Nicola Fuchs-Schündeln’s research while affiliated with Goethe University Frankfurt and other places

... Eine Ostdeutsche oder ein Ostdeutscher ist demnach eine in der DDR geborene und dort bzw. in den neuen Bundesländern aufgewachsene Person. Da bedeutsame Unterschiede, beispielsweise in Bezug auf Präferenzunterschiede und Erwartungshaltungen an den Staat auch in Generationen gefunden wurden, die im wiedervereinigten Deutschland geboren und aufgewachsen sind (Bondar & Fuchs-Schündeln, 2023), werden nachfolgend denKategorien"westdeutsch" bzw. "westdeutsch sozialisiert" einerseits und "ostdeutsch" bzw. ...

Reference:

33 Jahre danach: Ostdeutsche in Führungspositionen des gesamtdeutschen Sports33 years later: east Germans in leadership positions in German sports

... Compared to wealthier school districts, districts serving larger proportions of non-white students in cities and areas with higher poverty were more likely to begin the 2020-21 school year with remote instruction (Hartney and Finger, 2020;Marshall and Bradley-Dorsey, 2020;Schweig et al., 2022). Private schools, which students from higher socioeconomic backgrounds mostly attend, were closed for significantly fewer days than public schools (Fuchs-Schündeln et al., 2021). Similarly, secondary schools were also more severely affected by disruptions than elementary schools. ...

Reference:

Socioeconomic inequalities in opportunities and participation in in-person learning during the Covid-19 pandemic *

... The presence of fixed costs has also become standard in quantitative models, (see, for example, Attanasio et al., 2018Attanasio et al., , 2005Attanasio et al., , 2008Guner et al., 2012). Bick et al. (2022) show how differences in fixed costs explain differences in employment rates across countries. Note that even though we do not have an hours margin in our model, the horizon of the model will be one month and thus over an annual horizon households will have a non-trivial choice of hours. ...

Reference:

Household Job Search: From the 1980s to the 2000s and beyond

... Furthermore, school closures had adverse consequences for families. First, the loss of schooling implies a substantial drop in lifetime earnings for affected children Fuchs-Schündeln, 2022). Second, over a fifth of US parents reported losing a job or income due to a lack of child care (Muñoz-Rivera et al., 2021). ...

Reference:

Spending Effects of Fiscal Transfers in a Pandemic

... 13 In our cost function, we account for the improving quality of remote learning over time by assuming that the amount of learning loss incurred by one week of school closure equates to one school-week initially and decreases linearly to 0 as a function of the cumulative number of past weeks spent under school closure, such that 0.35 school-years is the maximal 10 Hanushek & Woessmann [5] also estimate that a student missing 0.33 years of school leads to a loss in lifetime individual income of 3.0% in the US and 2.6% pooled globally. Fuchs-Schündeln et al. [126] find average losses of 2.1% in lifetime earnings and 1.2% in permanent consumption of children affected by COVID-19 school closure. Considering that Betthäuser et al. [2] report a learning deficit of 0.35 schoolyears accrued during COVID, the estimates of Hanushek & Woessmann [5] and Fuchs-Schündeln et al. [126] are quite similar. ...

Reference:

US COVID-19 school closure was not cost-effective, but other measures were

... "Below" identifies the estimate for schools that are below the median on fraction of high-needs students where fraction high need is based on fraction of students either FRPL, EL or with disabilities, and "Above" identifies estimates for schools that are above the median. † Ref. 28 indirectly gets at student take-up by using cell phone data to determine the extent of actual in-person school attendance, but it cannot separate in-person offering from actual student take-up. ‡ While students who comply with in-person offerings may differ from those students who remain remote, we document minimal bias of estimates from selection on observables by showing that these within-school estimates are very stable as student-level controls are added. ...

Reference:

In-person learning during the pandemic: Student take-up and school-level effects of remote and hybrid instruction on student outcomes

... Over the past decades, evidence has begun to accumulate suggesting that the trade-off between female employment and childbearing, too, has weakened and, to some extent, reversed in many countries (Doepke et al. 2023). This tendency can essentially be attributed to five causes: (a) increasingly effective family policies (for a survey, see Olivetti & Petrongolo 2017), in particular in the areas of public childcare (Bauernschuster et al. 2016, d'Albis et al. 2017, family leave (Lalive & Zweimüller 2009, Raute 2019, taxation (Bick & Fuchs-Schündeln 2018), and benefit schemes (Riphahn & Wiynck 2017, González & Trommlerová 2023; (b) technological enhancements that relax the trade-off among childbearing, child-rearing, and employment, including improved birth control (oral contraceptives, abortions) (Goldin & Katz 2002, Ananat et al. 2009) and reproductive health (Albanesi & Olivetti 2016) that have helped to reconcile planned parenthood and career from the middle of the twentieth century, methods of fertility treatment (Sommer 2016, de la Croix & Pommeret 2021) that help to delay parenthood and thereby mitigate the child penalty, and technological progress in respect to household production (Greenwood et al. 2005); (c) fathers assuming a stronger role in childcare, which, through a more balanced time allocation within the household, relaxes the trade-off in employment at the household level (e.g., Feyrer et al. 2008, de Laat & Sevilla-Sanz 2011, Fanelli & Profeta 2021; (d) more agreement on fertility choices within couple bargaining (Testa et al. 2014, Doepke & Kindermann 2019; and (e) changes in social norms, as Section 2.5 discusses in greater detail. ...

Reference:

Fertility in High-Income Countries: Trends, Patterns, Determinants, and Consequences

... Women and men in essential occupations were affected quite similarly, yet women in nonessential occupations were more likely than men to lose their jobs and experienced greater reductions in work hours and earnings (Meekes et al. 2023). Compared to women in essential occupations, women in nonessential occupations were more harshly affected by the closing of childcare facilities and schools, the inability to outsource household tasks, and the additional informal care tasks during COVID-19 than men (Alon et al. 2022;Fuchs-Schündeln et al. 2020). The increased time spent in household work reduced women's labor market participation more steeply than men's (André et al. 2021;Del Boca et al. 2020;Hupkau and Petrongolo 2020;Oreffice and Quintana-Domeque 2021). ...

Reference:

The Psychological Threat of Being Declared Nonessential During the COVID‐19 Pandemic: Effects on Professional Identification

... Based on country panel data, Bick et al. (2018) and Bick et al. (2022b) claim that the relation between the hours worked on average per worker and the GDP per capita corresponds to an inverted U curve. The average number of hours worked per worker first rises with GDP per capita and then decreases 1 Duernecker and Herrendorf's (2018) main goal is to analyze substitution between home and market production. ...

Reference:

Productivity and hours worked: A circular theoretical approach

... According to an accepted procedure, human activity per day is divided into production time (sign W) and consumption time (sign L), e.g., [34]. In addition, time spent on personal care activities (sign P) is included. ...

Reference:

The Marketization of Home Production: Does Production Time Transfer Between Home and Market?