Nurainas’s research while affiliated with Andalas University and other places


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Publications (16)


Lithocarpus tapanuliensis Harapan, W.H.Tan, Nurainas & Strijk, sp. nov. A fresh fruits from field collection B fresh fruits in the canopy C bark and sapwood D fresh leaves E dried mature and immature infructescence F base of tree next to an animal wallow G cupule- bottom view, top view and nut bottom view and cross-section. Pictures by T.S. Harapan & T.A Febriamansyah, edited by W.H. Tan.
Distribution map of Lithocarpus tapanuliensis sp. nov. in South Tapanuli, North Sumatra. The inset map shows the location of the sampling region on Sumatra Island, Indonesia. Elevation was obtained from SRTM (2023). Map by T.S. Harapan.
A Acorns consumed by orangutan B orangutan nest in a neighbouring tree. Pictures by T.S. Harapan & T.A Febriamansyah, edited by W.H. Tan.
Lithocarpus tapanuliensis (Fagaceae), a new stone oak from northern Sumatra and its role as an important resource for critically endangered orangutans
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October 2023

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275 Reads

Phytokeys

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A new species of stone oak, Lithocarpus tapanuliensis Harapan, W.H.Tan, Nurainas & Strijk from South Tapanuli, North Sumatra, Indonesia is described. We provide colour photographs, a distribution map and a new IUCN conservation status assessment for inclusion on the global Red List. The unique cupule morphology, particularly the shape, placement and distinctness of the cupule protuberances, are distinctive from other Lithocarpus species in the region. Ecological interactions (e.g. consumption and nesting) with Tapanuli orangutans were recorded in the field.

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Figure 2. Part of Z. album utilized. A. Young flower. B. Young flower bud. C. Young flower bud boiled. D. Cooked Z. album. Source: Author's documentation.
Characteristics of gender, age, and occupation of respondents.
Utilization of Z. album as medicinal plant by the Simanau community in Solok District
Comparison of Z. album UV Score with Other Species in the Zingiberaceae Family from Various Locations in Sumatra
Comparison of Z. album CFSI score with other species in the Zingiberaceae family from various locations in Sumatra
Ethnobotanical study of Zingiber album Nurainas, an endemic ginger from Sumatra

October 2023

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55 Reads

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science

Zingiber album Nurainas is an endemic ginger of Sumatra which was published as a new species in 2017 and have been listed as endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The IUCN assessment informs that there is habitat degradation due to the conversion of land functions accompanied by local community utilization in Simanau, Solok Regency, West Sumatra. This study aimed to explore local utilization patterns of Z. album through an ethnobotanical approach. The methods used include field observations through direct and indirect interviews with 18 respondents, also literature studies to see the performance of species among other species in Zingiberaceae in West Sumatra. Use Value (UV), Cultural Food Significance Index (CFSI), and ethnoalluvial using EthnobotanyR package were used for analysis. The research results revealed that Z. album was traditionally utilized as a vegetable along with traditional treatment for swollen uterus after childbirth, abdominal pain, internal heat, and abdominal swollen known as “panyakik rajo” and “panah gadang” that has a low benefit value (UV; 0.28) and medium cultural importance (CFSI; 45.6) and classified as low utilization among other species. Ethnoalluvial plot shows that the potential use of Zingiber album amid other Zingiberaceae species in West Sumatra suggests that this plant possesses a little importance.


Figure 1. The Research Location Map of West Sumatra Province
Figure 2. Zingiberaceae species in West Sumatra based on herbarium specimens
Diversity, distribution of the ginger family (Zingiberaceae) in West Sumatra based on herbarium specimens and its potency for genetic resources essential oil

October 2023

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141 Reads

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2 Citations

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science

Zingiberaceae is popular plant family that is widely used for medicinal purposes, as cooking spices, and as a source of essential oils. The Zingiberaceae family is characterized by its significant reliance on essential oils. This study aims to inventory, analyze distribution, and review the potential of essential oils from Zingiberaceae species. The species inventory is based on observations of herbarium specimens, and the potential of essential oils is known through a literature review. A total of 2,500 herbarium specimens stored at the Andalas University Herbarium (ANDA) and the Bogoriense Herbarium (BO) were identified. The results showed 100 species belonging to 20 genera of Zingiberaceae in West Sumatra. Zingiberaceae are found administratively in almost all cities and districts in West Sumatra, with Padang City and Mentawai Islands District. Geographically, Zingiberaceae are distributed in secondary and mixed forests in the lowland, medium elevation, and hilly to montane zones. Based on a literature review, 12% of Zingiberaceae species have been commercialized, 24% have potential for essential oil production, and the rest have not been studied for their essential oil content. The main components of essential oils found in Zingiberaceae are monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes.


IDENTIFICATION OF PINUS MERKUSII LANDRACE BELONGING TO KERINCI - WEST SUMATRA, INDONESIA, USING SEQUENCE-RELATED AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHISM (SRAP) TECHNIQUE

June 2023

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34 Reads

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1 Citation

SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics

Pinus merkusii is a potential wood that naturally grows in Central Sumatra (Kerinci) and North Sumatra (Aceh and Tapanuli), Indonesia. The Kerinci landrace has a different morphology from the other two Sumatran Pinus landraces, namely, Aceh and Tapanuli, but its placement is at the same taxonomic level. Hence, additional characters need evaluation to validate taxa on P. merkusii landrace belonging to Kerinci. This study aims to identify differences in genetic characters between Kerinci and Aceh (Rao and TAHURA [Taman Hutan Raya]) landraces using SRAP for long-term use and future conservation. DNA extraction ran from the leaves of 24 individual trees belonging to three populations of P. merkusii, i.e., one naturally occurring population in Kerinci and the two cultivated populaces found in Rao and TAHURA, Indonesia. Using seven SRAP combination primers, the analysis revealed an immense variety of alleles (bands). Overall, the amplification produced 62 bands, with nine, on average, per primary pair. However, most bands were polymorphic (91.79%), and only 0.57% were monomorphic. With 45% informative bands, the Kerinci landrace has the highest band variation. A combination of primer C (Me1 + Em3) at 900 bp and primer I (Me3 + Em1) at 1050 bp band size indicated specific bands that served as molecular characteristics. A crucial molecular characteristic distinguishes the landraces of P. merkusii found in Kerinci and other populations in Rao and TAHURA, Indonesia. The study revealed superior genetic variation among the P. merkusii populations evaluated.


Differences In Morphological Character O. tigillarium and O. horridum
Morphological Differentiation between Nibung (Oncosperma tigillarium (Jack) Ridl), A Mascot Flora of Riau Province, and Its Closed Related Species, Bayas (Oncosperma horridum (Griff) Scheffer)

May 2023

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102 Reads

World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews

Nibung and Bayas plants are members of the Arecaceae family, which is characterized by monocots, solitary or clumped stems, pinnate compound leaves, and flower frames. The province of Riau contains Nibung (O. tigillarium). Nibung (Oncosperma tigillarium) and Bayas (Oncosperma horridum) are members of the same family, but their morphology and habitat are distinct. This study seeks to determine the morphological distinctions between Nibung and Bayas plants found in the province of Riau, as well as their distribution. This investigation utilized field samples collected from two locations: Rantau Bertuah Village and Tanjung Medang Village. Additional analysis of morphological characters, notably diagnostic characters, and distribution data obtained from the GBIF website using secondary data. The results revealed morphological distinctions between O. tigillarium and O. horridum, particularly in terms of habitat, leaf arrangement, stem texture, and thorn texture. In contrast to the leaves of O. horridum, O. tigillarium leaves are arranged (facing) in the opposite direction. The stem of O. tigillarium is silky, whereas that of O. horridum is fibrous and textured. The thorns of O. tigillarium have a smooth and thin texture, whereas those of O. horridum are rough and dense. In addition, Nibung and Bayas plants have strikingly different distributions. O. tigillarium grows in marshy zones along the coast, whereas O. horridum grows on mountain slopes and plateaus.


Figure 1. The phylogenetic relationships among the species of the genera Geocharis based on a Maximum Likelihood (ML) analysis of ITS sequences data. The bold species name indicates Geocharis collected in this study.
The characteristics of Sequence data characteristics of Sumatran Geocharis
Phylogenetic analysis of sumatran Geocharis (Zingiberaceae) based on ITS sequences data

April 2023

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142 Reads

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science

The genus Geocharis is one of the genera in the ginger family. This genus is distributed in Sumatra, the Malay Peninsula, Sabah, Sarawak, and the Philippines, where Sumatra is its main distribution. In this study, Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) sequence data were used to determine phylogenetic relationships among six species of Geocharis from Sumatra. A total of fourteen sequence data were analyzed in this study. Seven samples were analyzed at the Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular, Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Andalas University, and seven others using sequence from GenBank. Voucher specimens are deposited at the Herbarium of Andalas (ANDA). The results showed that the Geocharis species were grouped into two main clusters, in which all species collected from Sumatra are in the same clade.


Figure 1. Map of Bukit Rimbang-Bukit Baling Wildlife Reserve, Kampar, Riau, Indonesia, ( ) showing the study area
The sample size of respondents of the selected villages
Socio-demographics of respondents
Diversity and use of wild edible fruits in the Bukit Rimbang-Bukit Baling Wildlife Reserve, Kampar, Riau, Indonesia

October 2022

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208 Reads

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12 Citations

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity

The Bukit Rimbang-Bukit Baling Wildlife Reserve is a protected area with a diverse ecosystem and vegetation. The area provides many ecosystem services that are critical to life, particularly for humans. The aim of this study is to document wild edible fruits and their use by the community surrounding the Bukit Rimbang-Bukit Baling Wildlife Reserve. The study was carried out in eight villages of Kampar district, Riau province, namely Tanjung Belit, Tanjung Belit Selatan, Gema, Kota Lama, Muara Bio, Muara Selayah, IV Koto Setingkai, and Sungai Rambai. This study was based on field surveys, plant collection, and interviews with the local people. Interviews were performed with 334 respondents selected by using the random sampling technique. A total of 67 wild edible fruit plant species, consisting of 29 families, have been documented in the study area. Artocarpus integer, Mangifera odorata, Mangifera foetida, Nephelium maingayi, Durio oxleyanus, Syzygium polyanthum, Pometia pinnata, Baccaurea deflexa, Garcinia xanthochymus, and Bellucia pentamera were among the plants recognized and frequently harvested by respondents. Local communities use wild edible fruits as food, either eaten raw or processed into candy, snacks, or vegetables. About 54% of the respondents reported traditional knowledge linked to wild edible fruits is transferred from the parents/grandparents to the next generations in the study area. The expansion of agricultural lands and the decline in traditional knowledge are the main threats to the sustainability of wild edible fruits in the study area.


Figure 1. Use-values of plants in three typical Sawahlunto cuisines
Ethnobotanical Study of Minangkabau and Aneuk Jamee Tradisional Food: Unique Tradisional Cuisine from Sawahlunto, West Sumatra

October 2022

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95 Reads

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6 Citations

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science

Plant material conservation for traditional cuisine in a particular ethnicity is very important to preserve their culture for sustainable utilization. Sawahlunto City consists of a multi-ethnic community with various cultures, customs, and traditions. This fact results in a unique variety of food types and diverse materials. Preliminary ethnobotanical research was conducted on two research sites (Talago Gunung and Rantih Village) in Sawahlunto district. This study aimed to investigate the variety of Minangkabau traditional foods in the Sawahlunto district of Indonesia. The data were obtained from sixteen respondents in the research sites through semi-structured interviews. The collected data were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Quantitative analyses included the Use Value (UV) and Cultural Food Significance Index (CFSI) of each plant. The plant materials were identified and deposited at the Herbarium of Universitas Andalas. This study has revealed three main types of traditional foods: ‘ayam bungo jua’, ‘udang kasambi,’ and ‘gulai ayam talanjao.’ These three types of traditional cuisine have different plant diversities and use 18 plants species from 13 families. Shallots ( Allium ascalonicum ) is a pivotal plant to make the three traditional foods because it provides the highest UV value of 2.06. Another important case shows that culturally important plants with the three highest CFSI values are detected in red chili ( Capsicum annuum ), shallot ( Allium ascalonicum ), and garlic ( Allium sativum ). The detailed plant diversity and their conservation in this research are discussed in this article.


Fig. 2. Morphological characteristics of Engelhardia anminiana. A, fruit branch and scaly leaf axial surface; B, branch and abaxial surface of scaly leaf; C, sprout; D, the female inflorescences; E, detailed feature of the scaly leaf axial surface; F, detailed feature of the abaxial surface of scaly leaf; G, fruit. Scale bar ¼ 5 cm.
Fig. 3. Line illustration of Engelhardia anminiana. A, fruit branch and scaly leaf axial surface; B, axial surface of fruit; C, abaxial surface of fruit; D, abaxial surface and the hispid hairs of leaflet; E, abaxial surface and the hispid hairs of fruit. Drawn by Jian-Yong Shen from Xishuangbanna Tropical Botany Garden.
Fig. 6. A, Scatterplots based on principal component analysis (PCA) scores for each individual (shown as a dot) evaluated, and the coloured and dotted circles enclose individuals belonging to the same component; B, canonical discriminant analysis, the blue squares represent each group centroid of classification, and the dots represent off-centre individuals. The list of taxa and colour scheme are the same in A and B.
Fig. 7. Phylogeny of Engelhardia from Bayesian consensus tree based on nrITS ribotypes (A, left) and the combined cpDNA haplotypes (B, right); posterior probability support of Bayesian (before) and bootstrap support values from ML analyses (after) are given above the major branches (>90% values).
Two new species from Sulawesi and Borneo facilitate phylogeny and taxonomic revision of Engelhardia (Juglandaceae)

August 2022

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512 Reads

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12 Citations

Plant Diversity

Engelhardia a genus of Juglandaceae (the walnut family), is endemic to tropical and subtropical Asia. The rich Cenozoic fossil records and distinctive morphological characters of the living plants have been used to explore the evolutionary history and geographic distribution of Juglandaceae. However, the taxonomy of this genus has been suffered from a lack of in-depth investigation and good specimens across its distribution ranges. Species delimitation of Engelhardia was defined with seven species in 2020, but detailed information on the circumscription of the species still remains poorly understood. In this study, two new species are described from Sulawesi and Borneo, Engelhardia anminiana and E. borneensis. We also revised and reconstructed the phylogeny within Engelhardia using morphological, molecular (plastid and ribosomal), and distribution data. We sampled 787 individuals in 80 populations, and all the samples were genotyped using plastid regions, trnS-trnG, rps16, trnL-trnF, psbA-trnH, and rpl32-trnL; one ribosomal region, nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (nrITS). The all datasets were used to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships. Then, the molecular analyses were combined for 738 sheets of specimens with 15 morphological characteristics to further explore the morphological clusters of Engelhardia. Cluster analysis using morphological data confirmed the delimitation of nine Engelhardia species. Also, phylogenetic analysis based on molecular data (i.e., plastid and ribosomal) supported the monophyly of Engelhardia and generated phylogenetic trees that included E. fenzelii, E. roxburghiana, E. borneensis, E. hainanensis, E. anminiana, E. serrata, E. villosa, E. apoensis and the varieties of E. spicata (i.e., E. spicata var. spicata, E. spicata var. rigida, E. spicata var. aceriflora, and E. spicata var. colebrookeana). Our comprehensive taxonomic revision of Engelhardia will provide a basis for understanding tropical-subtropical transitions and plant diversity in tropical and subtropical Asia.


Antifungal activity of three Piper species against Ceratocystis fimbriata in rubber trees

July 2022

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53 Reads

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1 Citation

Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection

The research aimed to investigate the effect of leaf extracts of Piper cilibracteum, P. curtisii and P. aduncum againts of Ceratocystis fimbriata in vitro. Crude methanolic extract of P. aduncum leaves showed the highest percentage growth inhibition (GIP; 79.38%) than those of P. cilibracteum (37.52%) and P. curtisii (24.31%). Further examination of the leaf extract of P. aduncum with various solvents, we found that the n-hexane extract had the best performance in inhibiting the growth of C. fimbriata (GIP of 73.20%). The Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC)50 and MIC90 of this n-hexane extract towards C. fimbriata were reached at a very low concentration at 165 mg/L and 6999 mg/mL, respectively. The n-hexane leaf extract of P. aduncum is a potential candidate for anti-Ceratocystis agent. Based on Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectra of n-hexane leaves extract of P. aduncum, apiol was identified as a major compound in the extract. • HIGHLIGHTS • • Leaf extract of P. cilibracteum, P. curtisii and P. aduncum had antifungal against Ceratocystis fimbriata. • • N-hexane extract of P. aduncum showed greater growth inhibition to C. fimbriata. • • GC-MS spectra of n-hexane extract of P. aduncum showed apiol as a major compound. • • Piper aduncum can be considered as an antifungal resource for protection of rubber crops.


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Citations (10)


... Zingiberaceae is recognized as one of the largest plant families, encompassing approximately 115 genera and over 3,000 species worldwide (WFO Plant List 2024). In Sumatra, 76 species were documented by Newman et al. (2004), while recent studies report 100 species identified in West Sumatra (Rahmi et al. 2023). Among these, Curcuma sumatrana Miq., an endemic species to Sumatra with vulnerable conservation status, stands out as a species of significant concern (Nurainas and Ardiyani 2019). ...

Reference:

New record and potential spatial distribution of Curcuma sumatrana (Zingiberaceae): An endemic wild turmeric in Sumatra, Indonesia
Diversity, distribution of the ginger family (Zingiberaceae) in West Sumatra based on herbarium specimens and its potency for genetic resources essential oil

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science

... Based on the tree features themselves, depending on the diameter at the total height, it was also noticeable that the trees' distribution was according to the growth stages (Table 2) because each growth stage has traits that set it apart from the others. Distinguishing the growth stages and the concerned parameters resulted from using these measurements (Dukenov et al., 2023;Rinaldi et al., 2023). Characterization of the forests scattered in the Atrush region, Iraq, depended on their varying plant composition in densities. ...

IDENTIFICATION OF PINUS MERKUSII LANDRACE BELONGING TO KERINCI - WEST SUMATRA, INDONESIA, USING SEQUENCE-RELATED AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHISM (SRAP) TECHNIQUE
  • Citing Article
  • June 2023

SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics

... This strong interaction with the environment fostered unique indigenous information and wisdom, including the uses of plants as food (Agesti et al. 2023). The geographical setting and cultural evolution of the Gayo people influence their dietary patterns, cooking methods, and culinary traditions (Yaris and Ozkaya 2015;Nurainas et al. 2022). ...

Ethnobotanical Study of Minangkabau and Aneuk Jamee Tradisional Food: Unique Tradisional Cuisine from Sawahlunto, West Sumatra

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science

... Suwardi et al. (2022) documented 129 species of WEF from six districts in Aceh Province, Indonesia, and also noted the conservation status of these species. Meanwhile, Syamsuardi et al. (2022), in their study of WEF in Kampar District, Riau, Indonesia, reported that 67 species of wild edible fruits were used by people living in Bukit Rimbang Bukit Baling Riau. These previous studies have an important issue in common: a concern about the preservation of community knowledge on WEF and the suggestion that the knowledge should be passed on to the younger generation to maintain WEF sustainability in nature. ...

Diversity and use of wild edible fruits in the Bukit Rimbang-Bukit Baling Wildlife Reserve, Kampar, Riau, Indonesia

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity

... In the Engelhardioideae subfamily, species of Engelhardia Lesch. ex Blumewidely distribute in the tropical and subtropical regions of eastern Asia [5], which are widely used in wood and tea, and also play a significant role in the ecosystem [6,7]. There are about 9 Engelhardia species in China, which mainly occur in the southwest, south to southeast [7]. ...

Two new species from Sulawesi and Borneo facilitate phylogeny and taxonomic revision of Engelhardia (Juglandaceae)

Plant Diversity

... It was in agreement with our findings that the predominant constituent in P. aduncum essential oil was from a phenylpropanoid of apiole (33.49%). Another previous study by Fadli et al. 35 also supported this finding. They reported that apiole was also found as a major compound in the n-hexane extract of P. aduncum leaves. ...

Antifungal activity of three Piper species against Ceratocystis fimbriata in rubber trees
  • Citing Article
  • July 2022

Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection

... These plants hold significance in times of food scarcity, ensuring food sovereignty, security, and wellbeing in vulnerable households. For rural communities, WEPs are recognized for their significant contributions in providing various resources such as traditional brews, diet, oil, remedies, fodder, firewood, construction materials and for facilitating traditional rituals (Asha and Singh, 2020;Elfrida et al., 2021;Sutrisno et al., 2020;Navia et al., 2021;Sutrinso et al., 2021;Suwardi et al., 2021;Ramaidani and Navia, 2022;Syamsuardi et al., 2022a). The local people mostly consume these wild edible plants as vegetables and foods and use them as ethnomedicine. ...

Aneuk Jamee traditional foods in the South Aceh District, Indonesia

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity

... The Engelhardia species are deciduous or semi-evergreen trees or evergreen tree, often with even-pinnate compound leaves, monoecious or dioecious, fruit nut-like, when the fruit is ripe, the bracts grow, membranous, and connate with the fruit to form a nutlet with 3-lobed wings [8]. In previous studies on the species delimitation of Engelhardia [7,9] and the phylogeography of two trees species (i.e., E. roxburghiana and E. fenzelii) [10], combined plastid regions (psbA-trnH, trnL-trnF, rps16, trnS-trnG, and rpl32-trnL), one nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (nrITS), and Microsatellite (nSSR) data were used. Yet to date, except in individual cases [3,11,12], comparative analyses of multiple Engelhardia plastome are still lacking. ...

Shining a light on species delimitation in the tree genus Engelhardia Leschenault ex Blume (Juglandaceae)
  • Citing Article
  • July 2020

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

... It is believed that natural resources, particularly plants, may serve as effective αglucosidase inhibitors with similar therapeutic effects but fewer side effects compared to the oral α-glucosidase inhibitors currently available (Dirir et al., 2022). Alpinia denticulata is one of the Zingiberaceae plant family that needs to be explored as it was reported as a new record species in Sumatra in 2019 (Maulidah et al., 2019). It is locally called Pogehpogeh and even though it is known, nothing has been stated regarding its traditional use by the local communities where this plant is found. ...

Two new records of Alpinia Roxb. (Zingiberaceae) in Sumatra, Indonesia and phylogenetic relationship to their allied species

... Among them are langsats, durians, and cempedaks. Recorded 15 species of local plants in pumonean in Siberut Island [8]. ...

Species Diversity and Community Structure of Fruit Trees in Pumonean at Siberut, Mentawai Islands, Indonesia
  • Citing Article
  • November 2017

International Journal of Current Research in Biosciences and Plant Biology