P C Jain's research while affiliated with Dr. Harisingh Gour University and other places
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Publications (26)
Several million tonnes of feather are produced annually as a byproduct of poultry processing industries and poultry farms which apart from polluting soil and water also plays important role in spread of various human ailments such as dermatophytic infections, chlorosis, mycoplasma fowl cholera and avian influenza. Feather waste being rich in kerati...
A keratinolytic bacterium Elizabethkingia meningoseptica KB042 was isolated from dropped off feathers. The bacterium showed 82.50 ± 0.3% feather degradation when grown on medium containing 10 g/l chicken feathers with initial pH 7.0 at 37°C, 150 rpm in 6 days. The pH of the medium was increased up to 10.02 ± 0.10 during 6 days of incubation. Solubl...
Feather waste is generated in large amounts as a by-product of commercial poultry processing. This residue is almost pure keratin, which is not easily degradable by common proteolytic enzymes. Eight strains of Bacillus, isolated from decomposing feathers were tested for the hydrolysis of feather wastes in the laboratory. Among these strains, Bacill...
Streptomyces exfoliatus CFS 1068, an isolate of cultivated field soil, produced maximum collagenase activity (58.19 +/- 0.83 U ml-1 min-1) in 5 days when soybean meal and starch were used as nitrogen and carbon sources, respectively at pH 7 and 30 degrees C in shake cultures (150 rpm). Production of collagenase was higher (40.43 +/- 0.63 U ml(-1) m...
Feathers from 4 different birds were taken as substrate to find out the role of natural fatty material during the process of saprophytic colonization by some keratinophilic fungi. In the present investigation three fungi i.e., Keratinophyton terreum, Microsporum gypseum and Malbranchea aurantiaca were taken as test fungi. It is concluded that the p...
A new keratinophilic species, Chrysosporium gourii, an isolate of cattle farm soil of Sagar, India, is described and illustrated. The differences between this and other similar keratinophilic species of Chrysosporium are discussed.
Zusammenfassung. Es wird eine neue keratinophile Pilzart, Chrysosporium gourii, ein Isolat aus dem Erdboden einer Rind...
Thermophilic Thermomyces lanuginosus NK-2, isolated from wheat straw compost, produced 1418 IU mL<sup>-1</SUP> of thermostable xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8) on Czapek`s basal medium containing wheat bran (2% w/v). The specific activity of NK-2 xylanase was found to be 1107 IU mg<sup>-1</SUP> of total protein. The fungus could also utilize different  low...
Keeping in view the microbiological and pathological importance of keratinophilic fungi the present study was planned to find out their distribution in different localities of District Sagar (M.P.). For this the soil samples were collected from the poultry farms, near by the barber's shops, animal houses and from the hospitals neighbour hoods. Duri...
Forty seven fungi isolated from soil using hair bait technique were tested for degradation of keratin and production of lipase and gelatinase. Most of the fungi degraded larger amount of hen feathers than human hairs. All the fungi produced lipase, while only 42 fungi produced extracellular protease (gelatinase). Scytalidium album MA3 caused a maxi...
Thermotolerant Emericella nidulans NK-62 was isolated from bird nesting material and was tested for its ability to produce xylanase. The fungus when grown on a medium containing wheat bran (2% w/v) supplemented with Czapek's mineral salt solution at 45 °C for 7 days produced 362 IU/ml of xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8). The specific activity of E. nidulans N...
We report the case of a patient suffering from subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by Cladophialophora bantiana. The face of the upper site was involved with small, stellate, pyogranulomatous foci and low inflammation. The patient was treated by topical and systemic corticosteriod and amphotericin B. After 3 months of treatment, the patient showe...
In an attempt to isolate thermophilic moulds from various samples of soil and naturally decomposing organic matter a total of 48 fungal forms belonging to 13 different genera and 18 species were isolated. Preponderance of thermophilic mycoflora was noticed among samples of soil, storage seeds, litter and compost. Higher number of isolates of Thermo...
Onychomycosis is a frequent cause of nail disease' A case of both hand finger nail infection by Candida aLbicans is described. The affected nails developed painful, reddened swelling subungual hyperkeratosis, onycholysis and yellowish to brownish discolouration. The presence of C' albicans was confirmed by germ tube production test and ch lamydospo...
The efficacy of four sulfadrugs i.e., sulfadiazine, sulfamethoxazole, sulfaguanidine and sulfamoxole were taken in different doses (500, 1000, 1500, 2000 and 2500 ppm) to test their effectiveness against five pathogenic organisms for the control of mycelial growth and sporulation. Amongst the drugs tested sulfamethoxazole seems to be most effective...
Sixty soil samples collected from various areas of city Damoh were screened for the isolation of fungi capable for colonizing and attacking keratinous substrates. In all 60 fungi were isolated. Distribution of keratinophilic fungi in various types of soils and on different kind of keratinic substrates are discussed, from the positive samples (50.0%...
Onychomycosis is a frequent cause of nail disease' A case of both hand finger nail infection by Candida aLbicans is described. The affected nails developed painful, reddened swelling subungual hyperkeratosis, onycholysis and yellowish to brownish discolouration. The presence of C' albicans was confirmed by germ tube production test and ch lamydospo...
In Mysore, India, 88 soil samples were collected from various areas and habitats and screened for the presence of dermatophytes and related keratinophilic fungi.
The occurrence of fungal diseases is a serious problem of the present medicine because of the development of drug resistance against the antifungal activities in the pathogen. As compared to antibacterial antibiotics, there are only a few antibiotics which are used against fungal infection besides there is a serious problem of the development of re...
Citations
... The results of the zone of clearance of the skim milk agar medium by the test fungi are shown in Figure 1. The finding of this work is in agreement with the result of Jain, et al. [9] in which actinomycetes demonstrated excellent, good, fair and poor protease activity and that of Kannahi & Ancy [10] in which Fusarium oxysporum demonstrated higher protease activity of 33.6% than A. flavus with activity of 19.2%. ...
... [4] However, globally they occur in countries with a hot and humid climate [5]. The best candidates for the growth of keratinolytic and saprophytic fungi are the forest, agricultural field, farmyard, park soils, as well as sediments of the rivers and oceans contained humus and organic material [6]. Therefore, the ecological and hygienic interests have led us to study the keratinophilic mycoflora of agricultural field where farmers, and animals spend a large proportion of their time and get exposed to pathogenic fungi [7]. ...
... All the tested mutants showed an increase in xylanase activity over wild type; however mutant AnB-3 showed Mutants of A. niger differ in their culture characteristics and in requirement of amino-acid, they were regarded as auxotrophic mutants. Many workers have also produced auxotrophic mutants in the same procedure [14][15][16] . Mutants selected showed an increase in xylanase activity (Table 3). ...
![[object Object]](https://i1.rgstatic.net/ii/profile.image/687462712086528-1540915291063_Q64/Naveen-Kango.jpg)
... Keratinolytic activity has been reported in many actinomycetes [9][10][11], bacteria [12][13][14][15], dermatophytes and saprophytic fungi [16][17][18][19][20] which secrete keratinolytic enzymes. A keratinolytic bacterium Elizabethkingia meningoseptica KB042 was isolated from dropped off feathers. ...
... and can be transformed into soluble peptides and free amino acids (1,2). Many microorganisms have been isolated and demonstrated to be able to degrade feathers. ...
... Previous research reported that the chicken feather wastes are utilized on a basis as a dietary protein supplement for animal feed. Because of this composes over 90% of keratin crude protein (Nagal and Jain, 2010;Lakshmi et al., 2013). Keratin is hard to digest and degraded by general protease enzyme; trypsin, pepsin or papain, because of a high degree of cross-linking by cysteine disulfide bonds and hydrogen bond interaction (Park and Son, 2009). ...
... With the presence of lignocellulose in groundnut shell, the agrowaste has been exploited in some studies for the production of xylanase which is an important enzyme in the food and feed industries for degradation of xylan. Thermotolerant Emericella nidulans NK-62 was evaluated for the production of xylanase in a wide range of low-cost media containing agricultural wastes ( Kango et al., 2003 ). In growth medium containing groundnut shell, the fungus produced 17.3 IU/mL of xylanase. ...
... Chrysosporium species have also been recovered from hair coats of rodents111213, laboratory and domestic animals [14], and foxes [15], from wool [16], feathers of migrant birds [17], wild birds and domestic fowl [18] and from hooves and horns of goats and sheep [19]. Over the last two decades many new Chrysosporium species have been reported202122. The capacity of C. tropicum to utilize keratin has been proven by Deshmukh and Agarwal [23] by showing loss of dry matter in culture substrates. ...
![[object Object]](https://i1.rgstatic.net/ii/profile.image/756326678409220-1557333740920_Q64/Sunil-Deshmukh-2.jpg)
... Recycling of feathers can provide a cheap and alternative vas and Naik 2011;Ramnani et al., 2005), Fervidobacteriumislandicum (Nam et al., 2002), Elizabethkingiameningoseptica KB042 (Nagal and Jain 2010), Strain Chryseobacteriumsp. kr6 shown to be a useful microbial agent in the hydrolysis of poultry feathers (Ezenwali, 2021). ...
... Collagenases (E.C.-3.4.24.3) are proteolytic enzymes accountable for the degradation of helical regions of native collagen fibrils into small peptide fragments. The substrate, collagen is an extensive fibrous constituent of extracellular connective tissue such as skin, bones, cartilage, tendons, blood vessels and teeth found in all multicellular organisms 17,20 . Collagenase is an endopeptidase that is highly specific for both native and denatured collagen. ...
