Nisha Charkoudian’s research while affiliated with U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine and other places

... The regulation of thermogenesis is closely tied to entropic heat production, allowing for proper dissipation of heat generated by metabolism. Regulation occurs above or below an organism's thermoneutral zones to maintain a consistent core body temperature [52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59] ; cf., (Figures 5 and 6). In this regard, the downregulation of adipose tissue genes associated with thermogenic regulation is a potential mechanism that can contribute to developing adiposity with increasing global temperatures. ...

Reference:

Global warming and obesity: External heat exposure as a modulator of energy balance

... Taken together, the available data suggests that exogenous ketone supplementation could prove beneficial for augmenting high-altitude tolerance and/or exercise performance and thereby complement the strategies proposed by Salgado et al. (1). Nonetheless, future work is warranted to identify the optimal ketone supplementation strategies (e.g., dose and timing) and targeted applications (e.g., exercise, rest, and/or sleep) to develop effective individualized and targeted approaches. ...

Reference:

Ketone Supplementation: Novel Strategy for Augmenting Altitude Exercise Performance?

... During military or industrial activities (most of which involve weight-bearing exercise), heat is generated based on body mass (muscle mass) and dissipated based on surface area. In these circumstances, a larger ratio will be beneficial for heat dissipation in most environmental conditions (Akavian et al., 2025;Taylor et al., 2024). Importantly, this is not the case in so-called "uncompensable" environments, where environmental temperature is higher than body temperature and humidity is so high that sweat cannot evaporate from the skin. ...

Reference:

Exertional heat illness: international military-oriented lessons learned and best practices for prevention and management

... [3][4][5] Motivation to perform in excess of an individual's physical work capacity has long been known to increase the risk of heat illness, but identification of effective strategies to mitigate behavioral risk factors such as motivation can be challenging. 6,7 The Wilderness Medical Society recently published an update to its clinical practice guideline, whereas the Army Heat Center and the Uniformed Services University Consortium for Health and Military Performance recently published a joint service clinical practice guideline. 8,9 Both documents detail prevention and treatment of heat illness and place heavy emphasis on acclimatization and proper fluid-replacement strategies. ...

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Far from Home: Heat-Illness Prevention and Treatment in Austere Environments

... These models can predict various parameters (e.g., survival time, skin temperatures, core temperatures) and are important tools in multiple fields of study including search and rescue, medicine, public health, and physiology. The wellvalidated six-cylinder thermoregulatory model (SCTM) is one such model (11)(12)(13)(14)(15). It is a rational model based on the first principles of heat transfer and physiological control mechanisms. ...

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Validation of livability environmental limits to heat and humidity

... During military or industrial activities (most of which involve weight-bearing exercise), heat is generated based on body mass (muscle mass) and dissipated based on surface area. In these circumstances, a larger ratio will be beneficial for heat dissipation in most environmental conditions (Akavian et al., 2025;Taylor et al., 2024). Importantly, this is not the case in so-called "uncompensable" environments, where environmental temperature is higher than body temperature and humidity is so high that sweat cannot evaporate from the skin. ...

Reference:

Exertional heat illness: international military-oriented lessons learned and best practices for prevention and management

... Many clinical guidelines still inadequately or superficially address sex-and gender-sensitive considerations. 17 A critical factor contributing to this issue is the continued underrepresentation of women in clinical trials. This is particularly problematic given growing evidence demonstrating substantial differences between males and females in drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination, primarily due to physiological and hormonal variations. ...

Reference:

Integrating gender medicine into modern healthcare: Progress and barriers

... These metrics, especially during physical effort, provide objective data on heat strain, enabling the use of indices such as the PSI 7 . PSI, originally developed for laboratory use, can be further modified for continuous monitoring in the field and to account for differences across populations 26,27 . In addition, by integrating ACT data (Fig. 8), the physiological and activity strain index (PASI) can account for both environmental heat and physical exertion 28 . ...

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Acceptability and feasibility of research grade wearables for monitoring heat stress in Kenyan farmers

... The exact mechanism behind this pattern is unclear and cannot be fully explained by this study. However, previous research suggests that chronically elevated sympathetic activity and reduced βadrenergic mediated vasodilation in OF participants could increase sympathetic tone and arterial stiffening, contributing to elevated BP (Adams et al., 2023;Charkoudian et al., 2006;D'Souza et al., 2022;Hart et al., 2011). In addition, it has been suggested that the threshold of the baroreflex is shifted in older populations, and there might be alterations in the central processing that lead to exaggerated BP responses (D'Souza et al., 2022). ...

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Differential effects of female aging on sympathetic blood pressure regulation at rest and during stress in humans

... Ensuring that military personnel are physically and mentally prepared to operate in these environments is essential to maintaining operational effectiveness. Many military personnel have experience managing heat-stress conditions during missions, and they will need to do so more frequently in future operational environments shaped by climate change, with temperatures in some cases surpassing anything they've encountered before (Parsons et al., 2019;Moran et al., 2023). This experience and scientific insight have improved understanding of how to help soldiers tolerate heat, through hydration and gradual activity increase over five to ten days (heat acclimatization). ...

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Climate Change and Terrorism NATO COE-DAT Research Project Centre of Excellence Defence Against Terrorism