Natalia Emanuel’s research while affiliated with Federal Reserve Bank of New York and other places

... Millimet (2024) studies the implications of different units of geographic classification (e.g., counties and congressional districts) for the estimation of relevant spatial statistics. Closer to the setting we examine, Finlay et al (2024) and Baron et al (2024) investigate implications of differential classification of race and ethnicity in estimating disparities in incarceration rates and foster care placement, respectively. This paper's focus on differential covariate classification has commonalities with what is known in some fields (medical informatics, computer science, etc.) as semantic interoperability. ...

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Prediction with Differential Covariate Classification: Illustrated by Racial/Ethnic Classification in Medical Risk Assessment

... Available evidence suggests that remote workers are more productive in narrow jobs which are easily codified and remotely monitored (Bloom et al., 2015). However, they are less productive in more complex jobs (Gibbs et al., 2023;Emanuel and Harrington, 2024). ...

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The Information Organization: On Changes in Information Technology and Organizational Design

... For example, in an experiment in Arkansas, Hastings et al. (2021) found that text message reminders reduced missed probation and parole appointments by over 40%, and Tomkins et al. (2012) found that postcard reminders reduced non-appearance rates by up to 34% in an experiment with misdemeanor defendants in Nebraska. See Bechtel et al. (2017) and Zottola et al. (2023) for reviews of the relevant literature. in FTA rates from text message reminders (Fishbane et al., 2020;Emanuel and Ho, 2023); two other RCTs found reductions in non-appearance rates, though the estimates were not statistically significant (Lowenkamp et al., 2018;Owens and Sloan, 2022); and one RCT estimated higher -but not statistically significant-warrant rates among people who received a text message reminder (Chivers and Barnes, 2018). A study by Emanuel and Ho (2023) is one of the few to examine the impact of automated reminders on incarceration, finding no statistically significant effect of reminders on jail bookings. ...

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Automated Reminders Reduce Incarceration for Missed Court Dates: Evidence from a Text Message Experiment

... One might be interested in relaxing this assumption, for example if workers overestimate risk for certain demographic groups. Disparities in risk estimation is a particularly relevant extension of the model given recent evidence that Child Protective Service workers may overestimate Black children's risk, or underestimate white children's risk (Baron et al., 2023). Proposition 3 takes this into account. ...

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Better Together? A Field Experiment on Human-Algorithm Interaction in Child Protection

... It is also worth noting that, on Flexible Workdays, employees are more tolerant (neutral) towards the open-office type with no separation, which encourages interaction over privacy. While this neutral preference contrasts with findings from previous workplace studies (Bodin Danielsson & Bodin, 2009), this tolerance may stem from the nature of a Flexible Workday, where employees have greater control over (autonomy) choosing their work environments (Altman, 1975;Deci & Ryan, 1985) and may perceive the office more as a space for collaboration (Emanuel et al., 2023). ...

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Differences in preferences for office attributes in hybrid working: Office versus Flexible Workdays

... Barrero et al. [12] recently underlined that workers perceive the working-from-home shift to positively impact their productivity with 7.4%, based on the response of 13,082 US employees to "How much less/more efficient are you working from home than on business premises?". Later publications measuring changes in objective productivity find, however, that WFH does not consistently lead to improved productivity and often shows negative effects [13][14][15]. Gibbs et al. [14] even found that workers who preferred WFH were 12% faster and more accurate at baseline (before the shift to WFH) but experienced a 27% decrease in productivity when working from home compared to their office performance, leading to a net productivity drop of 15%. In contrast, those who preferred office work experienced a smaller net productivity decline of 13% when working from home. ...

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Productivity and stress recollection inaccuracy: Anchoring effects in work-from-home evaluation

... Contact with the child welfare system-the collection of government agencies and private partnerships tasked with investigating child maltreatment and providing services to affected children and their families-is remarkably common in the United States. By age 18, more than one-third of children will have been subject to a formal investigation for alleged maltreatment, and 5% of children will have entered formal foster care (Kim et al., 2017;Yi et al., 2023Yi et al., , 2020. Foster care, the temporary placement outside of one's familial home under the direction of the state or county child welfare authority, is the most intensive intervention provided by child welfare services. ...

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Do foster youth face harsher juvenile justice outcomes? Reinvestigating child welfare bias in juvenile justice processing

... Differences between men and women in occupational choices, hours worked, risk tolerance, and work-life balance preference contribute significantly to wage disparities (Blau and Kahn 2017;Goldin 2014). Understanding these factors through economic and psychological lenses offers a clearer, more comprehensive view of the gender pay gap and its roots in individual preferences and adaptive strategies (e.g., Bolotnyy and Emanuel 2022;Cook et al. 2021). ...

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Evolutionary Basis of Gender Dynamics: Understanding Patriarchy, the Pay Gap, and the Glass Ceiling

... The format of reminders provided to people varies (e.g., letter, text message) as does the content of the reminders. In several studies, reminders included information about an upcoming court date plus additional information about resources, consequences, or contact information for court personnel (e.g., Chivers & Barnes, 2018;Emanuel & Ho, 2021;Lowenkamp et al., 2018). All studies compared groups of people who received reminders to groups who did not on subsequent rates of failure to appear in court. ...

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Court date reminders reduce court nonappearance: A meta‐analysis

... A growing number of studies report that the experience of imprisonment may have long-lasting and significant consequences on a person's life expectancy, and that race and Hispanic origin seem to mediate the imprisonment-mortality relationship (Binswanger et al. 2013;Graham et al. 2015;Patterson 2013;Pridemore 2014;Rosen et al. 2011;Spaulding et al. 2011;Wildeman et al. 2016a;Wildeman et al. 2016b). ...

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Mortality in a Multi-State Cohort of Former State Prisoners, 2010-2015