Okada Ali’s scientific contributions

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Publications (2)


Figure 1. Graph of China's military budget development (1978-1990) (Craine et al., 2005: 105). In figure 1 you can clearly see the fluctuation graph of the military budget, especially when it experienced its lowest point in 1978 and 1981 at 50 billion yuan renminbi. This budget is slightly larger than the 1979-1981 period which Deng Xiaoping cut by 24.6% of the SREB (Ellman, 2014: 127), because in the 1979-1981 period, China was still focusing on industrial and infrastructure
Figure 5. Soviet-supplied BTR-50 amphibian renamed by China as M-1974 amphibian (Defense Intelligence Agency, 1984: A-22). In addition to producing equipment of the Soviet Union and other foreign designs, the Chinese have developed and produced various types of domestically designed equipment. The main weapons of Chinese design, for example, include a Type 62 and Type 63 armored personnel carrier, the A-5/Fantan fighter-bomber aircraft (see figure 6), various antitank and guided missiles, nuclear submarines as well as ICBM (intercontinental ballistic missiles) (Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA), 1984: 11; Shambaugh, 2002a: 234).
Figure 6. A-5/Fantan fighter-bomber aircraft (Defense Intelligence Agency, 1984: 65).
Figure 8. Seven military regional commands of the People's Republic of China as mapping China's military defense (1985-2015) (Office of the Secretary of Defense US, 2016: 2).
Deng Xiaoping's Military Modernization and the National Security Interests of the People's Republic of China in the East Asian Region during the Cold War (1980-1991)
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February 2024

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HISTORIA Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Sejarah

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Ahmad Gussef Wildani

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Faruq Setya Wargi

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After Mao Zedong, China arranged military modernization at the 12th National People’s Congress on 1-11 September 1982 to become Deng Xiaoping's modernization priority in response to the constellation of political and military forces of the United States of America and the Soviet Union. The research aims to analyze Deng Xiaoping’s military modernization for the interests of China's national security during the Cold War (1980-1991). The research method uses historical methods which consist of problem determination, heuristics, verification, interpretation, and historiography. The results of the research findings are that the modernization of the Chinese military carried out by Deng Xiaoping protected China's national security interests in building and developing its military capabilities in the East Asian region from 1980-1991.

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Militerisme dan Demokrasi di Myanmar (1962-2021)

May 2023

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41 Reads

Candrasangkala Jurnal Pendidikan dan Sejarah

Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis militerisme militer Myanmar (Tatmadaw) dalam berdemokrasi di Myanmar dan pemaknaan demokrasi à la militer Myanmar berdampak bagi pendewasaan demokrasi ASEAN (1962-2021). Kudeta kepada Daw Aung San Suu Kyi dan Presiden Win Myint tanggal 1 Februari 2021 di Myanmar menunjukkan negara ini masih dicengkram oleh kekuatan militer Myanmar (Tatmadaw) dalam menguasai perpolitikan dan pemerintahan. Tampaknya militer di Myanmar "mengamankan" posisi kekuasaannya dengan berlindung di balik jubah demokrasi. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode penelitian studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kudeta di Myanmar memperlihatkan wajah demokrasi ASEAN yang sedang mencari corak tersendiri akan pemahaman bagaimana demokrasi mengayomi militer ke dalam kekuasaan politik sipil dalam mempertahankan negara dari agresi eksternal kepada otoritas sipil di bidang politik dan pemerintahan.