Ni Nengah Sumerti’s research while affiliated with Poltekkes Kemenkes Malang and other places

Snails are unpleasant yet beneficial. Rural people have used one to treat illnesses like toothache for years. We will test snail's mucus Achatina fulica's cytotoxic activity against Baby Hamster Kidney (BHK-21) fibroblast cells at 12.5%, 25%, 50%, 100% and its resistance to Phorpyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, E. Faecalis, and S. aureus using Microtetrazolium (MTT) assay. The test and comparison solution was incubated with 5x103/100 l cells in 96-well plates. 5 mg/mL MTT completed the solution's incubation. ELISA readers measured purple color intensity. The formula transformed absorbance data at 595 nm into percent alive cells. ELISA readers read data. ANOVA, parametric Kolmogorov-Smirnov data normality test were performed. The cytotoxicity statistical test shows the following results: 12.5 % (0.76875 ±0.01117), 25% (0.49350 ±0.004796), 50% (0.30250 ±0.006658) and 100% (0.171 ±0.10488). The lowest cytotoxicity of Achatina fulica snail mucus is 12.5% with an average of 0.768. Achatina fulica snail mucus resists Phorpyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, E. Faecalis, and S. aureus at 12.5%.

Background: A chemical compound is a chemical compound present in a natural source that gives it the special properties and characteristics of the plant or animal source. Snail slime is one of the traditional medicines from animals that is used by the community as a traditional medicine for healing minor wounds and toothaches. The aim of this study was to identify the active chemical compounds and antibacterial potential of snail mucus against the bacteria E. foecalis that causes periodontitis. Method: True experiment laboratory research method which is carried out by laboratory analysis of snail mucus to obtain chemical elements, the content of compounds contained in a test sample. The content of active compounds based on the Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) test. Results: The average content of heparan sulfate with four repetitions was 16.45 mg/100g, Acharan sulfate 21.33 mg/100g, protein achasin 102.22 mg/100g, Glycoconyugat 88.6 mg/100g, Ion Ca2+ 86.2 mg/100g, Beta agglutinins 85.22 mg/100g. Toxicity test was carried out with four repetitions with concentrations of 100%, 50%, 25%, and 12.5%. And the lowest results of the toxicity test were at a concentration of 100% with a value of 0.171, while at a concentration of 50% 0.302, 25% 0.453, and 12.5% 0.768, for bacteria E. Foecalis with an inhibitory power of 23.15 mm, the category was very strong. Conclusion: The active chemical content in snail mucus is Acharan sulfate, achasin protein, Glycoconyugat, Ca2+ ion, Beta agglutinin, and the antibacterial potential of snail mucus against E. foecalis bacteria is very strong.

Periodontitis is a microorganism that invades the subgingival area, thereby triggering an inflammatory response of the periodontal tissue. Fusobacterium nucleatum is one of the most abundant gram-negative bacilli colonizing the subgingival plaque and closely associated with periodontal disease. The aim of study was to calculate the inhibition of snail mucus against Fusobacterium nucleatum bacteria with concentrations of 12.5%, 25%, 50%, and 100%. This study used a laboratory experimental test method and was conducted at the Oral Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Airlangga University. The steps were performed are: plant germ stock with sterile osse on BHI broth media then incubate for 48 hours, observe the turbidity of the germs then standardize with mc farland standard 0.5, plant germs on Hilton Muller agar media with the spreading technique, treat the test sample on sterile paper disk as much as 0, 01 ml with a sterile micropipette, then paste it on the surface of the media so that it is then incubated for 48 hours. Then, observe and measure the diameter of the clear zone. The results show that the average inhibition in the control group is 25.65 mm, and the snail mucus group is 12.5%, 0 mm, 25%, 12.40 mm, 50%, 16.70 mm and 100% 19.60 mm. There is a significant difference in the diameter of the inhibitory power between the treatment groups. The conclusion of the antibacterial effect of natural ingredients of snail mucus from the 25% treatment showed strong criteria, and the greatest inhibitory power was the concentration of 100%.

Periodontitis is a microorganism that invades the subgingival area, thereby triggering an inflammatory response of the periodontal tissue. Fusobacterium nucleatum is one of the most abundant gram-negative bacilli colonizing the subgingival plaque and closely associated with periodontal disease. The aim of study was to calculate the inhibition of snail mucus against Fusobacterium nucleatum bacteria with concentrations of 12.5%, 25%, 50%, and 100%. This study used a laboratory experimental test method and was conducted at the Oral Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Airlangga University. The steps were performed are: plant germ stock with sterile osse on BHI broth media then incubate for 48 hours, observe the turbidity of the germs then standardize with mc farland standard 0.5, plant germs on Hilton Muller agar media with the spreading technique, treat the test sample on sterile paper disk as much as 0, 01 ml with a sterile micropipette, then paste it on the surface of the media so that it is then incubated for 48 hours. Then, observe and measure the diameter of the clear zone. The results show that the average inhibition in the control group is 25.65 mm, and the snail mucus group is 12.5%, 0 mm, 25%, 12.40 mm, 50%, 16.70 mm and 100% 19.60 mm. There is a significant difference in the diameter of the inhibitory power between the treatment groups. The conclusion of the antibacterial effect of natural ingredients of snail mucus from the 25% treatment showed strong criteria, and the greatest inhibitory power was the concentration of 100%.

Known as bad breath, halitosis also called oral malodor is a bad breath that comes from air expelled by a person through the mouth. Halitosis is caused by local and systemic factors, but 90% of patients with halitosis due to local factors in the oral cavity, including at adolescents. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of mouthwashes of ethanol extract of leaves beluntas to overcome halitosis. This is an experimental research with completely randomized with pre-post control group design. Samples are adolescents junior high school students. Data were analyzed by Wilcoxon test, Results shown that there is a significance difference before and after rinsing in the groups and Friedman test shown that there is the significance difference between groups. The results of the study shown that mean average of mouth rinsing with ethanol extract of beluntas leaves with 12.5% in concentration is 0.167 ± 0.408, with p = 0.038 or p 0.05, rinsing with ethanol extract of beluntas leaves with 25% in concentration is 0.516 ± 0.408 , with p = 0.023 or p 0.05, mouth rinsing using chlorhexidine 0,12% shown that mean is 0.000 ± 0.000, with p = 0.020 or p 0.05. mouth rinsing using Base formula material shown that mean is 0,833 ± 0.408, with p = 0,157 or p 0.05. Analyze differences between groups to know the efectiveness of mouthwash treatment with Friedman test shown that p value = 0.000 or p0.05. The conclusion is rinsing with ethanol extract of beluntas leaves with 12.5% and 25% in concentration and chlorhexidine 0,12% can reduce halitosis significantly, but rinsing with base formula of mouthwash can not be overcome halitosis significantly. There are significant differences of effectiveness of mouthwash between groups to overcome halitosis. Keywords: mouthwash, ethanol extract of beluntas leaves, halitosis, adolescent

Bali Dental Clinic 911 is Dental and Oral Health Service which located in Denpasar. The kind of service in the Clinic, include; preventive, kurative, and rehabilitave in dental health, for Indeonesian and foreigns.The data shows that patients visiting in 2016 are 5,043, in 2017 are 5,830, and in 2018 are 6,350, majority patients from Austria. The goals of this research is to know the descriptive of satisfaction of foreigns tourism toward dental and oral services in Bali Dental Clinic 911 in 2020. This is a descriptive research with survey. The respondents in this research were all foreigns tourism who were visit Bali Dental Clinic 911 Denpasar in March 2020, with the total number of respondents are 50.The result of this research shows that: reliability demention with very satisfaction (91,5%), Responsiveness demention with very satisfaction (87,3%), assurance demention with very satisfaction (92%), Emphaty demention with very satisfaction (90%), tangibles demention with very satisfaction (85%). The conclussion of this research shows that majority foreigns tourism who were visit Bali Dental Clinic 911 Denpasar in March 2020 got very satisfaction services in dental and oral health

Health educational is one of efforts to increase the public behavior. The elementary school students are a group with susceptible in dental and oral diseases. One of efforts to increase the knowledge of students is elucidation of health, belong to dental and oral health. The objectives of this study is to know the differential of the knowledge about dental care before and after elucidation in the students in third level in SDN 12 Sesetan in 2020. This research is pre experimental study, with pre and post test design, which done in May 2020, with 35 respondents. The data is collected with questionnaire. The results of this research shows that, before elucidation shows that : 54,29% (Very Good Criteria), and 2,85% (Failure Criteria), the average of the knowledge about dental health is 76 (Good Criteria). After elucidation, shows that : 100% (Very Good Criteria) and the average of the knowledge about dental health is 92,57 (Very Good Criteria). The results analysis with sign test shows that there is differential of knowledge about dental health care between before and after elucidation in the students in third level in SDN 12 Sesetan in 2020. The conclusion of this research are, before elucidation the average of the knowledge about dental health is in Good Criteria, and after elucidation is in Very Good Criteria. There is differential of knowledge about dental health care between before and after elucidation in the students in third level in SDN 12 Sesetan in 2020.

Dental health and periodontal tissue are very critical in adolescence. Teenage oral cavity problems are caused due to poor dental and oral hygiene and irregular eating patterns. Promotion of dental and oral health in adolescents can be done through counseling both individuals and group counseling, while those who have tartar problems need to get scaling. The purpose of this study is to improve oral hygiene and knowledge about the maintenance of oral and dental health of students of SMP No. 2 Marga in Tabanan Regency in 2018. Method of this study is one group pretest and posttest without control group design. Data was taken before an action and evaluating it after that. The result of this study showed that there is an increased in the average value of knowledge of students before and after getting counseling with an average value before counseling was equal to 57.74 with less criteria and after counseling increased to 72.02 with good criteria. The results of statistical analysis of the value of knowledge indicate that the increase is not significant. The average OHI-S value of students decreased from 2.36 to 1.29 with moderate criteria, and the results of statistical analysis showed that the decline was significant, which means that with scaling action there was a significant increase in students' dental and oral hygiene, so it can be concluded that scaling and counseling can improve dental and oral hygiene of students and increase knowledge about how to maintain dental and oral hygiene.

The use of mouthwash is an effective way to help cure gingivitis. Mouthwash that is often used is mouthwash containing antiseptic. Recently, there has been increasing use of traditional medicines that are considered safer such as areca nuts compared to chemically synthesized agents. The aim of this study was to calculate the difference in the healing of chronic gingivitis due to calculus between gargling using areca nut (Areca catechu) extract and using Chlorhexidine 0.2% solution. This was an experimental test with pre and post-test control group design and involved two treatment groups. A total of 30 subjects with grade 2 gingivitis were being admitted. The first group was given mouthwash with areca nut (Areca catechu) extract and another group with Chlorhexidine 0.2% twice daily for three days. The mean gingival index in the group which gargled using betel nut seed (Areca catechu) extract on the first day was 1,93±0,704 followed by 0,40±0,507 on the second day, and 0,00±0,00 on the third day, on the other hand the mean gingival index in the group which gargled using Chlorhexidine 0.2% solution was 1,93±0,704 on the first day, 0,40±0,507 on the second day, and 0,00±0,00 on the third day. The mean gingival index decreased significantly during observation period in both treatment groups but when being compared to each other there was no significant difference in the healing time of chronic gingivitis in group which gargled using betel nut seed extract (Areca catechu) and Chlorhexidine 0.2% solution.

Beluntas Leaf (Pluchea indica L) has been shown to have antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans. The leaf of avocado (Persea americana Mill) that have same active substance with beluntas leaf expected to have antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans so that the purpose of this research is to compare the ability of ethanol extract from avocado leaf and beluntas leaf in inhibiting the growth of Streptococcus mutans. This research is experimental type, using completely randomized with posttest only control group design. Samples were pure isolates of Streptococcus mutans ATCC 35668. The sample of 90 divided into four groups: beluntas leaf ethanol extract 25%, beluntas leaf ethanol extract 50%, avocado leaf ethanol extract 25%, avocado leaf ethanol extract 50% and two control groups. The data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA test followed by Least Significant Difference (LSD) with a 95% confidence level. The results showed a significant inhibition differences between the control group and the treatment group with a value of p = 0.000 (p <0.05). The ability of 25% ethanol extract of beluntas leaf (Pluchea indica L) is equivalent to 50% ethanol extract of beluntas leaf (Pluchea indica L) and 50% ethanol extract of leaf of avocado (Persea americana Mill) in inhibiting the growth of Streptococcus mutans. It is recommended that further research conducted to test the mechanism of action of the active substances contained in beluntas and avocado leaf as an antibacterial and test MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) with an advanced test in determining the MBC (Minimal Bactericidal Concentration).