N.O. Muhammad’s research while affiliated with University of Ilorin and other places

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the antihyperglycemic activity of leaf essential oil of Citrus sinensis (Rutaceae) in alloxan –induced diabetic rats. Methodology: Diabetes was induced in albino rats by intraperitoneal administration of single dose of alloxan monohydrate (150 mg/kg body weight). The leaf essential oil of Citrus sinensis at a dose of 110 mg/kg b.wt was administered every other day to the diabetic rats for a period of 15 days. The effects of leaf essential oil on blood glucose, hepatic glucose and glycogen were evaluated. 14.2 mg/kg body weight of metformin was used as a reference drug. Results: Intraperitoneal administration of the oil to diabetic rats led to a significant reduction (P = .05) of fasting blood glucose and hepatic glucose levels while hepatic glycogen significantly increased (P = .05) when compared to diabetic control animals. Conclusion: It is concluded that leaf essential oil of Citrus sinensis possesses significant antihyperglycemic effect on alloxan – induced diabetic rats at the dose tested.

The aim of this study was to investigate the antihyperglycemic activity of leaf essential oil of Citrus sinensis (Rutaceae) in alloxan –induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in albino rats by intraperitoneal administration of single dose of alloxan monohydrate (150 mg/kg body weight). The leaf essential oil of Citrus sinensis at a dose of 110 mg/kg b.wt was administered every other day to the diabetic rats for a period of 15 days. The effects of leaf essential oil on blood glucose, hepatic glucose and glycogen were evaluated. 14.2 mg/kg body weight of metformin was used as a reference drug. Intraperitoneal administration of the oil to diabetic rats led to a significant reduction (P = .05) of fasting blood glucose and hepatic glucose levels while hepatic glycogen significantly increased (P = .05) when compared to diabetic control animals. It is concluded that leaf essential oil of Citrus sinensis possesses significant antihyperglycemic effect on alloxan – induced diabetic rats at the dose tested

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of leaf essential oil of Citrus sinensis (Rutaceae) on haematological parameters of alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Methodology: Diabetes was induced in albino rats by intraperitoneal administration of single dose of alloxan monohydrate (150 mg/kg body weight). The leaf essential oil of Citrus sinensis at a dose of 110 mg/kg b.wt was administered every other day to the diabetic rats during 15 days. The effects of leaf essential oil on the erythrocyte and leucocyte indices were then evaluated. Results: Red Blood Cell, Packed Cell Volume, White blood cell, Neutrophils and Leucocytes were reduced significantly in diabetic animals. However, treatment with leaf oil of C. sinensis increased these parameters subsequently. Conclusion: It is concluded that leaf essential oil of Citrus sinensis improved the erythrocyte and leucocyte indices of diabetic rats. Original Research Article Soji-Omoniwa et al.; IBRR, Article no. IBRR.2014.002 114

Leaf essential oil of Cochlospermum planchonii was obtained by hydrodistillation. GC and GC/MS analysis of the oil revealed that, the oil was rich in sesquiterpenes(51.7%). Nonterpenic and monoterpenic compounds constituted 35.5 and 11.9% of the oil. The principal constituents of the oil were; methylcyclopentane (26.3%), caryophyllene (11.4%), germacrene-D (8.8%), caryophyllene oxide (6.5%), copaene (5.6%), 2 – methylpentane (5.0%), δ-cadinene (4.9%), β-myrcene (4.3%) and α – cadinol (4.0%).In all, terpinic compounds that are biologically active against disease causing organisms constituted 63.6% of the oil. With the predominant of this class of metabolite, the oil could serve as therapeutic agents for pathogenic diseases.

The effect of leaf essential oil of Hoslundia opposita (Vahl) on the haematological parameters of alloxan-induced diabetic rats was investigated. Forty-eight albino rats (Rattus norvegicus), of average weight 132.5 g, were randomly selected into normal and diabetic groups, each with four sub-groups. The rats were treated with 110 and 220 mg/kg body weight (b. wt.) of the essential oil. 14.2 mg/kg body weight of metformin (Glucophage) was used as a reference drug. All treatments were administered, intraperitoneally, once a day for four days. Haematological parameters like haemoglobin (HGB), red blood cell (RBC) count, white blood cell (WBC) count, percentage lymphocytes (LYM) and neutrophils (NEU) were analysed. There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in the erythrocyte indices of all the normal (nondiabetic) rats, both treated and untreated. However, there was a significant increase (p

Effect of fermentation using Aspergillus niger on some mineral and anti-nutritional constituents of Chrysophyllum albidum seed meal was carried out. Levels of the some minerals and anti-nutritients (like tannin, oxalate, saponin, phytate and cyanide) of the raw and fermented seed meal were determined. The percentage nutritional concentrations (%) in the raw seed were: tannin (6.23 ± 0.01), oxaloacetate (48.39 ± 0.14), saponin (1.58 ± 0.01), phytate (0.76 ± 0.03) and cyanide (1.07 ± 0.32). While level of mineral element concentrations (%) of significantly (p<0.05) high values in the raw seed where: sodium (74.13 ± 0.07), potassium (61.15 ± 1.25), phosphorus (40.76 ± 0.28) and iron (43.10 ± 0.35ppm). Fermentation however, significantly reduced levels of the anti-nutrients (like phytate, oxalate, tannin, saponin and cyanide) and minerals (like phosphorus, sodium, copper and zinc), but increased significantly, levels of minerals (like calcium, potassium, magnesium and iron) in the C. albidum seed meal. Hence the fermentation significantly (p<0.05) improved the nutritional quality of C. albidum seed meal.

Hydrodistilled leaves of Chenopodium album yielded 0.64 % v/w of essential oil. GC and GC/MS analyses of the oil revealed that the bulk of the oil was constituted by aromatic compounds (60.1 %). The abundant constituents of the oil were: p- cymene (40.9 %), ascaridole (15.5 %), pinane-2-ol (9.9 %), α-pinene (7.0 %), β-pinene (6.2 %) and α-terpineol (6.2 %). The oil displayed strong anti-inflammatory activity against 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) – induced ear edema in mice.

Archachatina marginata Swainson (Achatinidae) is found in Nigeria, West Africa. Its hemolymph is applied as a disinfectant to blades and fresh cuts of circumcision in Yorubaland. The hemolymph is also used in traditional medicine practice. Investigation into its anti-endotoxin response is being studied for the first time. This study determined whether endotoxin causes measurable and concentration-dependent protein coagulation in the separate hemolymph fractions and in hemocyte lysate (HL)/plasma mixtures. Endotoxin was prepared by inoculating 5% w/v dextrose with locally isolated Escherichia coli cells and incubated for 48 h before sterilization. Pyrogenicity was determined by rabbit test method and use the of LAL kit. Hemolymph fractions were exposed to endotoxin while controls were exposed to endotoxin-free water (0.025 EU/ml). HL/plasma (1:1 v/v) was exposed to varied endotoxin concentrations. Data indicated significantly higher protein coagulates induced by endotoxin in all the hemolymph fractions (P < 0.05). Maximum protein coagulation in mixture of HL/plasma 1:1 was recorded. Exposure of HL/plasma at optimal ratio to varied endotoxin caused linear protein coagulation up to 1.0 EU/ml, beyond which it dropped significantly and unresponsive to further increase in endotoxin doses. There was endotoxin-induced protein coagulation, which is endotoxin concentration-dependent. The optimal coagulation observed for 1:1 HL/plasma mixture suggests stronger interaction between the hemocytes and the plasma in response to endotoxin. There are LPS-binding proteins in the plasma and hemocytes of A. marginata. This finding may be employed in detection and quantification of endotoxin in future.