Norbert Jux’s research while affiliated with Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and other places

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Publications (218)


Visualization of the toolbox-like synthetic concept toward fused porphyrin-rylenediimide conjugates
Examples from literature on the application of five-and six-ring fused porphyrins in solar cells
¹H NMR spectra (aromatic region) of phenyl-fused conjugates (a) Ph-NDI (top) and Ph-NDI-Ph (bottom); (b) Ph-PDI (top) and Ph-PDI-Ph (bottom). The signals are highlighted according to the fragment they originate from: fused porphyrin (green), NDI (pink), and PDI (purple). Solvent: CD2Cl2
(a)–(c) UV/vis spectra of the D–A dyads. Solvent: CH2Cl2. (d) Comparison of UV/vis spectra of dyad Ph-PDI and respective triad Ph-PDI-Ph. Solvent: CH2Cl2
Eigenvalues and orbital contours of the HOMO and LUMO of (a) the NDI-based dyads Ph-NDI, Pyr-NDI, and HBC-NDI (left to right); (b) the PDI-based dyads Ph-PDI, Pyr-PDI, and HBC-PDI (left to right) in the gas phase calculated at DFT (B3LYP/def2-TZVPP) level of theory including an implicit solvation model

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A synthetic methodology toward π-extended porphyrin-rylenediimide conjugates
  • Article
  • Full-text available

January 2025

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9 Reads

Christoph Oleszak

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Christian L. Ritterhoff

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Erik J. Schulze

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[...]

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Norbert Jux

In this work, we present a straightforward synthetic route for the preparation of functionalized β-meso-fused porphyrins, which are subsequently connected to rylendiimides. The resulting donor–acceptor-type conjugates exhibit intriguing optical properties, such as panchromatism and profoundly bathochromically shifted absorption curves. A better understanding of the molecules' electronic structure was gained through density-functional theory calculations, which unveiled small HOMO–LUMO gaps.

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Coverage- and temperature-induced self-metalation of tetraphenyltransdibenzoporphyrin on Cu(111)

December 2024

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12 Reads

We have investigated the adsorption and self-metalation of free-base tetraphenyltransdibenzoporphyrin (2H-TPtdBP) on Cu(111) as a function of coverage and temperature using scanning tunneling microscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, temperature programmed desorption, and density-functional theory calculations. At low coverages (<0.16 molecules nm⁻²), we observe isolated individual molecules with an inverted conformation and no self-metalation up to 363 K. At higher coverages, both the formation of ordered islands and self-metalation are observed over time already at room temperature, and accelerate upon heating to 363 K. At 423 K, complete self-metalation occurs for all coverages up to the completed first layer. By comparing our results for 2H-TPtdBP to the existing literature on other tetraphenyl-based porphyrins, we demonstrate how adsorption and self-metalation can be tailored by the choice of substituents.



Asymmetrically Fused Nanographene‐Porphyrin Architectures

December 2024

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17 Reads

A strategy to combine three standalone aromatic building blocks in one coherent, fully conjugated molecule is presented. Namely, benzene, pyrene, and hexa‐peri‐hexabenzocoronene (HBC) are assembled around a central porphyrin core in an ABAC type of geometry and interconnected under oxidative Scholl conditions to achieve merging of the individual π‐systems. The three asymmetric porphyrin conjugates obtained this way exhibit intriguing absorption features, namely strongly red‐shifted and broadened spectra. The presented series of molecules demonstrates the ability to control and influence these optical properties with high precision by altering the size of the aromatic system in a controlled manner. Density functional theory calculations gave more profound insights into the electronic structure and optical transitions of the investigated fused architectures.


Manifold‐Fused Porphyrin‐Nanographene Conjugates

November 2024

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26 Reads

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1 Citation

A library of novel π‐extended porphyrin‐hexabenzocoronene (HBC) architectures is presented. Two distinct synthetic pathways were utilized to obtain either phenyl‐ or HBC‐fused compounds. Absorption experiments reveal the species’ exciting photophysical and optoelectronic properties. Depending on the degree of π‐extension, the number of porphyrins, and their relative position, a decisive change in shape, panchromatic broadening, and red‐shifting of the absorption curves is observed. Theoretical studies give more profound insight into the molecule's electronic structures, showing vast decreases in HOMO‐LUMO energy gaps.



Fused Hexabenzocoronene‐Porphyrin Conjugates with Tailorable Excited‐State Lifetimes

October 2024

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148 Reads

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2 Citations

A new clear‐cut strategy for fusing N‐heterocyclic and carbon‐pure systems is introduced en route to a versatile platform of multi‐purpose tetrapyrrolic chromophores. In particular, three novel C−C bond‐fused porphyrin‐hexabenzocoronene (HBC) conjugates were synthesized under oxidative cyclodehydrogenation conditions, starting from tailor‐made nickel porphyrin precursors. The fusion of the individual aromatic systems via 5‐membered rings led to highly soluble π‐extended porphyrins in excellent yields. The resulting porphyrin‐HBC conjugates exhibit absorption cross‐sections that are of interdisciplinary interest in the ever‐growing field of organic photovoltaics and near‐infrared (NIR) dyes. Quantum chemical calculations show that the newly formed 5‐membered rings induce biradicaloid character in the porphyrin core, which has a strong impact on excited state lifetimes. This is confirmed by a thorough optoelectronic and time‐resolved characterization in order to understand these unique features better. Broadened absorption characteristics go hand‐in‐hand with short‐lived excited states with up to six orders of magnitude faster decay rates.



Fused Hexabenzocoronene‐Porphyrin Conjugates with Tailorable Excited‐State Lifetimes

August 2024

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46 Reads

Angewandte Chemie

A new clear‐cut strategy for fusing N‐heterocyclic and carbon‐pure systems is introduced en route to a versatile platform of multi‐purpose tetrapyrrolic chromophores. In particular, three novel C–C bond‐fused porphyrin‐hexabenzocoronene (HBC) conjugates were synthesized under oxidative cyclodehydrogenation conditions, starting from tailor‐made nickel porphyrin precursors. The fusion of the individual aromatic systems via 5‐membered rings led to highly soluble π‐extended porphyrins in excellent yields. The resulting porphyrin‐HBC conjugates exhibit absorption cross‐sections that are of interdisciplinary interest in the ever‐growing field of organic photovoltaics and near‐infrared (NIR) dyes. Quantum chemical calculations show that the newly formed 5‐membered rings induce biradicaloid character in the porphyrin core, which has a strong impact on excited state lifetimes. This is confirmed by a thorough optoelectronic and time‐resolved characterization in order to understand these unique features better. Broadened absorption characteristics go hand‐in‐hand with short‐lived excited states with up to six orders of magnitude faster decay rates.


Citations (52)


... Distinguishing features in atomically resolved experiments, such as scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), differ from classifying objects commonly found in publicly available datasets like CIFAR and ImageNet 52,53 . Previous DL networks have been designed and implemented for precise and accurate image analysis of molecular [54][55][56] and atomically resolved data [57][58][59][60][61][62][63] , but typically require high-quality data for precise model predictions. In this work, a network was utilized for image segmentation of nearly identical objects, namely atoms, while also quantifying prediction uncertainty to adapt to images originating from different experimental or simulation setups. ...

Reference:

Exploring electron-beam induced modifications of materials with machine-learning assisted high temporal resolution electron microscopy
Time-resolved imaging and analysis of the electron beam-induced formation of an open-cage metallo-azafullerene

Nature Chemistry

... Third, their on-surface adsorption pattern is highly tunable-from single molecules to 2D networks-only by altering their chemical side groups [15]. This goes along with their structural and conformational flexibility, which enables the emergence of a wide variety of on-surface supramolecular structures [16][17][18][19][20]. The functionalization of the periphery of the parent macrocycle with various chemical groups (e.g. ...

Structure and Conformation of Individual Molecules upon Adsorption of a Mixture of Benzoporphyrins on Ag(111), Cu(111), and Cu(110) Surfaces

... 33 Interestingly, these supramolecular complexes not only have enhanced binding constants with fullerenes than their previous counterparts, but they can also showcase photoinduced electron transfer processes between the fullerene and the nanographene units. 34 In this work, we report on the molecular complexation of C 60 and C 70 with a molecular nanographene tweezer (CNG-1) as a suitable host previously obtained by a six-step synthetic process. Furthermore, theoretical calculations using the DFT BLYP exchange−correlation functional, along with the empirical D3(BJ) dispersion correction and def2-SVP basis set, nicely underpin the experimental values, matching the difference in interaction energy with binding constant values. ...

Towards understanding the competition of electron and energy transfer in “molecular” nanographenes on the example of hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene
  • Citing Article
  • June 2023

Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology C Photochemistry Reviews

... Recently, a tetramer has been synthesized through coordinating pyridyl pentacene-based ligands to Ru(II), and, in this case, the presence of the heavy atom gives rise to ultrafast ISC following photoexcitation rather than SF. 44 Therefore, the influence of HAE on triplet decorrelation in SF remains unpredictable. ...

Photophysical characterization of a ruthenium-based tetrameric pentacene complex
  • Citing Article
  • March 2023

Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines

... [12,15] Several viable strategies were published in the literature for obtaining fragments of the "graphyrin" structure varying vastly in size, shape, and properties. [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] Notably, in 2020, Lungerich, Jux, Drewello, and co-workers reported on bowl-shaped porphyrin-graphene hybrid fragments formed from fluorinated tetraaryltetrabenzoporphyrins in the gas phase through collision-induced dissociation. [27] A solution-processed example of a triply-fused porphyrin-nanographene system was presented by Narita, Müllen, and co-workers in 2018, connecting a tailormade aromatic building block with the porphyrin through manifold oxidative six-ring formation. ...

Probing Charge Management across the π-Systems of Nanographenes in Regioisomeric Electron Donor–Acceptor Architectures
  • Citing Article
  • May 2022

Journal of the American Chemical Society

... Third, their on-surface adsorption pattern is highly tunable-from single molecules to 2D networks-only by altering their chemical side groups [15]. This goes along with their structural and conformational flexibility, which enables the emergence of a wide variety of on-surface supramolecular structures [16][17][18][19][20]. The functionalization of the periphery of the parent macrocycle with various chemical groups (e.g. ...

Adsorption and self-assembly of a mono-cyano Zn-tetraphenylporphyrin derivative on KBr(001) and MgO(001)
  • Citing Article
  • April 2022

Surface Science

... Third, their on-surface adsorption pattern is highly tunable-from single molecules to 2D networks-only by altering their chemical side groups [15]. This goes along with their structural and conformational flexibility, which enables the emergence of a wide variety of on-surface supramolecular structures [16][17][18][19][20]. The functionalization of the periphery of the parent macrocycle with various chemical groups (e.g. ...

On the adsorption of different tetranaphthylporphyrins on Cu(111) and Ag(111)
  • Citing Article
  • February 2022

Surface Science

... Such functionalization may be by the Fields-Craft reaction. As a result of this reaction, precursors can be obtained that can play an essential role in nanographene synthesis [24]. ...

Acylation of Hexaphenylbenzene for the Synthesis of [5]Cumulenes

... This leads to the result that when measuring the concentration of BHA in the residual liquid, a part of BHA exists in the solution in the form of Al-BHA complex instead of complex reaction with Fe 3+ to develop color. Therefore, there is an abnormal decrease in the adsorption of BHA in the range of pH 3 to 4. And this also revealed the possible reason for the drop of rutile flotation recovery at pH 3 and 4 in the flotation results, because BHA-was shown to be the main group interacting with BHA and rutile sites (Zhang et al., 2021;Köbl et al., 2022). ...

Benzohydroxamic Acid on Rutile TiO2(110)-(1×1)– A Comparison of Ultrahigh-Vacuum Evaporation with Deposition from Solution
  • Citing Article
  • September 2021

Surface Science

... 38 Domino processes avoid intermediate isolation and purification steps and are timesaving, waste-reducing, and atom-efficient and can be considered as a green method superior to stepwise synthetic approaches. [38][39][40] Although recently, we reported access to new aniline derivatives using different domino reactions and one-pot processes ( Fig. 1g-h), 3,[41][42][43] to the best of our knowledge, a domino approach has never been used before to form an aromatic ring, and to install both amine and fluorine groups in a single operation and starting from readily available acyclic compounds. Herein, we report for the first time the straightforward synthesis of synthetically challenging functionalized ortho-fluoroanilines via a metal-free four-step domino reaction starting from readily available acyclic fluoronitrostyrenes and α,α-dicyanoolefine precursors (Fig. 1i). ...

Four‐Step Domino Reaction Enables Fully Controlled Non‐Statistical Synthesis of Hexaarylbenzene with Six Different Aryl Groups
  • Citing Article
  • September 2021

Angewandte Chemie