Nicholle Johnston’s research while affiliated with Biola University and other places

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Publications (1)


Shame as the mediator between financial well-being and depression. Path diagrams for (c) the total effect of financial well-being on depression and (c') the indirect effect of the financial well-being on anxiety through the mediator variable of shame
Shame as the mediator between financial well-being and anxiety. Path diagrams for (c) the total effect of financial well-being on anxiety and (c') the indirect effect of the financial well-being on anxiety through the mediator variable of shame
Shame as the mediator between financial well-being and spiritual well-being. Path diagrams for (c) the total effect of financial well-being on spiritual well-being and (c’) the indirect effect of the financial well-being on spiritual well-being through the mediator variable of shame
The Experience of Financial Well-Being, Shame, and Mental Health Outcomes in Seminary Students
  • Article
  • Publisher preview available

August 2021

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219 Reads

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11 Citations

Pastoral Psychology

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Nicholle Johnston

The experience of pursuing a graduate seminary education is rife with many stressors, including the heavy financial burden required to fund a seminary degree. Shame, understood as an experience of being unworthy and inadequate at one’s core, may be a natural reaction to financial hardship as many individuals may believe their inadequacy is the cause of their financial difficulties. The present study assessed 189 graduate seminary students from institutions accredited by the Association of Theological Schools to further understand the relationships between shame, financial distress, depression, anxiety, and spiritual well-being. Based on previous research, we hypothesized that financial well-being and shame would be negatively correlated. Furthermore, we hypothesized that shame would mediate the relationship between financial well-being and a number of negative outcomes, including depression, anxiety, and lack of spiritual well-being. Our findings demonstrated that the seminary population experienced shame in regard to perceived lack of financial well-being; shame was significantly and negatively related to financial well-being and significantly mediated the relationship between financial well-being and depression, anxiety, and spiritual well-being. These results indicate that financial hardship, including student debt, appears to have a far-reaching impact that causes distress on various levels for seminary students and that shame may be an important mechanism in understanding how this happens.

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Citations (1)


... The broader socio-cultural meanings of food, and connections with identity, culture and home are of salience in this discussion about international students' food insecurity experiences because these represent an added dimension to food insecurity experiences that might not be a feature within other communities (Blea et al., 2021;Hanna, 2016). Wright and colleagues (2021) bring together the discussion about international students and the importance of culturally familiar food by drawing on concepts developed by researchers investigating the symbolic importance, and meaning, of food among Indigenous and migrant populations (e.g. ...

Reference:

Food insecurity among international students’ studying in Melbourne, Australia: experiences and impacts
The Experience of Financial Well-Being, Shame, and Mental Health Outcomes in Seminary Students

Pastoral Psychology