Nicos Nicolaou's research while affiliated with The University of Warwick and other places
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Publications (45)
Tertius iungens brokering that brings together people who might not otherwise meet is crucial for organizational effectiveness. But we know little about whether and why women and men differ in their propensity to engage in this brokering. Our paper focuses on the origins and mitigation of gender differences in the propensity to bring people togethe...
Facial appearance has been associated with leader selection in domains where effective leadership is considered crucial, such as politics, business and the military. Few studies, however, have so far explored associations between facial appearance and entrepreneurship, despite the growing expectation that societies project on entrepreneurs for prov...
Sentiment analysis is an evolving field of study that employs artificial intelligence techniques to identify the emotions and opinions expressed in a given text. Applying sentiment analysis to study the billions of messages that circulate in popular online social media platforms has raised numerous opportunities for exploring the emotional expressi...
The past decade has experienced a significant increase in the number of papers on the biology of entrepreneurship. This trend is aligned with the general interest in the biology of management studies as evidenced by the more than 300 articles already published (Nofal et al., 2018). It illustrates the progression of science along two dimensions. Fir...
Although prior research has shown that risk-taking preferences and choices are correlated across many domains, there is a dearth of research investigating whether these correlations are primarily the result of genetic or environmental factors. We examine the extent to which common genetic factors account for the association between general risk-tak...
Does genetic distance between countries explain differences in the level of entrepreneurship between them? Genetic distance, or very long-term divergence in intergenerationally transmitted traits across populations, has been recently tied to a variety of outcomes ranging from differences in economic development to differences in risk preferences be...
We critically examine the potential that neuroscience holds for the future of entrepreneurship research and provide a framework for entrepreneurship researchers interested in pursuing this line of inquiry. Specifically, we propose four complementary mechanisms through which neuroscience can inform entrepreneurship theory and research. We conclude w...
We view ambidexterity as a paradox whereby its components, exploration and exploitation, generate persistent and conflicting demands on an organization. Drawing on the attention based view of the firm (ABV), we examine three antecedents of organizational ambidexterity that reflect ABV's three principles − the principle of focus of attention; the pr...
In this article, we conduct a systematic review of the emerging literature on the biological perspective in management and investigate research spanning the areas of genetics, physiology, and neuroscience. We examine 291 papers published in 133 journals over an 85-year period as well as 10 conference/working papers and six books. On the basis of th...
Since the end of the shakeout following the bursting of the dot com bubble, we have seen substantial innovation in the institutions and organizational arrangements used to finance early-stage high growth technology companies. This paper will document the emergence of business accelerators, angel groups, micro venture capital funds and online equity...
Research Summary: We examine the performance effects of resource orchestration in start‐ups by investigating three key contingencies of resource orchestration: human capital (HC) investment relative to rivals, leveraging strategy, and founder start‐up experience. We find that deviating from rivals' resource investments (either above or below the in...
This chapter discusses the role that biology plays in entrepreneurship. It examines how genetics, hormones, physiology, and neuroscience may affect entrepreneurial phenotypes. Entrepreneurship researchers have investigated the influence of genetic factors in entrepreneurship. There are two main approaches that examine the influence of genetics on e...
Does testosterone increase the tendency to engage in self-employment? The results presented to date have been mixed. Using three different studies, we provide additional evidence on the relationship between testosterone and self-employment. Drawing on a cross section of 2,146 individuals (1,178 males and 968 females) from the National Health and Nu...
Despite the recent increase in academic entrepreneurship research, we still know relatively little about the degree of involvement of academic inventors in university spinouts. In this study, we distinguish between academic inventors who leave the university after the creation of a spinout (academic exodus) and those who maintain their university a...
Extant literature has drawn attention to the ‘halo effect' of the good reputation of a core organizational activity on the outcome of a peripheral activity. We contribute to the literature on organizational reputation by illustrating a halo effect in the opposite direction – from the periphery to the core. We show that developing a reputation for a...
During the past fifty years, academics have tried to understand the factors that influence the tendency of people to engage in entrepreneurial activity. Recently, researchers have examined whether there is a genetic predisposition to entrepreneurship. By dint of our genetic makeup, are some of us more likely than others to come up with new business...
We explored the effect of having a creative personality on the identification of business opportunities and the tendency to start businesses. Examining a sample of 3242 twins from the United Kingdom, which we surveyed in 2011, we confirmed that people with creative personalities are more likely than others to identify business opportunities and sta...
Neuroscience research is a welcome and overdue addition to the field of entrepreneurship. We hope that Martin de Holan's article and the ensuing debate in this issue of the Journal of Management Inquiry will help spur further scholarship in this area.
Behavioral genetics techniques were applied to a sample of self-employed monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins from the USA to examine whether genetic factors influence entrepreneurial performance. The study found that genetics affects the amount of income earned by self-employed people. In addition, the study found that common genes influenced...
Despite the widely acknowledged role of start-ups in economic development, little is known about their innovative activities compared with those of established firms. Drawing on a sample of 12,209 UK firms, we differentiate between services and manufacturing firms and, using a matching estimator approach, demonstrate that start-ups differ significa...
We examined the interactions between four genes associated with dyslexia (ROBO1, KIAA0319, DCDC2, DYX1C1) and education on the tendency to become an entrepreneur. We used a two-staged design consisting of a discovery sample of 692 individuals, and a replication sample of 797 participants from the TwinsUK cohort. Associations were identified between...
To identify specific genetic variants influencing the phenotype of entrepreneurship, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) with 3,933 Caucasian females from the TwinsUK Adult Twin Registry. Following stringent genotype quality control, GWAF (genome-wide association analyses for family data) software was used to assess the association...
This study examines how venture capital (VC) feedback affects start-ups through a three-year qualitative study of university spin-offs. We present a taxonomy of VC feedback into (i) inconsistent, (ii) consistent and workable, and (iii) consistent and unworkable feedback. We find that when start-ups fail to raise VC, inconsistent VC feedback leads t...
The tendency to be an entrepreneur may be influenced by genetic variation. Sensation seeking is more common among entrepreneurs
than among the general population. Twin studies show that the tendency to be an entrepreneur is heritable and that common
genes influence both sensation seeking and entrepreneurial tendency (Nicolaou et al. Manag Sci 54:16...
We applied multivariate genetics techniques to a sample of 3,412 monozygotic and dizygotic twins from the United Kingdom and 1,300 monozygotic and dizygotic twins from the United States to examine whether genetic factors account for part of the covariance between the Big Five personality characteristics and the tendency to be an entrepreneur. We fo...
We applied quantitative genetics techniques to a sample of 347 pairs of monozygotic and 303 pairs of dizygotic twins taken from the MIDUS database to examine the influence of genetic factors on the variation across people in the tendency to be self-employed and to choose other occupations. We found that a heritability hypothesis is supported for th...
Recognizing opportunities for new businesses is an important part of the entrepreneurial process, one that researchers seek to explain and human resource managers seek to encourage. In this study, we examined whether the same genetic factors that affect openness to experience also influence recognizing opportunities. We applied bivariate genetics t...
We applied quantitative genetics techniques to a sample of 851 pairs of monozygotic and 855 pairs of dizygotic female twins to examine the influence of genetic factors on the variation across people in opportunity recognition. We also examined the extent to which the same genetic factors contribute to both opportunity recognition and the tendency t...
This article offers an argument for how genetic factors may influence the tendency of people to engage in entrepreneurial activity, and describes four mechanisms through which genetic factors could operate. It also explores ways that researchers can use quantitative and molecular genetics to examine entrepreneurship, and discusses the potential imp...
This study builds theory on how the failure to raise venture capital affects the development of new firms. Our context is a unique type of new firms, university spinouts, which are formed to commercialize intellectual property developed within universities (Shane, 2004). Although university spinouts have provided a strong source of deal flow for ve...
The article presents the results of a study which investigated the effect of corporate age on innovation. While start-ups are often regarded as intrinsically innovative, the advantages which established firms possess can be used to generate innovations as well. The study attempted to establish a method for making direct comparisons between firms us...
This study examined the infl uence of genetic factors on the tendency to engage in entrepre-neurship. We found that, in the particular sample we examined, between 37 and 42 percent of the variance in the tendency of people to engage in entrepreneurship is accounted for by genetic factors. A substantial part of this variance was mediated by the psyc...
We used quantitative genetics techniques to compare the entrepreneurial activity of 870 pairs of monozygotic (MZ) and 857 pairs of same-sex dizygotic (DZ) twins from the United Kingdom. We ran model-fitting analyses to estimate the genetic, shared environmental and nonshared environmental effects on the propensity of people to become entrepreneurs....
This paper aims to ascertain the influence of social networks in the university spinout phenomenon. With respect to the instrumental role of social networks, it adopts a content contingency perspective pertaining to the role of closure and structural holes, and examines the interaction between relational and structural embeddedness in the academics...
The paper adopts a network perspective in an attempt to understand the underlying mechanisms generating the different university spinout structures. In this respect, we propose a trichotomous categorisation of university spinouts into orthodox, hybrid and technology spinouts and argue that the academic's embeddedness in a network of exoinstitutiona...
Acknowledgements: We would like to thank Linda Argote, Sue Birley, Yiannis Gabriel, Laura Koumas, Jim Rebitzer and Violina Rindova for helpful comments on an earlier draft of this paper.
Citations
... In addition, research finds that neuroticism trait influence career success negatively (Martin et al., 2016). However, this negative influence may be neutralized where the organization avoids adversity and has security-assuring values (Nicolaou et al., 2021). Sinha and Srivastava (2013) also observed that entrepreneur with neuroticism trait is drawn to firms with low risk-taking values. ...
... For example, Heinrich and Shachat [18], Andersson et al. [40], Galliera and Rutström [41], and Liu and Treich [42] used a lottery to measure risk preference. Weber et al. [43], Beauchamp et al. [44], and Nicolaou and Shane [45] used their respondents' attitudes towards risky options as their risk aversion index. Mentzakis and Sadeh [19] used gambling to measure risk aversion. ...
... Mental models/belief systems are theoretical, not directly observable phenomena, usually inferred from people's existing or, as here, specifically induced communications (Evans, 1998;Ifenthaler et al., 2011;Rouse and Morris, 1986). It might be added that neuroscientific methods (Nicolaou et al., 2019) can reveal brain activities, e.g. causal thinking engaging the lateral prefrontal cortex (Khemlani et al., 2014), but not what someone knows or thinks about something. ...
... Gene mutation occurs at t nucleotide level is known as single nucleotide polymorphism. It occurs due to the in amino acid sequences, which affect the transcription, intrinsic termination, an dependent termination, this also results in altered enzyme activity [7]. ...
... Interestingly, a growing body of research draws increased attention to the influence of dynamic factors, like the influence of dayto-day variations in moods and emotions on entrepreneurs' efforts (e.g., Baron, 2008;Delgado García et al., 2015;Foo et al., 2009). Moreover, a prominent interest is emerging for examining the impact of biological factors for entrepreneurship (Nicolaou et al., 2018a;Nicolaou et al., 2018b;Nofal et al., 2018;Shepherd and Patzelt, 2015;Wiklund et al., 2017). Combining both impetuses, a few scholars have begun investigating the physiological dynamics underpinning entrepreneurs' capabilities. ...
... Thus, we extend the work on innovation ambidexterity by paying attention to balancing, combining, and identifing how blending the balance and combination can promote ambidexterity. Our findings not only add to the evidence that ambidexterity can be viewed as a blend of balanced innovation ambidexterity and combined innovation ambidexterity, but also answer recent calls for a better understanding of the antecedents associated with the balanced and combined approaches to manage ambidexterity [67]. ...
... SMEs build success on reputation and adopt a risk-taking way to succeed, whereas larger enterprises mainly involve in knowledge exploitation practices [29]. Knowledge exploration seems to be a prevalent behavior of SMEs, owing scarce resources to explore new ideas and innovation to adopt a creative approach to survive and grow [30]. ...
... In addition, venture competitions are not the only setting where early-stage ventures are evaluated. Other institutions provide support to early-stage ventures (Shane & Nicolaou, 2018), and they differ from venture competitions in terms of evaluators' incentives, interaction with entrepreneurs, and decision-making protocols. Summing up, while we study an important context, we acknowledge that its generalizability may be limited. ...
... One way to maintain the existence of a startup is to provide mentors and assistance during the creation and initial steps of establishing a start-up [8]. In addition, to survive in the start-up industry the most needed is to focus on strategy and innovation [9]. Brand awareness is also one of the important points in showing the existence of a start-up [10]. ...
... Despite acknowledging the role of variations in brain structure or function (Mitchell et al., 2007), entrepreneurial cognition research has generally overlooked recent scholarly efforts to better understand how biological differences, in general (Bönte et al., 2016), and neurobiological differences, in particular (Becker et al., 2011;Nicolaou & Shane, 2014;, relate to entrepreneurial thinking and decision making (McMullen et al., 2014;Nofal et al., 2017). Our study contributes to entrepreneurial cognition research by empirically examining focal entrepreneurial cognition patterns in individuals with ADHD who have launched an entrepreneurial venture; cognition patterns that we expect to vary between entrepreneurs with and without ADHD. ...