Nicolas Montavont’s research while affiliated with IMT Atlantique and other places

Security in the communications in the Internet of Things (IoT) is an essential task due to the characteristics of IoT deployments that go beyond the traditional Internet, having to consider it from the beginning, not as an afterthought. In this chapter, we introduce the basic concepts related to securing the communications such as authentication, authorization and key management and their relation to the term bootstrapping. We see how through bootstrapping we can set the basis for securing the communications in IoT. We review works such as ZigBee IP and the Open Mobile Alliance (OMA) focusing on how they deal with security, and then we introduce the current work done by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) standardization organization. Finally, we provide a framework to secure the communications for IoT through bootstrapping and key management, and to provide authorization to an IoT deployment.

The Internet of Things (IoT) technology is growing rapidly, while the IoT devices are being deployed massively. However, interoperability with information systems remains a major challenge for this accelerated device deployment. Furthermore, most of the time, IoT information is presented as Time Series (TS), and while the majority of the studies in the literature focus on the prediction, compression, or processing of TS, no standardized representation format has emerged. Moreover, apart from interoperability, IoT networks contain multiple constrained devices which are designed with limitations, e.g., processing power, memory, or battery life. Therefore, in order to reduce the interoperability challenges and increase the lifetime of IoT devices, this article introduces a new format for TS based on CBOR. The format exploits the compactness of CBOR by leveraging delta values to represent measurements, employing tags to represent variables, and utilizing templates to convert the TS data representation into the appropriate format for the cloud-based application. Moreover, we introduce a new refined and structured metadata to represent additional information for the measurements, then we provide a Concise Data Definition Language (CDDL) code to validate the CBOR structures against our proposal, and finally, we present a detailed performance evaluation to validate the adaptability and the extensibility of our approach. Our performance evaluation results show that the actual data sent by IoT devices can be reduced by between 88% and 94% compared to JavaScript Object Notation (JSON), between 82% and 91% compared to Concise Binary Object Representation (CBOR) and ASN.1, and between 60% and 88% compared to Protocol buffers. At the same time, it can reduce Time-on-Air by between 84% and 94% when a Low PowerWide Area Networks (LPWAN) technology such as LoRaWAN is employed, leading to a 12-fold increase in battery life compared to CBOR format or between a 9-fold and 16-fold increase when compared to Protocol buffers and ASN.1, respectively. In addition, the proposed metadata represent an additional 0.5% of the overall data transmitted in cases where networks such as LPWAN or Wi-Fi are employed. Finally, the proposed template and data format provide a compact representation of TS that can significantly reduce the amount of data transmitted containing the same information, extend the battery life of IoT devices, and improve their lifetime. Moreover, the results show that the proposed approach is effective for different data types and it can be integrated seamlessly into existing IoT systems.

This chapter focuses on the contributions of biometrics and artificial intelligence in optimizing the security of some Internet of Things (IoT) applications. It introduces the principles of authentication based on biometrics. The chapter presents multifactor authentication techniques based on biometrics, especially for the IoT. It then details authentication techniques based on biometrics and machine learning such as, neural networks, support‐vector machines, k‐nearest neighbors, and decision tree. Security in the IoT happens mainly by protecting connected objects by ensuring mechanisms such as authentication, access control and detection of malware. Biometric authentication is a technique that calls on the statistical analysis of biological characteristics. In the main, there are two types of biometric techniques that are used for identification applications, physiological techniques and behavioral techniques. Today, security protocols based on biometrics are much used to ensure authentication or verification of identity in environments that demand a fairly high level of security such as e‐health.

The Battery Management System of an Electric Vehicle is a system designed to ensure safe operation of the battery pack, and report its state to other systems. It is a distributed system, and the communication between its sub-modules is performed through wired buses. In this article, we study the opportunity to use a wireless technology named IEEE Std 802.15.4 Time Slotted Channel Hopping, a standardized protocol for low power and lossy networks. We first describe the real-world experiments we did to measure the link quality, at Medium Access Control layer, for wireless nodes placed inside an EV battery pack. Then, we propose two topology management and scheduling strategies using techniques named Linear Programming and Simple Descent, based on the results obtained in the experiments. Their goal is to achieve efficient data transfer while complying to the battery management constraints.

L’Internet des objets (en anglais Internet of Things, IoT), aujourd’hui omniprésent, a grandement contribué à l’accroissement du trafic des données sur Internet. Les technologies d’accès IoT et les contraintes des objets peuvent causer des problèmes de performances et de sécurité. Cela démontre l’importance des défis liés à cet environnement comme le contrôle des communications radio et de l’accès au réseau, la gestion de la qualité de service et de la consommation énergétique ou l’implémentation de mécanismes de sécurité dédiés à l’IoT.En réponse à ces problématiques, cet ouvrage présente de nouvelles solutions pour la gestion et le contrôle des performances et de la sécurité dans l’IoT. L’originalité de ces propositions réside principalement dans l’utilisation de techniques intelligentes. Cette notion d’intelligence permet, entre autres, de supporter l’hétérogénéité des objets, leurs capacités limitées et la grande dynamique caractérisant l’IoT.

L’Internet des objets (en anglais Internet of Things, IoT), aujourd’hui omniprésent, a grandement contribué à l’accroissement du trafic des données sur Internet. Les technologies d’accès IoT et les contraintes des objets peuvent causer des problèmes de performances et de sécurité. Cela démontre l’importance des défis liés à cet environnement comme le contrôle des communications radio et de l’accès au réseau, la gestion de la qualité de service et de la consommation énergétique ou l’implémentation de mécanismes de sécurité dédiés à l’IoT.En réponse à ces problématiques, cet ouvrage présente de nouvelles solutions pour la gestion et le contrôle des performances et de la sécurité dans l’IoT. L’originalité de ces propositions réside principalement dans l’utilisation de techniques intelligentes. Cette notion d’intelligence permet, entre autres, de supporter l’hétérogénéité des objets, leurs capacités limitées et la grande dynamique caractérisant l’IoT.