signal of the Moon at high spherical harmonic degrees correlates with the topography. The remaining 2% of the signal, which cannot be explained by topography, contains information about density variations within the crust. Thes...
Central peak craters are a particularly useful tool to study crustal composition because their depth of origin is relatively well constrained to 1/10th the crater diameter, they are
formed from unmelted crustal rock, and their steep slopes should retard impact melt pooling and regolith accumulation from later lateral impact mixing. Because of thes...
In this work we refine the distribution of lunar troctolite. By formal definition troctolite can contain up to 50% pyroxene relative to total mafics and the presence of such relatively high abundances of pyroxene will foil spectral matching algorithms seeking olivine-
dominated exposures using a pure olivine target signature. Radiative transfer mod...
In this study, we take a novel approach to derive the first mineral and FeO maps of the lunar polar regions (50-90° in latitude) at 1 km per pixel. We take advantage of the newly available calibrated reflectance data from the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) and use it along with reflectance ratio from the Kaguya Spectral Profiler (SP) to deriv...
A lunar water exosphere, if it currently exists, would lead to diurnal variations in surface water concentration. Here we present model calculations that reveal the specific geographic pattern of such diurnal variations as well as the amplitude of these variations relative to an assumed supply rate. Surface temperatures are derived from Diviner dat...
The aim of this work is to investigate contrasting spectral trends observed in carbonaceous chondrites by simulating space weathering effects on a subset of minerals found in these meteorites. We use pulsed laser irradiation to simulate micrometeorite impacts on aqueously altered minerals and observe their spectral and physical evolution as a funct...
We place upper limits on lunar olivine abundance using midinfrared (5–25 µm) data from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Diviner Lunar Radiometer Experiment (Diviner) along with effective emissivity spectra of mineral mixtures in a simulated lunar environment. Olivine-bearing, pyroxene-poor lithologies have been identified on the lunar surface with...
The identification of surface ice at Mercury's poles relied largely on correlating anomalously bright surface material identified with surface reflectance measurements from the Mercury Laser Altimeter with model temperatures that allow surface ice to be stable for billions of years. A similar data set exists for the lunar poles. The Lunar Orbiter L...
In this study we provide new global maps of olivine, low-calcium pyroxene, high-calcium pyroxene, plagioclase, FeO and OMAT using data from the Kaguya Multiband Imager. The Kaguya Multiband Imager acquired data in nine visible (415, 750, 900, 950, 1001 nm) and near-infrared (1000, 1050, 1250, and 1550 nm) spectral bands very similar to those acquir...
The mineralogical composition of the lunar crust across the entire surface and at a wide range of depths can be inferred from remote sensing observations of complex craters and impact basins on the Moon. Here we better constrain the composition of the lunar crust with depth by (1) conducting a comprehensive study of the mineralogy of the basin’s in...
The Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) experiment on Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) is a laser altimeter that also measures the strength of the return pulse from the lunar surface. These data have been used to estimate the reflectance of the lunar surface, including regions lacking direct solar illumination. A new calibration of these data is...
The Thermal Infrared Compact Imaging Spectrometer (TIRCIS) is a long wave infrared (LWIR, 8-14 microns) hyperspectral imager designed as the follow-on to the University of Hawaii’s SUCHI (Space Ultra Compact Hyperspectral Imager). SUCHI is a low-mass (<9kg), low-volume (10x12x40cm³) LWIR spectrometer designed as the primary payload on the Universit...
The possibility of lunar polar ice was suggested by Harold Urey in the 1950's [1], and has likely been directly detected at the North Pole of Mercury by MESSENGER. That detection was based on the presence of reflectance anomalies seen by the Mercury Laser Altimeter (MLA) that occurred only where models of the surface temperature allow long-duration...
The Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) measures the backscattered energy of the returning altimetric laser pulse at its wavelength of 1064 nm, and these data are used to map the reflectivity of the Moon at zero phase angle with a photometrically-uniform data set. Global maps have been produced at 4 pixels per degree (about 8 km at the equator) an...
The primary payload on the University of Hawaii-built 'HiakaSat' micro-satellite will be the Space Ultra Compact Hyperspectral Imager (SUCHI). SUCHI is a low-mass (<9kg), low-volume (10x10x36 cm(3)) long wave infrared hyperspectral imager designed and built at the University of Hawaii. SUCHI is based on a variable-gap Fabry-Perot interferometer emp...
Mineral maps derived from the Kaguya Multiband Imager of lunar crater central peaks are augmented using Diviner CF maps to better represent plg/pyx/olv abundances.
We constrain the amount of mantle in the crust and the depth-diameter ratio of the largest basins using mineral mixing models and a small crater spectral survey.
We present new mineral maps of Moscoviense Basin. The mineralogical diversity present makes MB a compelling target for future exploration and sample return.
Central peak compositions derived from Kaguya MI data show only weak correlation of plagioclase with proximity to the mantle derived from GRAIL data.
Using geologic context and spectral modeling, we find immature crater ejecta on Mercury has >4 times more space weathering than the most mature lunar samples.
An infrared reflectance lidar obtains multispectral data near 3 µm to map ice in the lunar polar regions. Visible fluorescence seeks organics.
The darker it gets the brighter it is.
A prototype compact remote LIBS, Raman, and laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy instrument for planetary science has been produced and extensively tested.
Compositions of lunar olivines are estimated using MGM-based techniques. Our approach provides rough but absolute compositional assessments.
We use lab and Diviner mid-IR data along with spectral mixture analysis of M^3 data to characterize areas of the Moon that are olivine-bearing and pyroxene-poor.
Impact modeling of the SPA basin, multispectral and petrologic data all suggest that the upper mantle of the Moon is dominated by orthopyroxene, not olivine.
Galactic cosmic rays are a potential energy source to stimulate organic
synthesis from simple ices. The recent detection of organic molecules at
the polar regions of the Moon by LCROSS (Colaprete, A. et al. [2010].
Science 330, 463–468, http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1186986),
and possibly at the poles of Mercury (Paige, D.A. et al. [2013]. Scie...
The Thermal Hyperspectral Imager (THI) is a low cost, low mass, power efficient instrument designed to acquire hyperspectral remote sensing data in the long-wave infrared. The instrument has been designed to satisfy mass, volume, and power constraints necessary to allow for its accommodation in a 95 kg micro-satellite bus, designed by staff and stu...
The University of Hawaii has developed a concept to ruggedize an existing thermal infrared hyperspectral system for use in the NASA SIERRA UAV. The Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology has developed a suite of instruments that acquire high spectral resolution thermal infrared image data with low mass and power consumption by combining mic...
The Space Ultra Compact Hyperspectral Imager is a long wave infrared hyperspectral imager being built at the
University of Hawaii. The sensor will be the primary payload on the HiakaSat small satellite scheduled for launch on the
Office of Responsive Space ORS-4 mission, and planned for a 6 month primary mission which is extendable up to two
years...
Laser irradiation experiments are done on a sample of the Allende
meteorite to answer basic questions regarding how carbonaceous materials
react to space weathering.
Lunar meteorites were analyzed with VNIR spectroscopy. Their geologic
context is constrained by comparison to remote VNIR and bulk chemical
data.
We show how space weathering influences the Christiansen Feature (CF)
position derived from the Diviner instrument (LRO), and a method to
mitigate this effect.
An analysis of the optical maturity and reflectance properties of Ina.
Reflectance measurements from LOLA show that normal albedos of
permanently shadowed regions at the south pole to be anomalously bright.
We modeled the k-spectra of synthetic lunar glasses from 0.3 to 2.55
µm with MGM. From this, we produced optical parameters as a
function of FeO and TiO_2.
Clementine multispectral images and Lunar Prospector elemental abundance data were used to identify and investigate unusual cryptomare deposits in the interior of Gassendi crater and the highlands to the west.
We are performing a global survey of immature small lunar craters in
order to study the source of the mafic component of the lunar
feldspathic highlands.
Integrated Raman, atmospheric lidar, LIBS, and fluorescence (RALLF)
sensor suitable for Mars rover is described for remote detection of
minerals and biomarkers.
We evaluate ilmenite abundance algorithms combining the UVVIS ratio with
long wavelength (> 2 μm) parameters made possible by a new
technique for estimating optical constants of non-transparent minerals
(i.e. ilmenite) from Mie theory.
Analyses of data from the Diviner Lunar Radiometer have indicated an
area of elevated rock abundance and nighttime soil temperature in and
around Tsiolkovskiy Crater on the lunar farside. This presentation will
describe the observations and investigate several potential formation
mechanisms.
Diviner Lunar Radiometer multispectral thermal emission imaging is
combined with near-IR datasets to produce mineral and Mg-number data
with improved fidelity. Mg-number estimates are similar to those
derived from Lunar Prospector and SELENE.
We pair laboratory VNIR analyses of feldspathic lunar meteorites with
remote sensing observations. This combined approach will constrain the
geologic context of these samples of the largely unexplored lunar
feldspathic highlands.
We are using quantitative X-ray diffraction (XRD) and microscopic
hyperspectral imaging to determine modal mineralogy of over 100 Apollo
soils with an emphasis on testing the petrologic character of
geochemical terrains at the Apollo 16 site.
The objective of this study is to develop a remote Raman-Fluorescence
spectroscopy and Lidar multi-sensor instrument capable of investigation
and identification of minerals, organics, and biogenic materials, as
well as atmospheric studies of Mars.
A thermal infrared spectrometer that collects spectral and
thermophysical properties at 10-meter resolution is proposed. Data from
this instrument would enhance rover safety, and provide compositional
data at unprecedented spatial resolution.
We have made daytime and nighttime measurements of lunar swirls with the
Diviner Lunar Radiometer Experiment. Diviner data are consistent with
the solar wind standoff mechanism for swirl formation.
We utilize a new algorithm that derives Mg# from spectral reflectance
data to derive a global map of Mg#. The derived Mg# distribution of the
lunar highlands clearly indicates its dichotomic distribution, with a
higher Mg# in the farside highlands than in the nearside.
Modal mineralogy of 30 Apollo 16 soils confirms the Descartes highlands
are more feldspathic than the Cayley plains and the chemical differences
between the mineral and glass components in each. This affects
calibration of remote sensing data.
We present a study to characterize mineralogy of lunar soils at an
individual grain level using a thermal infrared hyperspectral imaging
system equipped to take data in both emission and reflectance, and a
near-infrared hyperspectral imaging system.
Our pulsed laser irradiation experiments are devised to systematically
examine how low-iron materials like plagioclase space weather.
A survey of CF values from the Diviner Lunar Radiometer Experiment has
been performed for the central peaks of 135 complex craters on the Moon,
providing global and regional observations of the heterogeneity of
crustal compositions.
Application of a new space weathering model to multi-spectral images of
Mercury suggest accumulation space weathering derived iron is
substantially higher than on the Moon and large deposits of immature
material may not occur at the surface.
We use the Multiple Sphere T Matrix Model to calculate the scattering
properties of olivine in a transparent matrix at mid-IR wavelengths.
This work has implications for halite salt deposits on Mars and proposed
salty surfaces of Trojan asteroids.