Nurwasis Nurwasis’s research while affiliated with Airlangga University and other places

The importance of safe and effective efforts to prevent cataract incidence, one of which is by providing direct ultraviolet light protection to the eye. The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of UV-blocking spectacles and Senofilcon A contact lenses in protecting against UV-B-induced cataract. The associated lens damage was measured through the expression of P53 and caspase-3 in lens epithelial cells. Rats were exposed to direct UV-B irradiation from a UV-B lamp positioned 18 cm anterior to the right eye for 30 minutes, with an average irradiation energy of 6.5 kJ/m². Rats were irradiated without protection (P1), with UV-blocking spectacles protection (P2), and Senofilcon A contact lens protection (P3). Rats were euthanized, and eyes were enucleated on day 3 after UV-B exposure. UV-B exposure to unprotected eyes causes increased expression of P53 as a marker of DNA damage and increased caspase-3 as an executor of apoptosis in the lens epithelial cells. Immunohistochemistry was utilized to assess the expression of p53 and caspase-3 in the lens epithelial cells. The UV-B irradiation group showed the highest mean expression of P53 and caspase-3. The expression of p53 in both protection groups was significantly lower compared to the unprotected radiation groups (p =0.042, p =0.001). Similar results were obtained in the expression of caspase-3 of both protection groups compared to unprotected radiation (p = 0.017; p =0.002). The expression of p53 and caspase-3 was not significantly different when comparing the two protection groups (p =0.386, p =0.158). UV-blocking spectacles and Senofilcon A contact lenses provided equally effective protection in preventing UV-B radiation-induced P53 and caspase-3 expression. Finally, the data suggest that both of these protective measures can be employed as a means of preventing UV-B-induced cataract.

Acute Primary Angle Closure (APAC) or Acute Glaucoma is a condition where intraocular pressure rapidly increases due to the occlusion of the trabecular meshwork by the iris. This case report aims to present the clinical manifestations of APAC and evaluate the initial treatment strategies to immediately reduce intraocular pressure (IOP) and prevent visual loss. A 63-year-old woman presented with a sudden onset of pain in her left eye, accompanied by redness, headache, blurred vision, and nausea. Her visual acuity in the left eye was 1/300, with an IOP of 69.3 mmHg. Slit-lamp examination revealed hyperemic conjunctiva, mixed conjunctival and pericorneal injection, corneal edema, a shallow anterior chamber with Van Herrick grade I, radially dilated iris, a mid-dilated pupil (4 mm in diameter), and a cloudy lens. Gonioscopy confirmed a closed angle and peripheral anterior synechiae (PAS). The right eye had a shallow anterior chamber with normal IOP. Initial treatment included oral glycerin, intravenous analgesic, oral acetazolamide 250 mg, potassium chloride 600 mg, and topical beta-blocker 0.5%, but showed no improvement. Subsequently, a trabeculectomy was performed. The patient also underwent Laser Peripheral Iridotomy (LPI) on the right eye. This case underscores that acute primary angle closure is an ophthalmic emergency, and timely management is crucial to prevent further complications and visual loss. Postoperative follow-up indicated a significant reduction in IOP and stabilization of visual acuity, highlighting the importance of rapid intervention in APAC cases.

Aims: To assess the effects of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide and bevacizumab on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase MMP-2 and its inhibitor TIMP-1 in an experimental rabbit model of penetrating injury. Settings and Design: An accurate experimental study of five left eyes as negative control and 27 eyes with penetrating injury with or without treatment from 27 rabbits. Methods and Material: A total of 30 New Zealand rabbits were recruited, and penetrating injury was performed in the superotemporal quadrant of the right eye by making incisions 5 mm horizontally and 6 mm behind the limbus. The rabbits were split into five groups: OGI, intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide, and bevacizumab, with varying injection timings (n = 6 per group). All eyes were inspected and analyzed by assessing the expression of MMP-2 and TIMP-1. Statistical analysis used: Statistical analysis was performed using the Prism GraphPad 9. Statistical calculations were made by ANOVA test. All descriptive data are presented as mean+standard deviation. P value less than 0.05 was considered significant statistically. Results: The expression of MMP-2 in the treatment group was considerably lower than in control penetrating injury group (8,36±1,699, p<0,0001), conversely TIMP-1 expression was higher in the treatment group (4,72±1,026, P 0,0593). Fibrosis was assessed with HE staining and primarily detected in positive control groups. Conclusions: TA and bevacizumab treatments after penetrating injury effectively inhibited the elevation of MMP-2 and decreased the expression of TIMP-1 in the retina and wound site tissue, respectively. It reduces the possibility of acquiring posttraumatic PVR.

Introduction: Sight is one of the most important senses that absorbs more than 80% of visual information. However, visual disturbances are common, ranging from mild to severe disturbances that can lead to blindness. A cataract is the leading cause of blindness in Indonesia; it is accountable for 77.7% of all blindness. Phacoemulsification is a new ECCE technique in which cloudy or cataractous lenses are removed through a 2-3 mm incision with no sutures. The advantages of this small incision are faster visual recovery, minimal astigmatic induction due to surgery, and minimal postoperative complications and inflammation. Purpose: This study aimed to measure visual outcomes in senile cataract patients after phacoemulsification surgery at Griya Husada Eye Center, Madiun, Indonesia. Methods: A Retrospective study was carried out among senile cataract patients who had phacoemulsification surgery at Griya Husada Eye Center, Madiun, Indonesia between January and May 2021. The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was recorded on the fourteenth day. Results: From 292 patients, postoperative visual acuity in the good category (6/6 - 6/18) was 94.9%, in the moderate category (<6/18 - 6/60) was 1.7%, and in the poor category (<6/60) was 3.4%. Conclusions: Postoperative visual acuity with phacoemulsification at Griya Husada Eye Center, Madiun, Indonesia showed satisfactory results and met World Health Organization’s (WHO) standards.

Highlights: 1. Combination of medication and surgery on glaucoma had the least post-therapy intraocular pressure. 2. There was no significant difference in the efficacy of drugs, surgeries, and combination of both therapies for glaucoma intraocular pressure reduction. Abstract Introduction: Glaucoma leads to blindness in its end stage. Quality of life drops as visual field loss as progressive optic nerve damage since high intraocular pressure elevation. Glaucoma treatment focused on aqueous humor regulation, thus the intraocular pressure is maintained at normal. Methods: This was a retrospective analytical study using secondary data gathered from medical records as total sampling data. The sample was determined by the purposive non-probability technique. The mean of intraocular pressure after therapies was defined as the dependent variable while the independent variable was the type of therapy. Results: Combined therapy (16.00 ± 6.77 mmHg) had the least post-therapy intraocular pressure. The statistical test indicated no significant difference in the effectiveness of medication, surgery, and combination therapy for glaucoma intraocular pressure reduction. Conclusion: There was no prominent difference in the efficacy of drugs, surgeries, and combined therapies for glaucoma intraocular pressure reduction.

Background: The cause of cell death is thought to be due to the pathological apoptotic process in Retinal Ganglion Cells (RGCs), but how the exact mechanism of what is most influential is still not explained. Objective: This study aimed to explain the mechanism of RGCs apoptosis Rattus Norvegicus which is thought to underlie the occurrence of ethambutol toxic optic neuropathy. Methods: A total of 42 male, adult Rattus norvegicus Sprague-Dawley strains were divided into 6 groups with 3 control groups and 3 treatment groups in a randomized design with time series test. The treatment groups were given ethambutol 15 mg/kg/day for each group within 5, 10 and 15 days orally using a gauge.Expressions of SOD2, MDA, PKC δ, p53, Cyt c, Caspase 3 and apoptosis were examined by immunohistochemical methods. Results: Ethambutol affected significant decreased expression of SOD2 with p=0.002 in 5 days, p=0.013 in 10 days and p=0.018 in 15 days; significant increased MDA in 5 days with p=0.05, 10 days with p=0.017, 15 days with p=0.002; significant increased p53 in 5 days with p=0.012, 10 days with p=0.002, 15 days with p=0.001; significant increased Cyt c in 5 days with p=0.004, 10 days with p=0.001, 15 days with p=0.001; significant increased Caspase 3 in 5 days with p=0.001, 10 days with p=0.003, 15 days with p=0.001 and apoptosis in 5 days with p=0.001, 10 days with p=0.001, 15 days with p=0.001. Conclusion: The mechanism of apoptosis of RGCs caused by ethambutol was showed via decreased expression SOD2, increased expression of MDA, p 53, Cyt c, Caspase 3 andapoptosis. These biomarkers are essential to detect apoptosis as one of mechanism in cell death.

Introduction: Trabeculectomy is an incisional surgery for glaucoma patient. Performing trabeculectomy in primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) is quite difficult. Caution is needed for the occurrence of flat anterior chamber (FAC) and malignant glaucoma. We present a case management of trabeculectomy in a PACG patient. Case presentation: A 52-year-old male had blurred vision in his left eye since one year ago. The patient felt left visual field narrowing since eight months ago. Patient had type 2 diabetes mellitus. Visual acuity on the left eye was 5/7.5. Intraocular pressure (IOP) increased (29 mmHg). Gonioscopy showed closed angle and peripheral anterior synechiae. Glaucomatous optic neuropathy was found with C/D ratio value of 0.9 and superior-inferior RNFL thinning on optical coherence tomography (OCT). Anterior segment OCT revealed shallow anterior chamber depth (ACD) 2.54 mm. The right eye visual acuity was 5/5, normal IOP, and shallow ACD (2.66 mm). Patient was underwent left eye trabeculectomy. Postoperatively, left eye anterior chamber and bleb were formed. He had normal IOP without glaucoma medications. Conclusions: Trabeculectomy is a surgical procedure for glaucoma. Close monitoring is required to avoid the risk of postoperative FAC and malignant glaucoma in PACG.