O.S.A. Mohamed’s research while affiliated with University of Khartoum and other places

The effect of 2% and 10% dietary Tamarindus indica ripe fruit on Brown Hisex chicks was examined. There was a decrease in body weight gains and efficiency of feed utilization and soft faeces between days 21 and 35. Hepatonephropathy due to consumption of 10% T. indica food was confirmed by changes in serum enzyme activity and in total protein, cholesterol and uric acid concentrations. No haematological abnormality was observed in birds fed T. indica. The hepatocytes and the cells of the renal convoluted tubules had not completely reverted to normal at the end of a 2 week recovery period.

Twelve of fifteen 6-9-mo-old clinically healthy Desert sheep were given single or repeated daily doses of 25 to 4000 mg cotoran/kg by drench. Cotoran poisoning was characterized by grinding of the teeth, ruminal tympany, mydriasis, dyspnea, staggering, paresis of the hind and forelimbs, and recumbency. Lesions were widespread congestion and hemorrhage, hepatic fatty change, catarrhal enteritis and degeneration of the epithelial cells of the renal proximal convoluted tubules. These were accompanied by significant increases in the activities of GOT, LDH and GGT and decreases in serum total protein and calcium.

Dans un lot de quinze chèvres de race Nubienne, six ont reçu oralement en une seule fois des doses de métolachlor (Dual 720 EC®) de 2 000 ou 500 mg/kg de poids vif. Elles sont mortes dans un délai de 1 h après l'administration du produit. Six autres ont reçu quotidiennement des doses orales de 200 ou 25 mg/kg de poids vif. Elles sont mortes ou ont été abattues entre le 8è et le 25è jour. Chez les sujets ayant reçu une dose unique du produit, les signes d'empoisonnement ont consisté en des épisodes convulsifs, de l'incoordination motrice, des tremblements, des spasmes musculaires sévères, de la raideur, une salivation intense, de la détresse respiratoire, des attitudes anormales et du décubitus. Chez les chèvres ayant reçu le métolachlor aux doses quotidiennes, les signes cliniques ont été similaires mais se sont développés lentement. L'augmentation d'activité des AST et GGT sériques, celle de la concentration en urée et la diminution de la concentration des protéines totales ont évolué en corrélation avec les changements cliniques et l'apparition des lésions.

Six out of 15 Nubian goats kids were given single oral doses of metolachlor (Dual 720 EC) at 2,000 or 500 mg/kg liveweight and died within 1 h of the dosing. Other 6 goats were given daily oral doses at 200 or 25 mg/kg and died or were slaughtered between days 8 and 25. In goats receiving single doses, the signs of poisoning were convulsive episodes, incoordination of movement, tremors, severe muscular spasms, stiffness, profuse salivation, respiratory distress, abnormal posture and recumbency. In goats receiving metolachlor at daily doses, the signs were similar, but developed slowly. Increases in the activities of serum AST and GGT and in the concentration of urea, and decreases in total protein concentration were correlated with clinical changes and lesions.

Pretreatment of Nubian goats with 14 daily doses of 20 mg phenobarbitone sodium/kg increased the toxicity of temik (aldicarb) and sumicidin (fenvalerate) as reflected by the development of more severe clinical signs and lesions and in death in the pre-treated goats.

The effects of po and parenteral administration of various doses of fenugreek crude seed saponins were measured in Hisex-type chicks. Forty-nine 7-d-old Hisex chicks were assigned to 1 of 5 groups: no fenugreek; 10 mg fenugreek/kg BW im; 50 mg fenugreek/kg BW ip; 50 mg fenugreek/kg BW sc; or 500 mg fenugreek/kg BW in drinking water. Daily dosing was for 21 d. Body weights were depressed and serum LDH and GOT activities and uric acid concentration were significantly elevated. Pathological changes were liver fatty cytoplasmic vacuolation and necrosis of hepatocytes with lymphocytic infiltration, epithelial degeneration of renal tubules, catarrhal enteritis, and varying degrees of hemorrhage in the thigh and breast. Myositis and peritonitis were observed in chicks given fenugreek crude saponins respectively im or ip.

The administration of single oral doses of a mixture of 0.25 mg temik/kg and 112.5 mg sumicidin/kg to Nubian goats caused severe clinical signs. Death occurred within 10 h after redosing on day 7. Lesions were correlated with clinical chemistry changes. Goats which received single oral doses of 0.25 mg temik/kg or 112.5 mg sumicidin/kg alone has slight clinical changes and recovered 5 h post-dosing.

Single oral dosages of Temik (aldicarb 15%) given to Nubian goats at 150, 37.5 and 5 mg/kg caused toxic manifestations and death 5-180 min after administration. Daily dosing of the compound at 0.5 and 0.1 mg/kg caused death of goats between days 5 and 40. Death was preceded by clinical illness in which signs suggesting nervous system dysfunction consistently occurred. Pathological, haematological and biochemical changes are described.

L'administration par voie orale de chlorpyrifos à des chèvres de Nubie, aux doses de 1200, 600, 300 mg/kg, a occasionné des troubles nerveux et la mort au bout de 15 minutes à deux jours. Une dose orale de 150 mg/kg a été toxique mais non fatale pour les chèvres. Les animaux ayant reçu du chlorpyrifos, par voie orale, à des doses journalières de 300, 150 et 75 mg/kg, ont montré des signes de toxicité et sont morts aprés deux à sept jours de traitement. Les modifications pathologiques, biochimique s et hématologiques sont décrites dans cette étude.