Nesrine Miloud Al-Awkally’s scientific contributions

The protozoan Toxoplasma gondii is one of the most common infectious pathogenic parasites and can cause severe medical complications in infants and immune-compromised individuals. The current study was done in Benghazi, Libya from January to September 2020. This study was done on a total of 260 people attending private laboratories. Latex agglutination test (LAT) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to detect the prevalence of anti-Toxoplasma IgM and IgG antibodies, The present study showed that the positive diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii infection was only in females, and the different between the sexes was observed. The highest ratio of IgM antibodies was in age group 31 to 40, n=12 (7%), followed by 21 to 30, n=9 (5%). Toxoplasma infections were higher in autumn 151 (90%) followed by summer 14 (8%) while the lowest was recorded in spring 2 (1%). To avoid human infection, all meat should be cooked well and fruits and vegetables washed before eating, protection such as wearing gloves and washing hands should be taken through and after gardening to avoid connection to the soil polluted with T. gondii oocytes expelled in cat feces, and 291 consumption of dirty water should be evaded, especially in developing countries. Future studies are required to determine the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in more people by using ELISA methods.

Toxoplasmosis is a worldwide infection caused by the intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Laboratory diagnosis, i.e. ELISA and serologic assays, plays the main role in the diagnosis of infection. Aims of the study was to determine of antibodies (IgG, IgM) against of Toxoplasma were measurement by ELISA method in both genders their ages are between 16 days-49 years. Serum samples were collected from (326) specimen in Al-bayda between November 2016 and July 2017. These were screened with enzyme-linked immunoassays for the presence of anti-Toxoplasma IgG and anti-Toxoplasma IgM antibodies. 38 (33.6%) specimens were positive for anti-T. gondii IgG, while 30 (26.3%) specimens were positive for anti-T. gondii IgG and IgM antibodies and 8 (7.0%) specimens were positive for anti-T. gondii IgM antibodies. The toxoplasmosis is still a serious issue. Once a person has been exposed to Toxoplasma gondii, that person will have some measurable amount of IgG antibody in their blood for the rest of their life. Diagnostic methods such as capture ELISA could be useful to detect parasite antigens and DNA in a very short time after the infection. According to the prevalence of positive cases in these patients, it is necessary to examine the patients for toxoplasmosis before, during and after treatment.

Viral hepatitis constitutes a global health problem; previous studies have affirmed a considerable morbidity and mortality from both acute infections and chronic complications. On the other hand, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection is also of known burden. Determining prevalence measures of these viruses is crucial for establishing appropriate country specific strategies regarding prevention, diagnosis, and containment. The data for this research were records from 2-year period from 20-2018, a total of 1.968 cases were collected from two years. In 2017, a total of 696, (429) Libyan and (267) expatriate, only one infected Libyan and expatriate equally with HCV in June. A total of 1272 cases in 2018, 543 were no Libyan cases with viral infection and 729 Expatriates recorded infection with 8 cases (3 HBSAg and 5 HCV) in November, 7 (one cases with HIV, two cases with HBSAg and 4 cases with HCV). According to the seasons, HIV was recorded with one case (10) in the autumn while the highest HBSAg infected was observed in autumn 5 (50%) followed by summer 4 (40%) and the highest HCV infected was recorded in autumn 9 (90%) followed by summer 3 (30%) and winter 1 (10%).

The protozoan Toxoplasma gondii is one of the most common infectious pathogenic parasites and can cause severe medical complications in infants and immune-compromised individuals. The current study was done in Benghazi, Libya from January to September 2020. This study was done on a total of 260 people attending private laboratories. Latex agglutination test (LAT) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to detect the prevalence of anti-Toxoplasma IgM and IgG antibodies, The present study showed that the positive diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii infection was only in females, and the different between the sexes was observed. The highest ratio of IgM antibodies was in age group 31 to 40, n=12 (7%), followed by 21 to 30, n=9 (5%). Toxoplasma infections were higher in autumn 151 (90%) followed by summer 14 (8%) while the lowest was recorded in spring 2 (1%). To avoid human infection, all meat should be cooked well and fruits and vegetables washed before eating, protection such as wearing gloves and washing hands should be taken through and after gardening to avoid connection to the soil polluted with T. gondii oocytes expelled in cat feces, and 291 consumption of dirty water should be evaded, especially in developing countries. Future studies are required to determine the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in more people by using ELISA methods.

Antimicrobial resistance is majorly a problem of public health worry. The aim of this study to isolate and identify Escherichia coli from 422 clinical specimens of csf, fluid, pus, sputum swab, tip and urine collected from the clinical locations at Al-jala hospital-Benghazi. The clinical specimens were analyzed using standard microbiological. Common bacteria detected from different Clinical specimens on Selective media. TSI (Triple Sugar Iron), MIU (Motility, Indol, and Urea) E. coli followed by Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas. E. coli isolates were dominant detected in different Clinical specimens on selective media. It was determined antibiotic susceptibility pattern. The isolated E. coli was microbiological and biochemical identified by Vitek 2 system. Distribution of E. coli isolates were differed among Female was 245 (58%) and male 177 (42%). The clinical specimens of urine was the highest E. coli 176 (42%) followed by swab 139 (33%) and tip 84 (20%) while the lowest was recorded in csf 1(0%). The studies showed that all the E. coli isolated were resistant to. Amikacin, Impienem and Colistin and resistant was observed toward Aug, Septrin and Ciprofloxacin. Effective hygiene must be encouraged and unselective usage of antibiotics must be avoided.

Toxoplasmosis is a worldwide infection caused by the intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Laboratory diagnosis, i.e. ELISA and serologic assays, plays the main role in the diagnosis of infection. Aims of the study was to determine of antibodies (IgG, IgM) against of Toxoplasma were measurement by ELISA method in both genders their ages are between 16 days-49 years. Serum samples were collected from (326) specimen in Al-bayda between November 2016 and July 2017. These were screened with enzyme-linked immunoassays for the presence of anti-Toxoplasma IgG and anti-Toxoplasma IgM antibodies. 38 (33.6%) specimens were positive for anti-T. gondii IgG, while 30 (26.3%) specimens were positive for anti-T. gondii IgG and IgM antibodies and 8 (7.0%) specimens were positive for anti-T. gondii IgM antibodies. The toxoplasmosis is still a serious issue. Once a person has been exposed to Toxoplasma gondii, that person will have some measurable amount of IgG antibody in their blood for the rest of their life. Diagnostic methods such as capture ELISA could be useful to detect parasite antigens and DNA in a very short time after the infection. According to the prevalence of positive cases in these patients, it is necessary to examine the patients for toxoplasmosis before, during and after treatment.

Bacterial meningitis is a medical emergency associated with high mortality rates. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture is the gold standard for diagnosis of meningitis and it is important to establish the susceptibility of the causative microorganism to rationalize treatment. Objective of this study was to assess the seasonality of the bacterial meningitis and the antibiotic resistance of incriminated bacteria through the year in Tobruk city. This Laboratory-based retrospective analysis of 367 CSF cultures was conducted in Tobruk Medical Centre, Tobruk, from January 2020-December 2020. Of whom 367, 188 (59%) were male, while 179 (49%) were female. Of 367. Three isolated pathogen was Klebseilla spp 2(1%), followed by streptococcus pyogen and Staph aureus 1 (0%) equally. While 363 (99%) was no growth. The majority of cases 110 (30 %) were cultured in autumn 110 (30%) followed by winter 95 (26%) and spring 88 (24%). in our study the decreasing of bacterial isolation from CSF samples, is maybe due to several reasons such as administration of antibiotics to the patients before CSF sample culturing or the patients were infected with viral infections or the patients were not infected at all. Additional study should focus on avoidable features of vaccines, to reduce the disease problem.

Bacterial meningitis is a medical emergency associated with high mortality rates. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture is the gold standard for diagnosis of meningitis and it is important to establish the susceptibility of the causative microorganism to rationalize treatment. Objective of this study was to assess the seasonality of the bacterial meningitis and the antibiotic resistance of incriminated bacteria through the year in Tobruk city. This Laboratory-based retrospective analysis of 367 CSF cultures was conducted in Tobruk Medical Centre, Tobruk, from January 2020-December 2020. Of whom 367, 188 (59%) were male, while 179 (49%) were female. Of 367. Three isolated pathogen was Klebseilla spp 2(1%), followed by streptococcus pyogen and Staph aureus 1 (0%) equally. While 363 (99%) was no growth. The majority of cases 110 (30 %) were cultured in autumn 110 (30%) followed by winter 95 (26%) and spring 88 (24%). in our study the decreasing of bacterial isolation from CSF samples, is maybe due to several reasons such as administration of antibiotics to the patients before CSF sample culturing or the patients were infected with viral infections or the patients were not infected at all. Additional study should focus on avoidable features of vaccines, to reduce the disease problem.

Thyroid hormones play a vital part in development, of metabolism, nervous system myelination, and organ functions. Thyroid complaints can be tough to identify clinically, but thyroid function tests can assist in making a diagnosis. Evaluating thyroid stimulating hormone is the major step. If it is abnormal, free thyroxin should be measured. An elevated concentration of thyroid stimulating hormone with a low concentration of free thyroxin suggests hypothyroidism. A low concentration of thyroid stimulating hormone with a great concentration of free thyroxin suggests hyperthyroidism. A cross sectional study was done in children attending to Pediatric hospital- Benghazi for one year from January 2018 to December 2018. Total of 221 children, 94 (43%) were males and 127 (57%) were females attending the hospital for thyroid hormone test were included in the study. Secondary data on gender, TSH, T3 and T4 level were analyzed. Thyroid diseases reported was found to be more prevalent in females than males. T4 was higher in females than males by percentage 8 (4%) to 5 (2%) respectively. TSH was also has a higher rate recorded in females than males by percentage 38 (17%) to 28 (13%) respectively. It can be concluded from the present study that the gender has a significant effect on the levels T4, T3 and TSH. Initial analysis and treatment are important to avoid irreparable and enduring nervous system injury and progressive interruption, specifically in newborns as they are very in danger to thyroid dysfunction.

Abstract Pseudomonas aeruginosa is gram-negative, motile rods that belong to the family Enterobacteriaceae and known as one an important pathogen causes of illness and death among hospital patients. The aims of the study were to evaluate the antimicrobial sensitivity patterns of P. aeruginosa isolated from urine samples to antibiotics. The study was conducted in the medical microbiology department during the period from February 2017 to December 2017. All the samples were subjected to selective and enriched media for isolation of P. aeruginosa colonies. Isolated colonies of P. aeruginosa were subjected to antibiotic sensitivity testing. The highest isolation of p. aeruginosa were males 70 (68.8%) and 32 (31.2 %) were females. Most of the pseudomonas infection had been recorded in an age group between 45-60 years (40%), while fewer rates had been an age group of 15-30 years (19%). The highest susceptible rate observed in females were ciprofloxacin 20 (62.5%) and Amikacin 18 (56.2%), While the resistance rate was toward Septrin 25 (78.1%) and Tetracycline 52 (74.2%). Imipenem 33 (47.1%) followed by Amikacin 32 (45.7%) were most drugs effect on P. aeruginosa isolated from males, while the highest resistances were septrin 58(82.8%) and Tetracycllin 52(74.2%). To prevent the selection and spread of resistant bacteria, it is critically important to have strict antibiotic policies. Continuous investigation of antimicrobial resistance developments, management of the right antibiotics, and simple processes like hand washing have become typical for the control of this organis